Appendix I
Key to Exercises (Units 1-8)
Unit 1
Part I  Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board.
Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.
It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and crew were all experienced, "well-seasoned" as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying
 
- $6 - Appendix  I
goodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.
Now let's listen to the song:
The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
Gordon Lightfoot
 
The legend lives on from the Chippewa on down
Or the big lake they call Gitche Gumee
Tke lake, it is said, rfever gives up her dead
When the skies or November turn gloomy
Witk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons more
Than the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed empty
That good ship and true was a hone to be chewed
When the gales of November came early
Tke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back from some mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it was kigger tkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasoned Concluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkey left fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tke skip's kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkey'd been feeling
Tke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale sound
And a wave broke over tke railing
And every man knew, as tke captain did too
Twas tke witck of Novemker come stealing
Tke dawn came late and the breakfast had to wait
Wken the Gales of November came slashing
When afternoon came it was freezing rain
In the face of a hurricane west wind
 
 
Appendix   1 - 6? -
 

 
When suppertime came, the old cook came on deck saying
Fellas1, it's too rough to reed ya2
At seven PM a main hatchway caved in, he said
Fellas, it's heen good to know ya
The captain wired in he had water coming in
And the good ship and crew was in peril
And later that night when his lights went out of sight
Came the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
Does any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turn the minutes to hours The searchers all say they'd have made Whitefish Bay If they'd put fifteen more miles hehind her They might have split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep and took water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wives and the sons and the daughters J
Lake Huron rolls, Superior sings
In the rooms of her ice'water mansion
Old Michigan steams like a young man's dreams
The islands and hays are for sportsmen
And farther helow Lake Ontario
Takes in what Lake Erie can send her
And the iron boats go as the mariners all know
With the Gales of November remembered
In a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors' Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine times
For each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald
■■.••. !
 
1 fella:  (slang) fellow
2 ya: (slang) you
 
- 66 - Appendix   1
Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or the nig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, never gives up her dead When the gales or November come early
Part II Text A
lexf Organization

": ■■■■ ■■ -
Parts Paragraphs' ' Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.

2.   
 Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas
 Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy
 Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad
 Section Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war
 
Vocabulary
I.  1.  1) alliance
      3) stroke
      5) minus
    7) declarations
 
2) heroic 4) limp
6) regions 8) siege
 
Appendix   I - $9
9) raw 10) retreat
11) have taken their toll 12) In the case of
13) campaign 14) at the cost of
15) has been brought to a halt
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on           4) drag on
5) picking up 6) falling apart
7) cut back 8) take over
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.
4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up the
occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the
no-man's-land between the trenches.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
 
- 90 - Appendix   I
 
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
■
Structure
1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent.
2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.
3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.
4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas.
2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.
2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.
3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United
States at the age of four. ■

4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for
about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
2. stand in the way
4. catching... off his guard
6. declaration
8. drag on
10. die from
(A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign
9. reckon with
11. bringing...to a halt
 
Appendix   I - 91 -

(B)  
1. In 2. since
3. the 4. and
5. it 6. that/who
7. of/about 8. across
9. to 10. lost
11. to 12. with
13. buried 14. in
15. than 16. between
17. from 18. to
19. down  
 
II. Translation
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Part III TextB
.-
2. d 4. a
Comprehension Check
1. d
3. b
 
- 92 - Appendix   I
Translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
 
1. boast 2. obstacles
3. was concerned 4. call ...off
5. paid off 6. was pinned down
7. are contesting 8. prior to
9. holdout 10. objective
11. responsible for 12. in case
13. favorable 14. due to
15. on the eve of 16. cancel
17. complications 18. stiff
19. withstand 20. absent
 
■
 
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Writing Strategy
Tick which of the following is more convincing:
 It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no
hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.
 √ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:
"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."
Model Paper
Can Man Triumph over Nature?
When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.
Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of
 
Appendix  I - 98 -
disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.
However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.
(154 words)
Unit 2
■
Part I  Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
What will the world be like in five hundred years' time? A thousand years' time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us. Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artificially, chosen, in the words of the song, "from the bottom of a long black tube." Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. It's enough, as he says, to make even God shake his head.
Here is the song:
In the Year 2525
Zager & Evans
In the year 2525
If man is still alive
If woman can survive   They may find
 
- 9^ - Appendix   I
In the year 3535 
Ain't gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everything you think, do, or say Is in the pill you took today

In the year 4545
Ain't gonna need your teeth, won't need your eyes
You won't rind a thing to do
Nobody's gonna look at you
In the year 5555 
Your arms are hanging limp at your sides
Your legs not nothing to do
Some machine is doing that for you

In the year 6565
Ain't gonna need no husband, won't need no wife -:
You'll pick your son, pick your daughter .too
From the bottom of a long black tube .
In the year, 7510 
.    If God's a-comin' he ought to make it by then ;
Maybe he'll look around himself and say
Guess it's time for the Judgment Day1 .

