1. 现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词before，just，already，yet，ever, recently, in recent years, in the past few years等连用。如：
　　I haven’t seen a student like that before. 我以前没有见过这样的学生。
　　They have just finished lunch. 他们刚吃完午饭。

The bus has already left. 公车已经开走了。

Have you heard from him yet? 你收到他的来信了吗？

Have you ever been to Los Angles? 你去过洛杉矶吗？

In recent years many football clubs ________ as business to make a profit. (2008上海)

A have run    B have been run    C had been run     D will run

The unemployment rate in this district _________from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (2007上海春)

A has fallen    B had fallen    C is falling     D was falling

We _____ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names. (2006上海春)

A don’t meet    B won’t meet    C haven’t met     D hadn’t met

【答案】B  A  C

　　2.现在完成时与for/since等引导的持续性时间状语或so far等包括“现在时间”在内的时间状语连用。如：
　　I have known him for six years. 我认识他六年了。

The monument has not been moved since 1992.这个纪念像从1992年以来一直都没有被移动过。

The doctor has saved over two hundred people’s lives so far.
　　到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。

The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _______ increased enormously ever since. (2004上海)

A is    B was    C has been     D had been

【答案】C

3 by +时间点，表示“到…为止”，要和完成时态连用。当叙述过去的事情时，要用过去完成时。

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing. (2003上海春)

A would be completed    B was being completed   

C has been completed     D had been completed

【答案】D

4.时间状语副词的对比
    1） yet，already，just与ever
　　yet常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句句尾，用于疑问句中常译为“已经”，用于否定句中常译为“尚未，还未”，例如：

—Have you had your breakfast yet? 你已经吃过早餐了吗？
　　—Yes, I have already had it. 是的，我已经吃过了。

--You haven’t packed yet?  你还没收拾好吗？

--No. I haven’t found the key to my apartment yet. 没有。我还没找到房门钥匙呢。

already常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，常译为“已经”，当它用于疑问句时，往往表示“惊讶、怀疑、不相信”等语气，例如：

Most people in the company has already bought their own cars.公司大部分人都已经买了私家车了。

You have booked a table in the restaurant already? 你已经在餐馆订了位子了？

just常用于肯定句，ever常用于疑问句。如：

The girls have just come back from the pop stars concert. 姑娘们刚从那个流行歌星的演唱会回来。

Have you ever seen the film? 你曾经看过这部电影吗？

　　2） before与ago，just与just now
　　before表示现在看来的“以前”，常单独用于现在完成时中，一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用；而ago表示在过去某时间的“以前”，常用“一段时间+ago”的形式，与过去时连用。例如：

Have you met him before? 你以前见过他吗？
　　My brother met her in the street two days ago. 我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。

just常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词；just now多与一般过去时连用，一般用于句末。如：
　　I have just had breakfast. 我刚吃过早餐。
　　She had breakfast just now. 　她刚吃了早餐。

　　2. for与since的区别
　　for为介词，后面要接“段时间”。

since用作介词，后接过去时间点，用作连词时，后接从句，从句常用一般过去时。如：
　　I have known him for three years. 　 我认识他有三年了。
　　We have lived here since 1998. 　我们从1998年就住在这里了。
　　How many English words have you learned since you came here?
　　自从你来这儿你学了多少英语单词？

【小试牛刀】

1 He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?
　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. Still

2 The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
3 Have you met Mr Li ______？
　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

4—Our country ______ a lot so far .
　　　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

5 Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

6 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
　　Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

7 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
　　Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

8 My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
【答案】B  D  C  C 

C  A  D  A