Definitions

All defined terms are in italics and are listed alphabetically in the Definitions section.

定义

所有被定义的术语都用斜体表示，并按字母顺序列于规则集之“定义表”部分。

20-1. Lifting and Marking

A ball to be lifted under the Rules may be lifted by the player, his partner or another person authorized by the player. In any such case, the player is responsible for any breach of the Rules.

The position of the ball must be marked before it is lifted under a Rule that requires it to be replaced. If it is not marked, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke and the ball must be replaced. If it is not replaced, the player incurs the general penalty for breach of this Rule, but there is no additional penalty under Rule 20-1.

If a ball or ball-marker is accidentally moved in the process of lifting the ball under a Rule or marking its position, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the specific act of marking the position of or lifting the ball. Otherwise, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke under this Rule or Rule 18-2a.

Exception: If a player incurs a penalty for failing to act in accordance with Rule 5-3 or 12-2, there is no additional penalty under Rule 20-1.

Note: The position of a ball to be lifted should be marked by placing a ball-marker, a small coin or other similar object immediately behind the ball. If the ball-marker interferes with the play, stance or stroke of another player, it should be placed one or more clubhead-lengths to one side.

20-1. 拿球与标记球

依照规则允许被拿起的球应该由球员、其同伴或其它由该球员授权的人拿起。在此情况下，球员对所有违背规则的行为负有责任。

依照某规则要求对球进行重置时，在将球拿起之前，必须对其球位进行标记。如果未作标记，则该球员须接受加罚一杆的处罚，并且该球仍须被重置。如果未进行重置，则该球员接受本规则的通用处罚，但无须再承担规则20-1下的其他罚杆。

如果在依照某规则进行拿球或标记球位的过程中该球或其球位标记被意外移动，则该球或其球位标记须被重置。不受处罚，前提是该球或其球位标记的移动是直接出于标记球位或拿球的特定动作。否则，依本规则或规则18-2a该球员将被加罚一杆。

例外：如果球员因未遵照规则5-3 或12-2行事而接受处罚后，则无须再依规则20-1而受罚。

注: 对于即将被拿起的球，其球位应当通过在该球后方立即放置球位标记、小硬币或其它类似物的方式进行标记。如果该球位标记物影响其它球员打球、站位或击球，则应当在其一侧移动一个或多个杆头长度后放置。

20-2. Dropping and Re-Dropping

a. By Whom and How

A ball to be dropped under the Rules must be dropped by the player himself. He must stand erect, hold the ball at shoulder height and arm's length and drop it. If a ball is dropped by any other person or in any other manner and the error is not corrected as provided in Rule 20-6, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke.

If the ball when dropped touches any person or the equipment of any player before or after it strikes a part of the course and before it comes to rest, the ball must be re-dropped, without penalty. There is no limit to the number of times a ball must be re-dropped in these circumstances.

(Taking action to influence position or movement of ball - see Rule 1-2.)

b. Where to Drop

When a ball is to be dropped as near as possible to a specific spot, it must be dropped not nearer the hole than the specific spot which, if it is not precisely known to the player, must be estimated.

A ball when dropped must first strike a part of the course where the applicable Rule requires it to be dropped. If it is not so dropped, Rules 20-6 and 20-7 apply.

c. When to Re-Drop

A dropped ball must be re-dropped, without penalty, if it:

(i) rolls into and comes to rest in a hazard;
(ii) rolls out of and comes to rest outside a hazard;
(iii) rolls onto and comes to rest on a putting green;
(iv) rolls and comes to rest out of bounds;
(v) rolls to and comes to rest in a position where there is interference by the condition from which relief was taken under Rule 24-2b (immovable obstruction), Rule 25-1 (abnormal ground conditions), Rule 25-3 (wrong putting green) or a Local Rule (Rule 33-8a), or rolls back into the pitch-mark from which it was lifted under Rule 25-2 (embedded ball);
(vi) rolls and comes to rest more than two club-lengths from where it first struck a part of the course; or
(vii) rolls and comes to rest nearer the hole than:

(a) its original position or estimated position (see Rule 20-2b) unless otherwise permitted by the Rules; or
(b) the nearest point of relief or maximum available relief (Rule 24-2, 25-1 or 25-3); or
(c) the point where the original ball last crossed the margin of the water hazard or lateral water hazard (Rule 26-1).

If the ball when re-dropped rolls into any position listed above, it must be placed as near as possible to the spot where it first struck a part of the course when re-dropped.

Note 1: If a ball when dropped or re-dropped comes to rest and subsequently moves, the ball must be played as it lies, unless the provisions of any other Rule apply.

Note 2: If a ball to be re-dropped or placed under this Rule is not immediately recoverable, another ball may be substituted.

