谈英语中的修辞倒装

甘肃省通渭县寺子中学 朱建民

 

1.当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首当不修饰状语时用正常语序。

Only in this way can we learn English well.（倒装）

You can learn English well only in this way.（正常）

Only thus can we finish the job ahead of the schedule.

2.never等具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居于句首时用倒装，不居于句首时用正常语序。

常用词组有：

never  ,  seldom  , rarely ,   little  ,  scarcely  ,   hardly ,     not  ,  nowhere         not often  ,not a bit ,  not until , still less,  on no account ,  not on any account ,  hardly…when… , no sooner…than … , on no consideration ,  neither…nor… , in no circumstances  ,under no circumstances , in no way,   not on one’s life , at no time , in no case, ,  by no means  , not infrequently ,, not once or twice , , not only…

Not infrequently does she go downtown.

Not often do they meet.

Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.

注意：如果放在句首的否定词修饰句子的主语，构成主语的一部分，则不用倒装。例如：

Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

Not a word was said.

但Not a word did I say at the meeting.我在会上一句话也没说。（not 修饰谓语动词）

3.英语中有的让步状语从句可用as ,though等引起的倒装结构，其结构一般为“形容词（副词，动词，分词）+as(though)+主语+谓语”

Young as she is, she has seen much of the world.

Try as I might, I could not bring him round.

4.为加强语气，“so(such)…that”结构中的so 或such 位于句首时用到装；to such a degree, to such lengths等介词短语位于句首时也要用倒装。

So far did he walk that none of us was his equal.

=He walked so fast that none of us was his equal.

5.为使句子平衡或上下文衔接用到装。

 （1）主语较长，为使句子平衡，倒装表语。

On the floor were piles of books, magazines and newspapers.

Seated on the ground were group of students playing guitars.

(2)倒装宾语以求强调

What man has done man can do.前人所能做的，后人也能做。

What he did I cannot imagine.我想象不出他做了什么。

(3)为使句子与上下文衔接紧密

6.为了生动地描写动作，in，out，away，up，down，off等副词可以放在句首倒装。

   Away flew the bird!

 Down went the boat.

注意：上述结构主语为代词，则用正常语序。

Away they went.

Over it turns.

7.在比较状语从句和方式主语从句中用倒装.

在复合句中，than 或as 引导的分句，如果谓语动词或表语省略，且是两个句子的主语相比较时，要用到装，助动词放在主语前。

She works as hard as does anyone else in the factory.

John will give you more than will Jack.

8. not it 结构

在否定回答中，not有时放在主语前面。

——“Will it rain“

——“Not it”(=It will not rain.)

练一练

1. Never______before.

A. I have seen him.   B. .I had seen him

C. have I seen him   D. did I see him

2. Seldom   ____ at night.

A. he goes out                          B. does he go out

C. he has gone out                       D. has he done out

3. Not only _____a promise, but also he kept it.

A. did he make                    B. made he

C. dose he made                   D. has he made

4. Only in this way ___succeed.

A.   You can                     B. you will

C. can you                      D. did you

5. The door opened and ____

A. in came Mr Wang                           B.  came in Mr Wang  

C. Mr Wang came in                          D. in came he

6. On the rope ____some clothes.

A. is hanging                                 B. hangs

C. hanged                                     D.  are hanging

7.____,  She is very brave.

A. Girl as she is                              B. As is she a girl

C. A girl as she is                             D. Girl as is she

8.  Little ____that he was in ganger.

A. he is known                               B. did he know

C. is he know                               D.  do he know

9. No sooner____ than he came in.

A. has the bell rung                        B. did the bell rung

C. rang the bell                           D. had the bell rang

10. Here______.

A. comes he                           B. comes our teacher

C. he is coming                        D. our teacher will come

11.─You like singing and dancing.
　─____.
　A. So do I　           B. So I do　        

C.I do so　            D. do I so
12.Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady. ____.
　A .So my mother is 　B .So is my mother
　C .Is my mother so 　D .my mother so is
13.The fairy story "Snow White" is very interesting. ____.
　A. So it is ____　B. So is it　C .it is so 　D .is it so
14.You didn't go for an outing at the seashore. ____.
　A. Neither do I　B .Neither did I　C.I didn't neither　D .Did neither I
15. Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. ____.
　A. So it was with Engels　B. So was Engels　