In the year 8510
God's gonna shake his mighty head .
He'll either say I'm pleased where man has been Or tear it down and start again
In the year 9595
I'm kinda wondering if man's gonna be alive He's taken everything this old earth can give And he ain't put back nothing
1    the Judgment Day: the end of the world, the time of God's final judgment of all people
 
Appendix   I - 95
 
Now it's been 10,000 years Man has cried a billion tears For what he never knew Now man's reign is through But through the eternal night The twinkling of starlight So very far away Maybe it's only yesterday
 

 
Part II Text A
 
'
 
l
Text Organization

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.
Part Two Paras 4-9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.
Part Three Paras 10-13 GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way.
 
■
1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act
2) They can eliminate most car accidents;
3) They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen;
4) They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;
5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;
6) They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.
 
Vocabulary
I.   1. 1) expansion
3) vapor
 

 
2) manufacturing 4) take control of
 
00-96-
 
Appendix   1
 
hazards
convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted
send out
result from starting up
give up
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
2. 1) 3) 5) 7)
3. 1)
2) 3)
4)
5)
4. 1)
6) satellite
8) magnetic
10)in the air
12)approximately
14)monotonous
2)stand up for
4)making up for

6)play up play up
8)take on take on

With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford and Harvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well.
As a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gam-bling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
23) 3)
Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated.
Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars.
） Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second.
）Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control tech-nologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency,
override the actions of the driver.  
II. Word Formation  
Clipped Words Blends 
kilo             kilogram                       kilogram Medicare medical care
memo          memorandum                      memorandum email electronic mail
gym           gymnasium                        gymnasium comsat communications satellite
 
Appendix   1 - 9? -
 
lib
doc
vet
prep
auto
 

liberation newscast news broadcast
doctor autopilot automatic pilot
veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
preparatory brunch breakfast lunch
automobile telecast television broadcast
 

 
III. Usage
1. swimming pool
3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population
 
2. drawing board
4. disturbing change
6. Canned foods
8. puzzling differences
 

 
Struct-ure
 
1
1) Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country.
2) The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.
3) Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped to below 2000 yuan.
4) In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computer or doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.
2.  1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.
2) The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain administrative discipline.
3) The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.
4) We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.
 
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. alert
3. highway
5. take control of
7. decrease
9. monotonous
 
2. hazards
4. start up
6. lane
8. get stuck in
10. eliminate
 
- 96 - Appendix   I
 
11. convert
(B)
l.for
3. enabled
5. decreased / reduced
7.quantities
9. worldwide
11. manufacturing 13.on/upon
15. which
17. problems / hazards 19. Nevertheless
 
12. mounted
2. way
4. farther
6. by
8. locally
10. with
12. As
14. provide
16. itself
18. and
20. continuing
 

 
II. Translation
Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo-bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu-nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de-signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For ex-ample, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
 
1. a 3. c 5. b
 
2. c 4. d 6. b
 
Iranslalion
(#JE Appendix III)
 
Appendix  I - 99 -
 

Language Practice
1. introduction
3. diverse
5. in cooperation with
7. At die start of
9. perceive
11. appropriate
13. component
15. thereby
17. exposure
19. matures
 
2. outlines
4. feasible
6. assembly
8. implications
10. realistic
12. by means of
14. implemented 16. permanent
15. equivalent 20. en route
 

 
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Sample Resume
...
Hong Qin
Rm. 316, New College Dormitory Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing, Jiangsu, 212000 Tel: (025) 9709399 Email: hqin @ yahoo.com.cn
Employment Objective
Reporter position wiUi a major newspaper or magazine
 

