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怀素《小草千字文》草法舛chun误

(2018-12-26 17:53:31)
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分类: 书画鉴赏(学习)
  首先,我们挑怀素《小草千字文》中的草法错误并不是想否定其艺术价值,只是从字法的角度来理性看待其中的草法问题。
其一
                                                     怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                     怀素《小草千字文》前两行
                                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

这是“散骑侍郎”的“郎”对比王羲之《司州帖》“郎”字即可看出,左半部应为“良”的草法,

                                                       怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                        王羲之《司州帖》中的“郎”
                                                         怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                      “良”的草法

加右耳朵即为“郎”的草书:

                                                                怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

这是宋克写的“郎”,也是继承二王


                                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

怀素《小草千字文》中“郎”字写法,左边其实是“艮”的草法

                                                            怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“艮”

“艮”的草法加上木旁就是“根”的草法,加上走之底就是“退”的草法:

                                                           怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                         “根”的草法
怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“退”的草法

所以,基本可以判定,怀素所写的这个“郎”字不具有代表性,也割断了此字草法从王羲之到后世的传承。良”作为草书字根,可以与偏旁结合,产生下列字的草法:

                                                           怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                              
                                                            怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                                  

                                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                                      
                                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

其二:

                                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                   怀素《小草千字文》
                                                               怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

这是怀素的“怀”,是他的签名,应该不会写错,但问题是:一:如果这是“怀”,那么“惟”字该如何区别?二:下面这个字又该释读为什么?

                                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                  怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                     怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
上面两字哪个更像“怀”? 查了很多资料,目前并未发现“怀”和“惟”通用的情况,我们再来确认一下
                                                              怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                                      怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
以上几个怀都是王羲之写的,和魏碑唐楷皆能对应:

                                                                         怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                             魏碑“懷”
                                                                              怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

       唐楷“懷”

还能怎么解释,就看你对古人什么态度了!其实这个字也不能怪怀素写错,因为王羲之就两种写法。都是出自王羲之,都释读为“怀”。这就给我们后人出了难题。

                                                                       怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                          王羲之“懷”草法一
                                                                怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                            王羲之“懷”草法二

还是回到开头,第一:“惟”字与“怀”字无法区分第二:增加我们记忆草书的难度,使我们的记忆系统紊乱。

其三:                 
                                                               怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

怀素《小草千字文》

上图里面两个字有问题:1.“闰”少了门字头,可能不是怀素丢的,有可能是装裱剥落了,不去怪怀素了。我们知道了,在临摹学习中应补上。


                                                                 怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

这是蔡襄《思咏帖》中的“闰”字,可作为参考佐证。

2.另外就是“律吕调阳”,很明显,应该是双人旁,如邓文原临《急就章中


                                                                                  怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                                              《怀素小草千字文》
                                                                         怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

      《急就章》其四:

                                                        怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

赵孟頫《六体千字文》“奈”

这是“柰”的楷书,出自赵孟頫《六体千字文》,这个字的草书应很简单,即上部为“木”的快写,下部为“示”的快写,如:

                                                               怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                          王羲之《得柰帖》“奈”
                                                                    怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

  王羲之《得柰帖》

                                                                   怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“奈”邓文原临《急就章》“奈”

以上几种写法皆无疑议,也无本质不同,无非是书写节奏快慢的区别,但怀素《小草千字文》中如何写的呢?

                                                               怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

怀素《小草千字文》“奈”

这种简省无疑打破了古法的传承,你可以称之为“创新”,但前无古人,后面也无来者追随。

                                             怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

张弼书“奈”

这个“奈”是明代张弼所书,依然出自晋人一路,可见怀素在这个字上的创新是失败的,割断了古法的传承。

其五:

                                                        怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

怀素《小草千字文》“章”

这个字是“垂拱平章”的“章”, 和王羲之、孙过庭等人比较可以看出怀素写的第二笔似乎有损,此字不能算怀素写错,但临写时一定要注意,第二笔应该写清楚!

                                                              怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                          王羲之书“章”
                                                              怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

孙过庭“章”

其六:

                                                                       怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

怀素《小草千字文》“遐”

这是怀素写的,大家看看有问题吗?不清楚的朋友对比一下:

                                                           怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                          索靖《出师颂》“遐”
                                                              怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

智永《真草千字文》“遐”

明显可以看出,“遐”去掉走之底,为“叚”,“叚”的规范写法应为:

                                                                   怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“叚”

(以下部分诸位最好准备笔在身旁,先写再对照!)

加上雨字头,应该为“霞”,草书应写作:

                                                                怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“霞”

加上“日”旁,应为“暇”,草书应作:

                                                                        怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“暇”

加上单人旁,应为“假”,草书应作:

                                                                           怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“假”

下面这个字是怀素写的“假”,右边也同样有草法问题,可见这个字草法出现舛误,不是快写造成的,而是怀素的自我理解和“创造”。具体和孙过庭比较一下就十分清楚了:

                                                                          怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                              怀素书“假”
                                                                      怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“蝦”/“鰕”

上面这个字有可能是“蝦”, 也有可能是“鰕”。之所以出现这种释读上的犹豫和矛盾,是因为祝允明这个字的偏旁不是十分规范,或者说没有完全承袭晋唐古法。因为草书的六十多个偏旁在以往三天的面授集训中我们已经逐一学习并掌握了!只要结合“叚”的草书字根,那么,以下的这些字大家也应该都会写了:

遐騢蕸瘕瑕吓睱徦鍜

葭、婽、豭、椵、貑

其七:

                                                                   怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                         怀素《小草千字文》“

这是“臣伏戎羌”的“羌”字,大家看看是不是多了什么?是的,收笔处多了一点。“羌”是上羊下人,篆书作

                                                                       怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

   篆书“羌”

王羲之《破羌帖》“羌”字写得清楚,搞不懂怀素为什么要多出一点?怀素很可能是写得快,但“羌”字此时绝对不可多出一点,如果有一点,它就有可能变成“恙”了!

                    怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

王羲之《破羌帖》“羌”

其八:大家先认认这两个字是什么?

                     怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

                     怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
没错,这是“卷”,那请再认认下面这个字!
                     怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
这是什么字?卷”还“”???认作“”的朋友能否说说“卷”和二字草法有什么区别?

                                                       怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

怀素《小草千字文》

上面这个字其实是怀素《小草千字文》“恭惟鞠”中的“”字,其实和“卷”的草法没有多大区别。大家在临摹怀素《小草千字文》中也应有过怀疑,只是不敢冒昧否定古人,以至于不敢大胆说怀素写错了。“飬”上部应为“羊”,下部应为“食”,看篆书和隶书就知道根据这个文字特点,上部作“羊”的草书,下部作的草法即可:

                                                            怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                篆书“飬”
                                                 怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

隶书“飬”

“羊”和“食”的草书分别作:

                                                 怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹
                                “羊”
                                                            怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

     

组合在一起则为:

                                                        怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“飬”

明代人宋克作“飬”也是“羊”加“食”的组合:

                                                          怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

  宋克书“飬”

这种“羊”加“某某”的组合,在课堂上多次讲过,如:

                                               怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

《张迁碑》“善”

“善”为“羊”加“口”。所以“善”的草书应作:

                                                          怀素《小草千字文》草法舛误 <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr> <wbr><wbr>刘东芹

“善”



 

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