(Use of Dropping Zone - see Appendix I; Part B; Section 8.)

20-2. 抛球与重抛球

a. 抛球人与抛球方式

依照规则允许需要被抛的球必须由球员自己抛下。球员必须直立、将球举至与肩同高并保持手臂伸直，再行抛下。如果球由任何其他人员或者以任何其他方式抛下，并且未依照规则20-6之规定予以纠正，该球员将被加罚一杆。

如果球被抛下后在其触及球场部分之前或之后，但在其停下前，碰到了任何人或任何球员的装备，该球必须被重抛，不受处罚。在此情形下，抛球次数不受限制。

（采取动作以影响球的位置或移动——参见规则1-2。）

b. 抛球地点

当需要在尽量接近某一特定位置进行抛球时，该球不得在比该特定位置更靠近球洞的方向被抛下，如果该特定位置对球员来说无法精确知晓，则须进行估计。

有关规则要求抛球时，球被抛下后必须首先触及球场部分。如果未按此要求抛球，规则20-6 和20-7适用。

c. 重抛球时间

如果出现以下情况，被抛下的球必须被重抛，不受处罚：

(i) 滚入并且停留在障碍区内；
(ii) 滚出并且停留在障碍区之外；
(iii) 滚上并且停留在推杆果岭之上；
(iv) 滚出并且停留在界外；
(v) 滚至并且停留在依照规则24-2b（不可移动妨碍物）、规则25-1（异常地面条件）、规则25-3（错误推杆果岭）或者某当地规则（规则33-8a）而构成采取补救措施的条件的位置，或者回滚至依照规则25-2（下嵌球）而将球拿起后的球痕内。

(vi) 滚出并且停留在距该球首次触及球场的位置两倍杆头距离之外；或者
(vii) 滚向并且停留在比以下位置更靠近球洞的方向：

(a)     原球位或其估计位置（参见规则20-2b），除非规则另有允许；

(b)     最近补救点或最远可用补救点（规则24-2, 25-1或25-3）；或者

(c)      原用球最终跨越水障碍区或侧面水障碍区边界的点（规则26-1）。

如果球在被重抛以后滚入上述位置，则需要在尽量接近其重抛时首次触及球场部分的地点进行置球。

注1：如果抛球或重抛后球进入静止状态，又发生移动，则在其停留状态下打球。除非规则另有规定。

注2：如果依本规则需要被重抛或放置的球无法立即修复，可以另一粒球替代。

（使用抛球区——参见附则I；B部；第8节)

20-3. Placing and Replacing

a. By Whom and Where

A ball to be placed under the Rules must be placed by the player or his partner. If a ball is to be replaced, the player, his partner or the person who lifted or moved it must place it on the spot from which it was lifted or moved. If the ball is placed or replaced by any other person and the error is not corrected as provided in Rule 20-6, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke. In any such case, the player is responsible for any other breach of the Rules that occurs as a result of the placing or replacing of the ball.

If a ball or ball-marker is accidentally moved in the process of placing or replacing the ball, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the specific act of placing or replacing the ball or removing the ball-marker. Otherwise, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke under Rule 18-2a or 20-1.

If a ball to be replaced is placed other than on the spot from which it was lifted or moved and the error is not corrected as provided in Rule 20-6, the player incurs the general penalty, loss of hole in match play or two strokes in stroke play, for a breach of the applicable Rule.

b. Lie of Ball to Be Placed or Replaced Altered

If the original lie of a ball to be placed or replaced has been altered:

(i) except in a hazard, the ball must be placed in the nearest lie most similar to the original lie that is not more than one club-length from the original lie, not nearer the hole and not in a hazard;

(ii) in a water hazard, the ball must be placed in accordance with Clause(i) above, except that the ball must be placed in the water hazard;

(iii) in a bunker, the original lie must be re-created as nearly as possible and the ball must be placed in that lie.

c. Spot Not Determinable

If it is impossible to determine the spot where the ball is to be placed or replaced:

(i)through the green, the ball must be dropped as near as possible to the place where it lay but not in a hazard or on a putting green;

(ii) in a hazard, the ball must be dropped in the hazard as near as possible to the place where it lay;

(iii) on the putting green, the ball must be placed as near as possible to the place where it lay but not in a hazard.

Exception: When resuming play (Rule 6-8d), if the spot where the ball is to be placed is impossible to determine, it must be estimated and the ball placed on the estimated spot.

d. Ball Fails to Come to Rest on Spot

If a ball when placed fails to come to rest on the spot on which it was placed, there is no penalty and the ball must be replaced. If it still fails to come to rest on that spot:

(i) except in a hazard, it must be placed at the nearest spot where it can be placed at rest that is not nearer the hole and not in a hazard;

(ii) in a hazard, it must be placed in the hazard at the nearest spot where it can be placed at rest that is not nearer the hole.