 
Education
Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2002
* Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale
* Proficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the Internet
* Courses taken included: 
Reporting Public Affairs Feature Writing
Computer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass Communication
Writing for Mass Communication     Advertising and Public Relations
 
- 100 - Appendix   I
World Press Systems Advanced Newspaper Design
Employment Experience
Reporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210005, June 2001 to August 2001
* Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columns
* Interviewed contributors both over the phone and in person
* Met every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports by
specified deadlines

Assistant Editor / Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, July, 2000 — present
* Responsible for reporting students' activities at Xuanwu University
* Developed fortnightly stories without missing a single deadline
Awards
Second Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in Nanjing, 2001 Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2000
Professional Interests
Member of the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province. Vice chairman of the Students' Union at Xuanwu University, Proficient in both Chinese and English
References and writing samples available upon request.
Unit 3
i
Part I  Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear was written by one of a group of four singers known as the
 
Appendix   I - 101 -
Silhouettes. He wrote the song back in the 1950s, shortly after leaving the army. It is easy to imagine that it may well reflect his own experience of suddenly finding himself having to look for a job. If the song is anything to go by, his wife was largely unsympathetic, suspecting him of laziness and not trying hard enough. Every morning she would get him out of bed, telling him to get a job; every breakfast she would throw the paper down in front of him, pointing out the jobs he could apply for. And when he got home at the end of the day without having had any success she would accuse him of lying about his job hunting, suspecting, no doubt, that he had not bothered to try. Do you think he did? What does it sound like to you?
Silhouettes—Get a Job
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yip
Mum mum mum mum mum mum
Get a jot Sna na na na, sna na na na na
Every morning about this time
she get me out of my bed
a-crying get a job.
Alter breakfast, every day,
she throws the want ads right my way
And never fail s to say,
Get a job Sha na na na, sba na na na na
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Sha na na na, sha na na na na,
Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yip
Mum mum mum mum mum mum
Get a job Sha na na na, sha na na na na
And when I get the paper
I read it through and through
And my girl never fails to say
If there is any work for me,
 
- 102 - Appendix  I
• And when I go tack to the house
I hear the woman's mouth Preaching and a crying, Tell me that I'm lying 'Lout a job That I never could rind. Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yip    • Mum mum mum mum mum mum Get a job Sha na na na, sha na na na na
Part II Text A
hx\ Organization 1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-6 A recent college graduate failed to answer the questions at an interview because of lack of preparation.
Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee
Part Three Paras 28-31 Everyone should make his or her own tracks in whatever he or she does.
2.

Suggestions Examples
1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player
3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does. 3) the four-minute mile, the New York
 Marathon and the Vietnam veteran
4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) New York cabdrivers
 
Appendix   1 - 108-
Vocabulary
I. 1.  1) generously 2) physically
3) structure 4) partition
5) blurted out 6) chuckling
7) pried 8) prospective
9) jet 10) sparkled
11) took a crack at 12) partner
13) made a (big) difference 14) beyond his wildest dream.
15) employment
2. 1) go after 2) look back on/at
3) be put up 4) count on
5) was handed down 6) follow up
7) bring about 8) broke into
3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.
2) In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it.
3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon.
4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.
5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, as
well as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.
2) In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers for the work.
3) Time is money, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy.
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)
2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoid repetition)
3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she
 
- 104 - Appendix   I
would get $10.00 every week, (clean)
4. Since the Smiths' business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of busi-ness in Canada, (get along)
5. If you are prepared, you can certainly do the job. (perform or complete <a job>)
6. Knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete <an action or a job>)
7. When I asked John why he does philosophy, he said that he does it simply because he finds it interesting, (study)
8. A small piece of cake will do for me, thanks, (be enough)
9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear, (be acceptable)
III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I'll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way. I have some-thing here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way. I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris has been back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Structure
1. 1) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, the institution needs better management
rather than more money.
2) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, our schools have focused on tests to such an extent that the students hardly have any time left to participate in creative activities.
3) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, we can't judge people by appearance only, because clothes don't always reflect someone's personality.
4) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, talent just comes from doing something often enough.
2. 1) Sleep is a never ending task that has to be done at least once every couple of days, if not every
day.
2) As I see it, pre-school children who are taught at home by their parents do at least as well as, if not better than, those educated at nursery schools.
 
