马克·吐温的《我的梦中情人》短片小说赏析

                                                                  ICECLEAN变亮

摘要

总所周知，马克•吐温是一个多产的作家，一生共写过28部书和大量短篇小说及幽默速写，他的作品风格幽默诙谐，口语使用广泛而被称赞，但他的《My Platonic Sweetheart》却一反常态，用唯美、安静的语言描写了一个极其美妙的故事。在这片故事中，作者用第一人称“我”的视角，通过做梦这个虚幻的方式，去释放作者内心的思忖。马克•吐温一生坎坷波澜，而正是这种跌宕起伏的人生经历，才给了他寻找心灵慰藉的机会和舞台。在作者看来现实充满了诸多不确定的因素，而且现实世界里的自我往往和梦幻虚拟形成了鲜明的对比。作者正是怀揣着对梦幻虚拟生活的无限憧憬，而被现实的残酷所包围，无奈地去表达现代人对梦幻乌托邦的神往和追求。

马克•吐温，真名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯（Samuel Langhorne Clemens），1853年11月出生于密苏里州的福罗里达镇。4岁时全家搬到密西西比河上的汉尼拔小镇，并在那里长大。马克•吐温在12岁就没有了父爱，父亲在他12岁时死于肺炎。父亲的过早过世让马克•吐温体会到了和其他孩子不一样的少年时代。他一度辍学当了一名学徒排字工。14岁他在哥哥的报社当了排字工，正是这个机会让马克•吐温开始学习，并开始接触写作。后来马克•吐温曾经做过领航员，金矿勘探者，记者等，前半生的丰富的社会阅历给马克•吐温后半生的写作提供了广泛的写作素材和丰富的思想情感。1863年，他开始用马克•吐温作为笔名从事创作。如果说一个作家要想成名的话，除了他个人的写作魅力和个人才华，朋友和别人的支持也是一个作家能够不断创作下去的必要条件，也正是小说家布莱特。哈特的鼓励，马克•吐温于1867年出版了第一部短篇小说《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙以其他故事》（The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches）。正是这篇以幽默诙谐风格为主的作品让马克•吐温一举成名。1869年，他当记者时所写采访报道结集出版，名为《傻子国外旅游记》（The Innocent Abroad）。1870年马克•吐温和纽约州的一个资本家的女儿薇娅•兰登结婚，他们共同生活了34年，并有三个女儿。

马克•吐温的这篇《My Platonic Sweetheart》写于他的晚年，文章故事中的一切动人的美丽与这位６３岁老人百感交集的叙述，应该说，会让读者与叙述者一起抵达或接近柏拉图的世界，一种属于精神的世界。马克·吐温在《My Platonic Sweetheart》中这样叙述：“第一次遇上她时，我１７岁，她１５岁。她唤我乔治，我称她艾丽丝。”马克。吐温感到自己的血肉之躯来到一千二百英里一个宁静轻柔的村庄。落日，斜桥。木栏，草莓，一只蓝知更鸟，一只翘着尾巴沿着木栅冲向鸟儿的灰鼠。马克.吐温的梦境无微不止，情人的氛围弥漫在他所至的每一处空间.“起初，我落后他五尺，但马上——连腿都没抬一下——我就来到她身边。”空间的距离对乔治和艾丽丝来说，是全然不存在的，以为事情本当如此似的。当他挽住她的腰，尽管素味平生，他感到自己的举止也完全合乎自然，她仰起一张盈盈笑脸，似乎他的吻和她的接受不只充满了无限欢欣，而且完全是应顺着自然的本意。这是何等美妙、高尚和令人满足！这中间不存在狂热或矫情等如此一类的情人副本。
　　接下去是梦醒之后的世界，长长的理念之外的影子世界，烦恼和媚俗的灰色世界，人去楼空的虚无世界，马克·吐温如此忧伤。
　　十年之后，也就是马克·吐温２９岁那年的某一天，马克·吐温在另一梦里找回了她。我又是１７岁，她依然是１５岁，我叫杰克，她为海伦。她仍那么美，一如十年前少女的年轻、甜美、天真,仍是属于她的。此刻，马克•吐温的内心没有边界，也没有生死之隔……然而，梦又一次惊醒，心灵的真实又一次失落。
　　又是三十年过去了，在马克•吐温出名后，演讲、出书、接待以及被现实的种种弄得颓然之际，梦又开始了，她依然是１５岁，我１７岁。她是阿格妮丝，我是罗伯特。他们游荡在夏威夷群岛一条鲜花盛开的峡谷里，一路采撷着姜类植物美丽的花，亲密无间地畅叙着，各自将对方的帽带和领结整理了又整理，虽然毫无必要。一切显得如此单纯、自然、美好；一切都是不必究其原因，而决然是真实的。因为一切都直抵“情人”的本质。
　　直到最后，马克·吐温才明白，梦的印痕难以磨灭。那永远不会失去光泽的湖，那不能摧毁的树林，闪亮的小溪，落日掩映的群山，梦中的情人才是魂萦牵绕的真正情人，梦中的一切在心灵上是真实的。而人们的日常生活不得不套上一副虚伪的面具，在一个暧昧迷茫的世界里行事，所表现的种种情态只不过是对心灵世界的拙劣摹写。
　　艾丽丝、海伦、阿格妮丝这些自然唤出的名字作为符号，是无所谓的；马克•吐温虽留心到的她的眼睛和头发的变化，但以为这没有什么差异；连属于他们的缠绕着青藤的木屋，宁静的草场，如茵的小路，空气中的清香，甚至亲密的言语都可以忽略。“拉克斯──奥哈──塔尔”这样的梦中语所发出的一串音节，马克•吐温认为，用不着翻译与解释就可直悟，简直可以直达事物的本质，体验其中动人心魄的美丽。
　　于是，马克·吐温一次次沉醉于梦乡，感到这才是他真正的生活。日常的一切都不及梦来得深沉、浓烈、敏锐、真实和美好。马克•吐温甚至这样认为，如果死后能登上梦乡的彼岸，那真实的自我才可以自由地展示,用不着担心梦醒后感到无路可走的痛苦。
　　现在我可以作如下判断：马克·吐温的梦中情人是他的情之所钟，是“情人”一词的本质，即柏拉图的“情人”理念所在。从我们日常生活看，梦中的故事是不可思议的，是一种幻觉。但就确定“情人”一词的真实性来说，梦醒后违反人性与装腔作势的种种状态，也许更荒唐。观察一下我的若干朋友周围的情人们，作为理念的副本又是如此的不可靠。马克·吐温告诉我们，幻觉能直抵事物的本质，成为永恒。