If a ball when placed comes to rest on the spot on which it is placed, and it subsequently moves, there is no penalty and the ball must be played as it lies, unless the provisions of any other Rule apply.

Penalty for Breach of Rule 20-1, 20-2 or 20-3:
Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes.

20-3. 放置与重置球

a. 人员与地点

依规则需要放置的球须由球员或其同伴进行放置。而需要重置的球，球员、其同伴或将球拿起或移动的人员必须将球放置于该球被拿起或移动前的位置。如果该球由其他人员放置或重置，并且未依照规则20-6之规定予以纠正，球员将被加罚一杆。在此情形下，球员对于因放置或重置球而产生的任何其他违犯规则的行为负有责任。

如果在放置或重置球的过程中球或球位标记发生意外移动，该球或球位标记须被重置。不受处罚，前提是该球或球位标记的移动是直接出于放置或重置球或者移除球位标记的特定动作。否则，按照规则18-2a或20-1，球员将被加罚一杆。

如果需要被重置的球没有放置在该球被拿起或移动前的位置，并且没有按照规则20-6予以纠正，按照适用规则，球员将接受通用处罚，即比洞赛时本洞判负，比杆赛时加罚两杆。

b. 待放置或重置之球的停留状态发生改变

如果需要放置或重置之球的停留状态已经发生改变：

(i) 在障碍区之外，该球须被放置于尽量接近原球位（距离原球位不得超过一个杆头的距离），并且不得更靠近球洞方向，也不得位于障碍区之内；

(ii) 在水障碍区内，该球须按照上述条款(i)之规定进行放置，除非该球必须被放置于水障碍区内；

(iii) 在沙坑内，原球位须被尽量重建并且该球须被放置于此球位上。

c. 球位无法确定

如果无法确定放置或重置球的球位：

(i)在草地通道内，必须在尽量接近该球停留位置处进行抛球，且该位置不得处于障碍区之内或推杆果岭之上；

(ii) 在障碍区内，必须在该障碍区内尽量接近该球停留位置处进行抛球；

(iii) 在推杆果岭上，必须在尽量接近该球停留位置处进行抛球，但该位置不得处于障碍区之内。

例外：在恢复比赛时（规则6-8d）， 如果需被放置之球的球位无法确定，则须对该位置进行估计，并且将球放置于该估计位置。

d. 球无法停留

如果球在被放置后无法停留在该放置点上，不受处罚，并且该球须被重置。如果该球仍然无法停留，则：

(i) 在障碍区之外，该球须被放置于可以停留的最近位置且该位置不得更靠近球洞方向或处于障碍区内；

(ii) 在障碍区内，该球须被放置于该障碍区内可以停留的最近位置且该位置不得更靠近球洞方向。

如果被放置之球在放置点进入静止状态后发生移动，球员不受处罚，并且该球需要在其停留状态下被击打，除非其他规则另有规定。

违背规则20-1, 20-2或20-3之处罚：

比洞赛——本洞判负；比杆赛——加罚两杆。

20-4. When Ball Dropped or Placed Is in Play

If the player's ball in play has been lifted, it is again in play when dropped or placed.

A substituted ball becomes the ball in play when it has been dropped or placed.

(Ball incorrectly substituted - see 15-2.)
(Lifting ball incorrectly substituted, dropped or placed - see Rule 20-6.)

20-4. 抛球或置球后即成为比赛中球

如果球员的比赛中球曾被拿起，当该球被抛下或放置后又成为比赛中球。

替代球被抛下或放置后即成为比赛中球。

（以错误的方式替代球——参见规则15-2。）

（拿起以错误方式替代、抛下或放置之球——参见规则20-6。）

20-5. Making Next Stroke from Where Previous Stroke Made

When a player elects or is required to make his next stroke from where a previous stroke was made, he must proceed as follows:

a. On the Teeing Ground: The ball to be played must be played from within the teeing ground. It may be played from anywhere within the teeing ground and may be teed.

b.Through the Green: The ball to be played must be dropped and when dropped must first strike a part of the coursethrough the green.

c.In a Hazard: The ball to be played must be dropped and when dropped must first strike a part of the course in the hazard.

d.On the Putting Green: The ball to be played must be placed on the putting green.

Penalty for Breach of Rule 20-5:
Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes.