Appendix   1 - 105 -
 
3) It is difficult, if not impossible, for most people to think otherwise than in the fashion of their own period.
4) I have reasons to believe that most applicants, if not all of them, will have done their home-work before the interview.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
2. interview
4. done your homework
6. structure
8. from the standpoint 10. deadline
12. follow UD
(A)
1. prospective
3. As I see it
5. endeavor
7. take a crack
9. employment
11. make a difference
(B)

1. matter 2. to
3. not 4. possible
5. can 6. interview
7. ask 8. copies
9. If 10. preparing
11. what 12. kinds
13. take 14. Prior
15. whether 16. fit
II. Translation
Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.
 
- 106 - Appendix  I
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check
1. b 2. c
3. a 4. a
5. a 6. b
Translation
(#£ Appendix III)

Language Practice 
1. excerpt 2. intricate
3. took away 4. came at
5. outer 6. administration
7. dictates 8. benign
9. get in 10. Foundation
11. scraps 12. was wrenched
13. brand 14. occupy
15. carved 16. coiled
17. impression 18. quivered
19. take on 20. put in a word
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Sample Application Letter
Rm. 316, New College Dormitory
Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road
Nanjing, Jiangsu, 212000
Tel: (025) 9709399
Email: hqin@yahoo.com.cn
August 25, 2002
 
Appendix  I - 107-
Dr. Guoliang Li
Director of the Human Resources Office
Shanghai Star
20F, Huaihai Building
200 Huaihai Road (Middle)
Shanghai 200021
Dear Dr. Li,
In searching for employment opportunities on the Internet, I learned of a job vacancy in the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your newspaper. I believe that my qualifications match the requirements you have listed for the position.
As a journalism major at Xuanwu University in Nanjing, my academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and editing skills, particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college, English, Reporting Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations have been my favor-ite subjects. I would like to utilize my interests and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as well-known as your own.
My resume reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research work and reporting. I greatly enjoyed work as a profes-sional reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines, all of which I successfully met.
I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was admitted to the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province last year. I was the vice chairman of the Students' Union in my university for two years. The enclosed resume provides further information about my experi-ence and background.
I wonder if it would be possible for us to meet one of these days so that you could learn more about me and I could find out more about the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025) 9709399 Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Hong Qin
 
-106- Appendix   1
Unit 4
Part I  Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The memory stands as a painful reminder of what society expected of Juanita Brooks, a biracial woman born in a race-conscious America more than 50 years ago.
It was 1969, and a 22-year-old Brooks had moved from New York City to Miami, where she applied for a teaching position. Upon learning of Brooks' biracial background, the school's principal said, "This could be our secret if you request."
The principal's assumption that Brooks was ashamed of her black heritage echoed what society expected at the time — for a biracial woman to choose one race over another.
"He assumed I wanted to pass for white," said Brooks. "I didn't take the job because of that statement."
Brooks' fair complexion and straight, brown hair make it easy to be perceived as white. But when faced with a choice, it was her black roots she embraced. After all, her birth certificate said she was black. And for years, either she or her parents checked the "black" box on U.S. Census forms.
Why? Because Brooks' lineage is European American and African American. Historically, a person with any "ascertainable" amount of "negro" blood was considered black. This method of counting people of mixed-race heritage dates to the Civil War era, and often is referred to as the "one drop" rule.
"Society was telling me who I was," she recalled.
It wasn't until last year that Brooks officially could claim to be both races. Because of changes in federal guidelines for collecting statistics, Census 2000 was the first that allowed people to identify themselves as more than one race. There were 63 racial combinations to choose from, and almost 7 million Americans checked more than one, according to national census figures.
Brooks, 54, checked African American and white.
 
Appendix   I - 109 -
"As the years go on, society's views broaden," she said. "Fifty years ago, society had a narrow view concerning race. The word biracial ... wasn't even thought of."
But new views have emerged. The younger generation is more diverse, and multiracial, multiethnic people are seeing themselves in a different light.
"What I now claim is that I am (all) white and I am (all) black," Brooks said.
"And in terms of my self image, it fits. But for many years before that, there was always the question of where do I belong."
Part II Text A
Text Organization l.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-5 America is not declining, but is in the process of creating a new collage-like civilization.
Part Two Paras 6-21 Los Angeles is a good example of such a collage.
Part Three Paras 22-24 There is something in America that acts as "glue" to piece different parts together to make the American collage: the chance to try.

