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《鲁拜集》三种译本(I)

(2009-06-25 20:30:55)
标签:

诗歌

翻译

鲁拜集

黄克孙

郭沫若

分类: 生活文化

《鲁拜集》三种译本(I)

    《鲁拜集》(The Rubaiyat),为世界著名古诗集。作者Omar Khayyam(约1048-1123),著名波斯诗人、天文学家和数学家,好酒。不仅在文学上有很深的造诣,而且在天文学上也有重大的贡献。他于1079年修订波斯历法,制成哲拉理历。这个历法比现今通行的格列高历更为精确。

    “鲁拜”,即波斯的“四行诗”, 诗体形式为一首四行,第一、二、四行押韵,第三行大抵不押韵,和我国的绝句相类似。

    《鲁拜集》作者在纵酒狂歌的表象之下洞彻生命的虚幻无常,以绝美的纯诗,将人生“淡漠的悲哀”表达得淋漓尽致。诗作融汇了科学家的观点与诗人的灵感,结合而为文学艺术上的辉煌杰作。

    《鲁拜集》在世界上得到大量翻译。以下收录Edward Fitzgerald 的英译本、黄克孙的中译本和郭沫若的中译本。

     Edward Fitzgerald (1809-1883),英国维多利亚时代文学家,其翻译的《鲁拜集》对原作的灵感精神进行了重新创作,酝酿出词藻优美的诗章,成为英国文学史上第一位以翻译作品著称于世者。

     黄克孙(Kerson Huang,1928-),出生于广西南宁,成长于菲律宾马尼拉,现任麻省理工学院物理学荣誉教授。他自小天资聪慧,熟读四书五经,自学数学物理,还是漫画家。是一位仅受过五年中小学教育,就直接进入美国麻省理工学院(MIT)修读物理系二年级课程、并从此在这所世界顶尖名校受教育和工作整整50年的华裔科学家。作为知名的热力学和统计力学专家,他撰写的《统计力学》(Statistical Mechanics),多次再版,对大学物理教学产生广泛影响。其译文为七言诗,天才横溢,文采斐然,堪与英译媲美。

    郭沫若(1892-1978),中国著名诗人、剧作家、书法家、学者,曾担任国家多项高级职务。其译文为散文体。

    以下每集排列依次为Fitzgerald的英译文—黄克孙的中译文—郭沫若的中译文。限于篇幅,译注均予以删除。

 

1

Wake! For the Sun, who scattered into flight

The Stars before him from the Field of Night,

Drives Night along with them from Heav'n, and strikes

The Sultán's Turret with a Shaft of Light.

醒醒游仙梦里人,

残星几点已西沉。

羲和骏马鬃如火,

红到苏丹塔上云。

醒呀!太阳驱散了群星,

暗夜从空中逃遁,

灿烂的金箭,

射中了苏丹的高瓴。

 

2

Before the phantom of False morning died,

Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,

"When all the Temple is prepared within,

Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"

一抹朝暾染四埵,

隔门客舍语依稀:

『生涯莫放金尊懒,

人易凋零酒易晞』。

朝昧的幻影破犹未曾,

茅店内似有人的呼声,

“寺院都已扫净了内堂,

托钵人何犹门外打盹?”

 

3

And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before

The Tavern shouted — "Open then the Door!

You know how little while we have to stay,

And, once departed, may return no more. "

晨鸡一唱起南柯,

门外羁人击节歌:

『大地苍天原逆旅,

怱怱客岁已无多』。

四野正在鸡鸣,

人们在茅店之前叩问——

“开门罢!我们只得羁留片时,

一朝去后,怕就不再回程。”

 

4

Now the New Year reviving old Desires,

The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,

Where the white hand of Moses on the Bough

Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.

东风吹醒梦中人,

碧野平芜物又新。

摩世手伸千树白,

耶稣气吐一山春。

新春苏活着旧时的希望,

使沉思的灵魂告了退藏,

退到那树枝上露出“摩西的白手”,

耶稣从地底叹息的地方。

 

5

Iram indeed is gone with all its Rose

And Jamshyd's Seven-ring'd Cup where no one knows;

But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,

And many a Garden by the Water blows.

沉沉消息七环杯,

伊览芳华尽劫灰。

唯有野花红似昔,

年年争向水边开。

夷朗牟的花园已和蔷薇消亡,

蒋牟西的七环杯谁也不知去向;

但有玛瑙殷红仍从葡萄破绽,

水畔的花圃处处都是落英。

 

6

And David's Lips are lockt; but in divine

High-piping Pehlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!

Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose

That sallow cheek of hers to' incarnadine.

绕梁音绝歌人渺,

犹有啼鹃格调高。

酒酒连声玫瑰酒,

欲将双颊染樱桃。

大卫的歌唇已锁;

黄莺儿用着毗勒危语高歌,

“葡萄洒,葡萄酒,红的葡萄酒哟!”

把蔷薇花苍白的脸儿唱酡。

 

7

Come, fill the Cup, and in the Fire of Spring

Your Winter-garment of Repentance fling:

The Bird of Time has but a little way

To flutter — and the Bird is on the Wing.

春火珠红酒里天,

心中块垒碎尊前。

白驹此去无多路,

岁月无情已着鞭。

来呀,请来浮此一觞,

在春阳之中脱去忏悔的冬裳:

“时鸟”是飞不多时的——

鸟已在振翮翱翔。

 

8

Whether at Naishápúr or Babylon,

Whether the Cup with sweet of bitter run,

The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,

The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.

