“吊尾介词”用法透视
(2009-06-17 19:58:29)
标签:
吊尾介词用法杂谈 |
分类: 英语词汇总结 |
“吊尾介词”用法透视
请看下面的选择题:
A. by
解析:不定式“to stand+ 介词” 作定语,修饰a tall box, 其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词stand发生的平面。故正确的介词选项为B。这种出现在一个句子或短语的结尾的介词称之为“吊尾介词”。吊尾介词的使用易受汉语表达的负迁移影响,考生务必要小心使用。
关于“吊尾介词”使用的场合:
1.定语从句中,先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰,则不及物动词后要带介词。先行词被“动词+介词”组成的短语动词所修饰,介词常在句尾。例如:
He is the very man I just
speak to.
This is the life he is used
to.
I found a house we could
live in.
2.以what , whose ,who, whatever
I can’t imagine what it is
like.
I don’t know what you do it for. 我不知道你为什么做它。
I wondered whose house he was
in.
3. 强调句型和特殊疑问句中,由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现吊尾介词。
It is Comrade Lei Feng that (who) we are learning from.
我们正在学习的是雷锋同志。
It was the poor boy that we gave the books to .我们把书给的是穷男生。
What are you listening to? 你在听什么?
在上下文意义清楚时,特殊疑问句常用简略结构。例如:
What for? Where to?
4.不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带“吊尾介词”。例如:
a room to live in
He is a good comrade to
work with.
There is nothing for us to worry about. 没有我们可以担忧的。
5. 某些形容词后接“不及物动词+介词” 型 短语动词的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介词。
①fit ,easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy等形容词后。
The river is good to swim
in.
The room is comfortable to
live in.
②be worth doing , be worthy of being done /to be done, want (require, need) doing 表反射,常用吊尾介词。例如:
The problem is worth
dealing with.
The lost watch is not worth looking for. 丢失的表不值得一找。
The book is worthy of being referred to. 这本书值得参考。
The little boy needs
looking after
6.被动语态中“动词+介词”型 短语动词常有吊尾介词。例如:
He was listened to to come here. 听到他来这儿了。
He has never been spoken to in this way. 别人从来没有以这种方式和他说过话。