5.9 References

The References section is another additional component of an academic article or research papers. It comes after the Conclusion and the Acknowledgements, always at the end of the paper. The References section is a list of all sources cited in the paper using appropriate bibliographic Format, such as American Psychological Association (APA) style, Modern Language Association (MLA) style, or other styles.

Researchers have a responsibility to acknowledge the original contributions of other writers and to distinguish their own observations from the scholarly insights of others (APA, 2010).Writing the Reference is an opportunity to be sure the author have dug into the relevant literature and relate his/her research to the existing academic network by citing others research in the academic community. In preparing the References, therefore, a range of original source should be included in the reference list. A thorough bibliography includes citations to the background information, the sources of experimental techniques used in the research, documentations of similar observations, and discussions of related empirical rules and theories (Katz, 2006).

In writing citation and references, it is wise to always cite original sources. Summaries in review articles or books cannot include all the original data, frequently miss important information, and sometimes they even get the facts wrong. A wise author should always search and read the original articles or books to get accountable data and information from existing literature. Moreover, the citations should relate directly to the arguments to make the reference list tight and deep.

The format of citation and references is often a challenging job for writers. Choosing an appropriate style for reference list is a must for writers. The most widely used style for citing references, as well as for developing the reference list, is what is commonly referred to as APA style, which is thoroughly in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010). This book contains a myriad of stylistic guidelines for expressing ideas and reducing bias in language, punctuation, abbreviations, headings, numbers, tables, figures, appendixes, and reference lists, as well as suggestions for manuscript preparation, the publication process, and ethical issues. The APA Publication Manual is a must for paper writers in many programs and is recommended for students to regularly consult it as they write their dissertations and other academic papers (Heppner & Heppner, 2009).

以上博文摘自《英语科技论文写作教程》第5章 Writing Scientific Paper. 如何撰写英语科技论文之一到之十三中所引用的全部文献，采用APA6格式，列表如下：

REFERENCES

American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, Six Edition (6ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Ball, R. (2009). Scholarly communication in transition: The use of question marks in the titles of scientific articles in medicine, life sciences and physics 1966–2005 Scientometrics, 79(3), 667-679.

Beyea, S. C., & Nicoll, L. H. (1998). Writing and submitting an abstract. AORN, 67(1), 273-274.

Day, R. A. (1998). How to Write and Publish Scientific Papers. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 93(3), 423-424. Retrieved 20 June, 2010, from the SciELO database.

Evans, B., Joas, M., Sundback, S., & Theobald, K. (2006). Governing local sustainability Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 49(6), 849 - 867.

Gile, D. (2001). Selecting a topic for PhD research in interpreting. In D. Gile, H. Dam, B. Martinsen & A. Schjoldager (Eds.), Getting Started in Interpreting Research (pp. 1-22). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.  http://perso.univ-lyon2.fr/~giled/SELTOPIC.htm

Goldbort, R. (2006). Writing for science. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.

Griffiths, T. L., & Steyvers, M. (2004). Finding scientific topics. PNAS, 101( Suppl. 1), 5228-5235.

Gustavii, B. (2008). How to write and illustrate a scientific paper (2 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haggan, M. (2004). Research paper titles in literature, linguistics and science: dimensions of attraction. Journal of Pragmatics, 36(2), 293-317.

Hartley, J. (2005). To attract or to inform: What are titles for? Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 35(2), 203-213.

Henson, K. T. (2005). Writing for publication: road to academic advancement. Boston Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.

Heppner, P. P., & Heppner, M. J. (2009). Writing Your Thesis, Dissertation & Research [毕业论文及研究论文写作]. Beijing: Peking University Press

Joseph, R., Reed, S., Jayachandran, K., Clark-Cuadrado, C., & Dunn, C. (2010). Endosulfan has no adverse effect on soil respiration Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 138( 3-4), 181-188

Katz, M. J. (2006). From research to manuscript: A guide to scientific writing. The Netherlands: Dordrecht: Springer.

Lai, K., Li, Y., & Feng, X. (2006). Gap between tourism planning and implementation: A case of China. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1171-1180.

Lebrun, J.-L. (2007). Scientific writing: A reader and writer's guide. Singapore; London: World Scientific.

Lin, Y., Hong, M., Han, G., Zhao, M., Bai, Y., & Chang, S. X. (2010). Grazing intensity affected spatial patterns of vegetation and soil fertility in a desert steppe Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 138(3-4), 282-292

Lindsay, D. (1995). A guide to Scientific Writing (2 ed.). Melbourn: Longman.

Low, B., Johnston, W. J., & Wang, J. (2007). Securing network legitimacy in China's telecommunication market Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 22(2), 97-106

Lu, F., Ding, Y., Ye, X., & Liu, D. (2010). Cinnamon and nisin in alginate-calcium coating maintain quality of fresh northern snakehead fish fillets. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 43(9), 1331-1335.

Rockler-Gladen, N. (2007). Dissertation and Thesis Topics: How to Choose Successful Research for your PhD or Master's Degree. Retrieved 10 July 2010, from http://graduate-schools.suite101.com/article.cfm/dissertation_and_thesis_topics

Slade, C. (1997). 如何写研究论文与学术报告[Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports and Theses] (10 ed.). 北京 外语教学与研究出版社[Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press],汤姆森学习出版社[Thomson Learning Asia Houghton Mifflin Company].

Soler, V. (2007). Writing titles in science: An exploratory study. English for Specific Purposes, 26(1), 90-102.

Spielman, D. J., Davis, K., Negash, M., & Ayele, G. (2010). Rural innovation systems and networks: findings from a study of Ethiopian smallholders (Publication no. 10.1007/s10460-010-9273-y). http://www.springerlink.com.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/content/30u38622q5267032/

Wang, Y., & Bai, Y. (2007). A corpus-based syntactic study of medical research article titles. System, 35(3), 388-399.

                                                  (本文作者：中国农业大学王志芳）