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最美的德语诗:湖上【歌德,中德对照】

(2019-02-28 23:02:22)
分类: 外语世界
德语诗里最美的一首:
诗人失恋后, 泛舟湖上, 有感而发。


Auf dem See
湖上     (歌德 1775)       

Und frische Nahrung, neues Blut
Saug’ ich aus freier Welt;
Wie ist Natur so hold und gut,
Die mich am Busen hält!
Die Welle wieget unsern Kahn
Im Rudertakt hinauf,
Und Berge, wolkig himmelan,
Begegnen unserm Lauf.

Aug’, mein Aug’, was sinkst du nieder?
Goldne Träume, kommt ihr wieder?
Weg, du Traum! so gold du bist;
Hier auch Lieb und Leben ist.

Auf der Welle blinken
Tausend schwebende Sterne,
Weiche Nebel trinken
Rings die türmende Ferne;
Morgenwind umflügelt
Die beschattete Bucht,
Und im See bespiegelt
Sich die reifende Frucht.

新鲜的营养和新的血液, 
我从自由的世界里吸取; 
大自然是如此亲切而美好, 
她把我拥在怀中! 
湖波摇着我们的小船 
在船桨的节拍中上下晃动,
高耸入云的山峰, 
迎接我们的航程。 

眼睛,我的眼睛啊,你为何低垂? 
金色的梦啊,你们何又再来?
走开吧,你这美梦!尽管你是如此金贵; 
这里也有爱情和生命。 

湖波上闪耀着 
千万颗漂浮的星星, 
软雾吞没了
周围高耸的远景;
晨风微微吹过
阴影下的湖湾,
湖水中倒映着
成熟中的果子。

(云鹤 译)

赏析:

The poet's exuberant response to maternal nature in the first stanza is emphasized by the upbeat "Und" in the first line, before settling into a steady iambic beat. 

The middle stanza changes abruptly into a more reflective trochaic rhythm, with the double stress in the last line "Hier auch" shaking the poet from his reverie. 

The final two stanzas maintain the trochaic rhythm, combined with the rhyme scheme of the first section, which, however, is subtly modulated - asymmetry within the symmetry - signifying the progress of the poet's development in the poem.

A boat ride across Lake Zurich becomes a journey of emotional maturation. The infantile ego of the first stanza (an earlier version began "ich saug an meiner Nabelschnur" "I suck from my umbilical cord") rocking within nature's bosom is suddenly disturbed by dreams from the past.  

By the last stanza the "I" dissapears, or, rather is contained within the reflexive "sich" of the "ripening fruit".  Nature, as well, becomes diffused from the towering mountains and the sun ("Aug"), to the reflection of a "thousand stars", while the mountains become obscured in the morning mist. 

By the final stanza the poet has reached the safe habor of the alliterative "beschattete Bucht" putting his infantile dreams behind him. 

湖上的旅程代表思想的成熟过程。 诗人最后抛弃了幼稚的梦想,抵达安全的更高的人生境界。


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