C. So Engels was　D .Was Engels so
16.─Look.There ____.
　─Oh, there ____.
　A. comes the bus; comes it　B. the bus comes; it comes
　C .comes the bus; it comes　D .the bus comes; comes it
17.Not until ____ sixteen ____ to school.
　A. he was; did he go　B. he was; he went
　C. was he; he did go　D .was he; went he
18.Not until the next morning ____.
　A. did Mary come back　B .Mary came back
　C .came Mary back　D. came back Mary
19.Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
　A .had he got home　B .he had got home
　C .had got home he　D .he home had got
20.No sooner ____ than he fell asleep.
　A .his head had touched the pillow
　B .had his head touched the pillow

C .touched the pillow his head had

D. touched the pillow had his head
21.Little ____.
　A. did I think of it 　 B.I thought of it
　C. did think I of it 　 D .thought of it I
22.Seldom ____.
　A. LiLi her feelings showed　B .did show LiLi her feelings
　C .LiLi showed her feelings　D .did LiLi show her feelings
23.Never before in her life ____ such beautiful and precious jewelry.
　A .he saw 　　B. did he see　C. has she seen 　 D .she has seen
24.Many a time ____ the chess competition.
　A .had taken he part in 　 B .he taken part in had
　C. had he taken part in 　 D .he had taken part in
25.So busy ____ that he has no time to spare.
　A .he was　　　 B .was he 　　　C. he is　　　 D. is he
26.____ with a bunch of flowers in her hand.
　A.A girl in came　　　 B .Came in a girl
　C .In came a girl　　　 D.A girl came in
27.Out ____.
　A .from behind a tall tree ran a little boy
　B. from behind a tall tree a little boy ran
　C .ran a little boy from behind a tall tree
　D .a little boy ran from behind a tall tree
28.In the clear blue sky ____.
　A .does shine the bright moon.　B .the bright moon does shine
　C. shines the bright moon　D .the bright moon shines
29.Only in this way ____.
　A. we can well do it　　　 B .can we well do it
　A. we can do it well　　　 D. can we do it well
30.Only when he has finished his homework ____.
　A. is able to he play with his friends for a while
　B. he able to play with is his friends for a while
　C .is he able to play with his friends for a while
　D. he is able to play with his friends for a while
31.____, he continued his study.
　A. Late as it was 　 　　　B. As it was late
　C .Late although it was 　 D. Although was it late
32.Next door to us ____.
　A. lives an old man, who is an overseas Chinese
　B. does an old man live ,who is an overseas Chinese
　C. an old man lives who is an overseas Chinese
　D. an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live
33.____ as young as you, I would study hard.
　A. Was I　　　 B. Were I 　　　C. If I am　　　 D. If I was
34.____ so hard, they wouldn't have won such great success.
　A. Hasn't they trained　 B .If they hasn't train
　C. Hadn't they trained　 D .If they didn't train
35.Not a single word ____ when he left.
　A. did speak he　 B. spoke he 　C. did he speak　 D. he spoke
36.─I don't think I can walk any further.
　 ─____. Let's stop here for a rest."
　A. Neither am I　 B. Neither can I
　C.I think so 　　D.I don't think so
37.Be quick! ____.
　A. The bus comes here 　 B. The bus here comes
　C. Here the bus comes 　 D. Here comes the bus
38.John's not been to London. ____.
　A. Ben isn't either 　 B. Neither is Ben
　C. Nor Ben has　D. Neither has Ben
39.The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply. ____.
　A. Charlie does so 　 B. Charlie did so
　C. So does Charlie 　 D. So did Charlie
40.____, he does not know the answer.
　A. As  Mr Smith is a teacher　B. As  Mr Smith is teacher
　C.A teacher as Mr Smith is　D. Teacher as Mr Smith is
41.____ so busy, I should go with you.
　A. Were I not　 　 B. Was I not 　C. If I am not　 　D.I were not
42.In the front of the classroom ____.
　A. is the desk for the teacher　B. has the desk of the teacher
　C.it is a desk for the teacher　D. has it a desk of the teacher
43.On the top of the hill ____.
　A. does a temple stand　 B. a temple stands there
　C. stands a temple　 　　D. a temple stands
44.Not only ____ but also she likes singing.
　A. she likes painting　　　　 B. does she like painting
　C. likes painting she　　　　 D. she does like painting
45.Now ____.
　A. comes your turn　 B. does your turn come
　C. your turn comes　 D. your turn does come
 

 

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