这是一个极其美妙的故事。其中梦幻和现实的强烈对比，既清晰地照应出作者一生对真善美的不懈追求，也颇为残酷的告诉人们，美仅存在于梦中的香格里拉，于现实无缘。故事中的“我”，颠沛流泪，浪迹天涯，可说是作者前半生，特别是未成名前的真实写照。这个“我”只能于随时可至的白日梦中与梦中情人相会，获得片刻的心灵和情感慰藉。故事写的颇为凄美，然而梦境中的氛围有无不令人神往。那超越时空，超越历史和现实阻隔的梦境，不正是人类世代追求的理想之乌托邦吗？

马克•吐温用浪漫的理想版本，表达了贞洁的爱，这也体现了柏拉图于精神之爱深刻的关系，以一个美好的恋情的关系反应了作者在梦想与现实之间的矛盾，被外表轻易欺骗，现实中充满了丑陋，梦境中的美丽又充满了那么多的不确定性，体现了现实中没有永恒的本质。这也体现了马克•吐温个人生活中的各种不确定性。这篇小说也表现了一种美与丑的对比，表现了一种差距美学，用美学的角度去揭露现实的丑陋和残酷。

Mark Twain's " My Platonic Sweetheart " short story Appreciation
 
                                  

                            
Abstract

As we all known , Mark Twain is a prolific writer, in his whole life were written 28 books and numerous short stories and humorous sketches, his work style is humor and spoken widely used and has been praised. But his "My Platonic Sweetheart” uncharacteristically, with a beautiful, quiet language to describe a very wonderful story. In this story, the authors use the first person "I" perspective, this illusory way through the dream, to contemplate the release of the author's heart. Mark Twain's life rough waves and it is such ups and downs of life experiences, which gave him the opportunity to find spiritual sustenance and the stage. In the author's view of reality is full of many uncertain factors, but often the real world and fantasy virtual self in stark contrast. It carries the author of life, unlimited virtual dream vision, and was surrounded by the cruel reality, but to go on the dream of modern people and the pursuit of utopian longing.

 Key Words:   Mark Twain  lover  dream

Mark Twain, real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1853 was born in Missouri in November's Florida town. 4 years old the family moved to Hannibal on the Mississippi River town where he grew up. 12-year-old Mark Twain, there is no father, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 12 he. His father's premature death to Mark Twain understands the other children and youth are not the same. He once dropped out of school when the work an apprentice compositor. 14-year-old newspaper in his brother's work became a typesetter, it is this opportunity for Mark Twain begin to learn, and came into contact with writing. Mark Twain had done was pilot, gold prospector, reporter, etc., the first half of the rich social experience for later life Mark Twain's writing provide a wide range of writing materials and a wealth of thoughts and feelings. In 1863, he began as a pen name Mark Twain engage in writing. If a writer in order to become famous, then, in addition to writing his personal charm and personal talent, friends and other people's support is also a creative writer can continue to go on a necessary condition; it is also a novelist Brett. Hart's encouragement, Mark Twain in 1867 published his first short story "The Jumping Frog of Calaveras County to other well-known story" (The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches). This style of humor is mainly in the works for Mark • Twain fame. In 1869, he wrote a reporter interviews and reports published in book form, called "fool foreign tourist in mind" (The Innocent Abroad). 1870 Mark Twain and New York the daughter of a capitalist Weiya Langdon married, they lived together for 34 years and have three daughters.