20-5. 在上一次击球处再行击球

当球员选择或被要求在其上一次击球处再行击球时，须按以下程序处置：

a. 球区：待打之球必须处于发球区之内。该球可以在发球区内任意位置击打，也允许架设球座。

b. 草地通道：待打之球必须进行抛球，并且该球在抛下时必须首先触及球场之草地通道部分。

c. 障碍区内：待打之球必须进行抛球，并且该球在抛下时必须首先触及该障碍区内之球场部分。

d. 推杆果岭：待打之球须被放置在推杆果岭之上。

违背规则20-5之处罚：

比洞赛——本洞判负；比杆赛——加罚两杆。

20-6. Lifting Ball Incorrectly Substituted, Dropped or Placed

A ball incorrectly substituted, dropped or placed in a wrong place or otherwise not in accordance with the Rules but not played may be lifted, without penalty, and the player must then proceed correctly.

20-6. 拿起以错误方式替代、抛下或放置之球

以错误方式替代或抛下、在错误的位置放置、或者是以其他不符合规则规定而进行处置的球，在其未被击打前，可以拿起，不受处罚，但此后球员必须进行正确处置。

20-7. Playing from Wrong Place

a. General

A player has played from a wrong place if he makes a stroke at his ball in play:

(i) on a part of the course where the Rules do not permit a stroke to be played or a ball to be dropped or placed; or

(ii) when the Rules require a dropped ball to be re-dropped or a moved ball to be replaced.

Note: For a ball played from outside the teeing ground or from a wrong teeing ground - see Rule 11-4.

b. Match Play

If a player makes a stroke from a wrong place, he loses the hole.

c. Stroke Play

If a competitor makes a stroke from a wrong place, he incurs a penalty of two strokes under the applicable Rule. He must play out the hole with the ball played from the wrong place, without correcting his error, provided he has not committed a serious breach (see Note 1).

If a competitor becomes aware that he has played from a wrong place and believes that he may have committed a serious breach, he must, before making a stroke on the next teeing ground, play out the hole with a second ball played in accordance with the Rules. If the hole being played is the last hole of the round, he must declare, before leaving the putting green, that he will play out the hole with a second ball played in accordance with the Rules.

If the competitor has played a second ball, he must report the facts to the Committee before returning his score card; if he fails to do so, he is disqualified. The Committee must determine whether the competitor has committed a serious breach of the applicable Rule. If he has, the score with the second ball counts and the competitor must add two penalty strokes to his score with that ball. If the competitor has committed a serious breach and has failed to correct it as outlined above, he is disqualified.

Note 1: A competitor is deemed to have committed a serious breach of the applicable Rule if the Committee considers he has gained a significant advantage as a result of playing from a wrong place.

Note 2: If a competitor plays a second ball under Rule 20-7c and it is ruled not to count, strokes made with that ball and penalty strokes incurred solely by playing that ball are disregarded. If the second ball is ruled to count, the stroke made from the wrong place and any strokes subsequently taken with the original ball including penalty strokes incurred solely by playing that ball are disregarded.

Note 3: If a player incurs a penalty for making a stroke from a wrong place, there is no additional penalty for substituting a ball when not permitted.

20-7. 从错误的位置打球

a. 一般条款

球员在以下情形下对其比赛中球进行击球时，构成在错误的位置打球：

(i) 在规则不允许进行击球、抛球或置球的球场部分；或

(ii) 在规则要求对被抛之球进行重抛或者对被移动之球进行重置时。

注：对于在发球区之外或在错误的发球区击打之球——参见规则11-4.

b. 比洞赛

如果球员从错误的位置击球，则本洞判负。

c. 比杆赛

如果参赛者从错误的位置进行击球，将依相应规则被处加罚两杆。除非严重犯规（参见注1），他须以错误位置所击打之球完成本洞，无须更正其错误。

如果参赛者意识到其已在错误的位置击球，并相信自己已严重犯规，则他必须在下一发球区进行击球前，用第二粒球依照规则要求完成本洞。如果该洞为本轮之最后一洞，则在离开推杆果岭前，他必须声明其将用第二粒球依照规则要求完成本洞。

如果参赛者已经击打了第二粒球，则在提交成绩卡以前，他必须向委员会报告该事实。委员会须就其是否严重犯规作出裁决。如果属于严重犯规，则以第二粒球成绩计算，并且须在该球成绩卡上加计两次罚杆。如果该参赛者已经严重犯规并且未按照上述要求更正其错误，则取消资格。

注1：如果委员会认为参赛者因为在错误的位置击球而获得了明显优势，则可以判定该参赛者严重违犯有关规则。

注2：如果参赛者依照规则20-7c击打了第二粒球，并被判定其第二粒球成绩不予计算，则其击打第二粒球所产生的杆数以及仅仅因为击打该球而产生的罚杆不予考虑。如果判定以其第二粒球计算成绩，则其从错误的位置击球以及后续击打原用球的所有杆数和仅仅因为击打原用球而产生的罚杆不予考虑。

注3：如果球员因为从错误的位置击球而受处罚，则其未经允许而替代球的行为不再受额外处罚。