Things of Symbolic Value Standing for
Los Angeles a new civilization
a PC company in Orange County a fusion of Third World cultures with the most modern mentalities and technologies
a person born in Los Angeles (according to Jose Vasconcelos) a citizen of the world
America in the eyes of immigrants a place where you always have a chance to try
 
- 110 - Appendix   I
Vocabulary
I.  1.  1) plural 2) debt
3) thesis 4) inevitably
5) historical 6) precedents
7) constructive 8) destructive
9) ethnic 10) combination
11) stagnant 12) destiny
13) discourage 14) from the perspective of
15) in the (medical) sense
2. 1) leave behind 2) show up
3) go over 4) knock off
5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away 7) took in 8) keep up with
3. 1) Cooperation between nurse and patient is essential for infection in the hospital to be kept
effectively under control.
2) Chinese people in ancient times had a sense that their country was at the center of the world and so called it "the Middle Kingdom".
3) A strong network of mentors, women and men, has helped me at various stages in my career.
4) We need to have/develop a conception of ourselves in the universe not as the master species but as the servant species: as the one being given responsibility for the whole and for the good of the whole.
5) We have cut the remark out of the program lest it should offend the listeners.
4. 1) With the economy in decline, a negative, pessimistic mentality will continue to undervalue
good and profitable companies, thus paralyzing the stock market.
2) In his business style he bears many of the characteristics of an immigrant — including a strong, sometimes ruthless, desire to succeed. Maybe that is why he has achieved such unbelievable success.
3) Scholars of Confucianism are agreed that it is not so much a religion as a guide to a system of political organization, which emphasizes the values of cooperation with others and readi-ness to compromise and submerge one's own ideas in a broader and more popularly ac-ceptable solution.
 
Appendix  I -111-
 
■
2. as
4. like/as
6. as
8. as
II. Confusable Words
1. like/as
3. like
5. as/like
7. like
III. Usage
1. Historically speaking, it was mountaineers from Britain who opened up the central part of the valley in the heyday of Victorian adventure.
2. Scientifically speaking, the experiment is of great interest.
3. Generally speaking, it will take about three weeks to build the model.
4. Strictly speaking, no language is completely translatable into another.
Structure
1. 1) It is very useful knowing several foreign languages when you are traveling abroad.
2) It is quite futile trying to reason with him — he just won't listen.
3) It is funny watching Granny dancing such a lively dance.
4) It is nice working with her.
2. 1) his determination to realize his ideals
2) a desire to follow in his footsteps.
3) reached a decision to walk back
4) failure to properly educate its children
 
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. on the decline
3. for the first time
5. essential
7. destiny
9. ethnic
(B)
1. born
 
2. historical
4. mentality
6. discouraged
8. immigrants
10. combination
2. about
 
- 112 - Appendix  I
3. against 4. because
5. Only 6. would
7. then 8. not
9. time 10. if
11. come 12. ones
13. raised/born 14. here
15. so/therefore 16. both
17. to
II. Translation
Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role.
He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interper-sonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disre-spect, the whole society may be paralyzed.
I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
1. c 2. b
3. c 4. d
5. a 6. c
Translation
(#J1 Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. ethic 2. memorial
 
Appendix   1 - 113
3. dwell 4. mysterious
5. Contrary 6. blur
7. Presumably 8. was dwarfed
9. originate 10. applaud
11. derive 12. category
13. shortly after 14. misery
15. entity 16. streak
17. live on 18. lead to
19. in exile 20. what of
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model Paper
Learning about Other Cultures
If you want to get along with people from other nations, then learning their language alone is not enough. You also have to master their customs. Invited home by a Western friend for dinner, for example, you may well politely refuse when offered more food by your host, even though you would really like some more. If you do, you may well go hungry, for your host is quite likely not to offer again and may remove the dish from the table. Pressing a guest to take more after the guest has refused is considered bad manners in some Western countries rather than being the duty of a considerate host.
Such differences in customs take time to discover. We often are so used to our own ways of doing things that it just does not occur to us that elsewhere people have altogether different ideas about what is proper and what is not. Yet the ability to mix at ease with people from different cultural backgrounds is becoming all the more necessary in a world that is growing ever smaller.
(184 words)