Mark Twain's this "My Platonic Sweetheart" written in his later years, the article all the moving story of a beautiful 63-year-old mixed feelings with this narrative, it should be said, let the reader and narrator with the arrival or close to Plato's world, a part of the spirit world. Mark Twain "My Platonic Sweetheart" in this statement: "The first time she met when I was 17, her 15-year-old she call me George, I called her Alice." Mark. Twain was his own flesh and blood to twelve hundred miles a quiet gentle village. Sunset, bridge of. Mulan, strawberries, a blue robin, a bird tilted toward the tail of the squirrel along the Mucha. Mark Twain's dream no more than slightly; his lover of the emotional atmosphere filled every space. "At first, he was five feet behind me, but quickly - even the legs did not look up - I came to her side.”Spatial distance of George and Alice, it is completely non-existent, so that when things like this. When he took her waist, even though prime taste his life, he felt his behavior is entirely consistent with natural, she looked up and a graceful smile, his kiss, and she seems to accept not only filled with infinite joy, and be completely smooth the intention of nature. This is what a wonderful, noble and satisfying! This intermediate does not exist, or hypocritical and other fanatical lover copy of such a class.

      Next was the wake up after the world, the idea of the long shadow of the world outside, boredom and kitsch of the gray world, empty world of nothingness, Mark Twain so sad.

      Ten years later, Mark Twain is 29 years old one day, Mark Twain back in another dream of her. I was 17 years old, she is still 15 years old, and my name is Jack, her Helen. She is still so beautiful, like ten years ago, a young girl, sweet, innocent, still belongs to her. At the moment, Mark Twain heart no borders, no life and death across the ... ... However, the dream woke again, another lost soul's true.

     Is three years later, in the famous Mark Twain .After the lecture, a book, reception, and confused by all the real slumped on the occasion, the dream began, she is still 15 years old, I am 17 years old. She is Agnes, I am Robert. They loiter in the Hawaiian Islands in flower-filled valleys, all the way to pick a beautiful flower ginger plants, intimate to cheerfully with, each other's cap will put together another band and bow tie finishing, though unnecessary. Everything seemed so simple, natural, and beautiful; everything is not reason, but decidedly true. Because everything is straight "lover" in nature.

Until the end, Mark Twain came to understand, indelible imprint of dreams. It will never tarnish the lake, it cannot destroy the forests, sparkling streams, and sunset backdrop of mountains, dream lover is led around to weigh the true soul lover, the dream of all true in the spiritual off. The people's daily lives have to put a mask of hypocrisy, in a confused and ambiguous world of acting, the performance of various modalities is only the world's poor facsimile of the mind.

     Alice, Helen, Agnes natural evocative names such as symbols, does not matter; Mark Twain, although mindful of her eyes and hair changes, but thought it was no different; even belong to their haunted ivy's huts, quiet pastures, grass paths, the air fresh, and even intimate words can be ignored. "Lakes ─Rioja─ Tal" This dream language issued by a string of syllables, Mark Twain that do not need translation and interpretation can direct enlightenment, simply you can direct the nature of things, including moving experience breathtaking beauty.

     So, Mark Twain again and again indulge in dreams and feel this is his real life. And dream all day is not more deep, strong, sharp, true and beautiful. Mark Twain even think so, if death can sleep on board the other side, that true self can only be free to display, wake up and feel no need to worry about the pain of nowhere.

      Now I can make the following judgments: Mark Twain's dream lover is his love of the bell is the "lover" in nature, that Plato's "lover" concept. From the look of our daily lives, the dream story is incredible, is an illusion. But to determine the "lover" is the word of truth, wake up after all the posturing against humanity and the state, perhaps even more absurd. Look at some of my friends around the lovers, as the concept of copy is so unreliable. Mark Twain tells us, the illusion can be straight to the essence of things, as eternal.

       This is a very wonderful story. Which fantasy and reality in contrast, both authors clearly take care of the relentless pursuit of the sublime life, but also quite cruel to tell people that the United States exists only dream of Shangri-La, in reality missed. The story of "I", Dianne tears, wandering, author of the first half can be said, especially not a true portrayal of the former fame. The "I" can only be in at any time of day to dream and dreams meet, get a moment of spiritual and emotional comfort. Written quite poignant story, but dreams are all fascinating in the atmosphere. That transcend time and space, beyond the barrier of history and reality of the dream, is it not human generations of utopian ideals it?

       Mark Twain version with romantic ideals, expressed the love of chastity, which reflects the spirit of love in Plato's profound relationship to the romance of a beautiful relationship between the response to the author in the conflict between dream and reality, easily deceived by appearances, the reality is full of ugly, beautiful and full of dreams of so many uncertainties do not reflect the reality of the eternal nature. It also reflects the Mark Twain personal life in a variety of uncertainties. This novel also shows a comparison of beauty and ugliness, showing a gap between the aesthetic, with the aesthetic point of view to expose the real ugly and cruel.