分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别

分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：

一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。

分词短语在句中常作以下状语：

1、原因状语

1._______late, we had to walk home. A.Being    B.As we were   C.We being   D.A and B

2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above

2、时间状语

1._______ the students’ homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.

A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected  C.Correcting  D.all the above

2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.

A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised  D.all the above

3、条件状语

1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given  B.If given C.Given D.all the above

2._______ another chance, I’ll do my job better.A.If I have  B.If having  C.Having D.all the above

4、伴随状语

1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.

A.carrying   B.he was carrying  C.and he was carrying  D.all the above

2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.

A.and he was followed B.followed  C.and was followed D.all the above

二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：

1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country.

A.Permitting weather  B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting  D.Permitting

2._________, he finished playing the game of chess.

A.His eyes closing   B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes  D.Closed his eyes

3._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.

A.Closed    B.Library closed  C.Closing library   D.With library closing

三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：

1.____________ the teacher told the class to go through the text

A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above

2._________a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.

A.It being   B.Being   C.It was    D.all the above

3.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.

A.feeling   B.he felt   C.he felling  D.all the above

四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。

1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。

1.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.Lost   B.As he was lost  C.He lost   D.A and B

2._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.

A.Waiting   B.When he was waiting  C.As he was waiting  D.all the above

2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：

1.The soldier fell asleep ___________.

A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle

2.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.

A.Being on  B.When being on  C.With all the lights on  D.When it turns on all the lights

3.________ the notice, he had an idea.

A.When he was watching B.Watching  C.When watching   D.all the above

4.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.

A.When he was watching B.Watching  C.When watching   D.all the above