不问淸瓢与浊瓢,

不分寒食与花朝。

酒泉岁月涓涓尽,

枫树生涯叶叶飘。

莫问是在纳霞堡或在巴比伦,

莫问杯中的是苦汁或是芳醇,

生命的酒浆滴滴地浸漏不已,

生命的绿叶叶叶地飘堕不停。

 

9

Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say;

Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?

And this first Summer month that brings the Rose

Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobád away.

闻道新红又吐葩,

昨宵玫瑰落谁家。

潇潇风信潇潇雨,

带得花来又葬花。

君言然哉:朝朝有千朵蔷薇带来;

可是昨朝的蔷薇而今安在?

带来蔷薇的这初夏之季,

也使蒋牟西、凯科白提一去不回。

  

10

Well, let it take them! What have we to do

With Kaikobád the Great, or Kaikhosrú?

Let Zál and Rustum bluster as they will,

Or Hátim call to Supper — heed not you.

汨罗江水伤心碧,

铜雀台花寂寞红。

醉眼只宜看白日,

干卿底事哭英雄。

去休,听随他们去休!

凯科白提大帝、凯科稣尔于我何有?

查尔、鲁士图牟听随他们酣战,

霍丁牟招赴欢筵——也不用管。

 

11

With me along the strip of Herbage strown

That just divides the desert from the sown,

Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot—

And Peace to Mahmúd on his golden Throne!

平芜携手看黄沙,

牧草靑靑瀚海涯。

白屋朱袍浑不认,

羲皇榻上是吾家。

请来呀,请来随我沿此平芜,

这儿一边是荒原,一边是耕土,

囚奴与苏丹的名分到此消亡——

尽他穆罕默德安坐在黄金座上!

 

12

A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,

A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread — and Thou

Beside me singing in the Wilderness —

Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!

一箪疏食一壶浆,

一卷诗书树下凉。

卿为阿侬歌瀚海,

茫茫瀚海即天堂。

树荫下放着一卷诗章,

一瓶葡萄美酒,一点干粮,

有你在这荒原中傍我欢歌——

荒原呀,啊,便是天堂!

 

13

Some for the Glories of This World; and some

Sigh for the Prophet's Paradise to come;

Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go.

Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!

三生事业尽朦胧,

一世浮华总落空。

今日有钱须买醉,

鼓声山外任隆隆。

有的希图现世的光荣;

有的希图天国的来临;

啊,且惜今日,浮名于我何有,

何有于远方的鞺鞑的鼓音!

 

14

Look to the blowing Rose about us — "Lo,

Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,

At once the silken tassel of my Purse

Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."

玫瑰周遭向我开,

嫣然浅笑更低徊:

『看侬一解柔丝蕾,

红向千园万圃来。』

请看周遭的烂漫的蔷薇,——

她说道:“我笑着开来世里,

一朝我的锦囊破时,

我把囊中的钱财散满园地。”

 

15

And those who husbanded the Golden Grain,

And those who flung it to the Winds like rain,

Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn'd

As, buried once, Men want dug up again.

一杯浊酒无余恨,

死去谁怜金玉榇。

但见明珠出土来,

凄凉白骨无人问。

有的节谷如金,

有的挥金如雨,

玉女金童身归大梦,

墓又为人掘启。

 

16

The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon

Turns Ashes — or it prospers; and anon,

Like Snow upon the Desert's dusty Face

Lighting a little Hour or two — is gone.

富贵当年想石崇,

银鞍金络气如虹。

可怜雪落平沙里,

曾几何时日又中。

人所系心的现世的希望易灰,

或则一朝繁荣,而又消毁,

比如那沙面的白雪,

只扬得一两刻的明辉。

 

17

Think, in this batter'd Caravanserai

Whose Portals are alternate Night and Day,

How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp

Abode his destined Hour, and went his way.

乾坤寥落一穹庐,

日夜循环起太初。

多少英雄来复去,

锦衣华盖尽同途。

天地是飘摇的逆旅,

昼夜是逆旅的门户;

多少苏丹与荣华,

住不多时,又匆匆离去。

 

18

They say the Lion and the Lizard keep

The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep;

And Bahram, that great hunter — the Wild Ass

Stamps o'er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.

华表丹墀一例空,

荒凉台榭走蛇虫。

虎踪今遍英雄墓,

无复惊闻李广弓。

蒋牟西宴饮之宫殿

如今已成野狮蜥蜴之场;

好猎王巴朗牟之墓头,

野驴已践不破他的深梦。

 

19

I sometimes think that never blows so red

The Rose as where some buried Coesar bled;

That every Hyacinth the Garden wears

Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.

红花底事红如此,

想是苌弘血里开。

一地落英愁欲语:

『当年曾伴美人来。』

帝王流血处的蔷薇花

颜色怕更般红;

花园中的玉簪儿

怕是植根在美女尸中。

 

20

And this reviving Herb whose tender Green

Fledges the River-Lip on which we lean —

Ah, lean upon it lightly; for who knows

From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!

芳茵绿遍淸江外,

弱草娇柔人欲采。

寄语行人莫损伤,

离离草下知谁在。

这河唇的青青春草

我们在枕之而眠——

轻轻地莫用压伤它罢!

那怕是迸自美人的唇边

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