陶渊明《归去来辞》全文解读(中英文)


标签:
白话文译文归去来辞英文版田园松菊清流觉今是而昨非杂谈 |
分类: 散文诗话 |
回去喽!愿停止断绝那世俗的交游。既然这社会和我的愿望相违,我驾车出采又有什么可以追求?我喜欢的是亲戚间知心的交谈,或者是弹琴读书以消解忧愁。农人告诉我春天已经来临,将要耕种去到那西边的田畴。有时我振策驱车,有时我划桨行舟。有时沿着幽深曲折的溪水进入山谷,有时也崎岖坎坷地走过山丘。树木啁欣欣向荣,泉水啊涓涓始流。我赞美万物的得时,感慨自己的一生行将罢休。
算了吧!寄身天地之间还会有多久,为什么不听任自己的心愿以决定去留?为什么栖栖惶惶地,还想到哪里去!富贵不是我的愿望,仙境又不可预期。趁着这大好的时机独自走了吧,或者就像古代的隐士那样把手杖插在地上躬耕耘籽。登上东边的高地放声长啸,靠近清澈的溪流尽情赋诗。姑且顺着生命的变化走到尽头,高高兴兴地接受天命还有什么怀疑。
分析作品时,我们很有必要透过纸张,绕到历史的背后,看清那个时代留下的烙印和阴影,这样更有助于理解作者下笔时候的真实情感,有利与对文章思想与主旨的把握。让我们粗略的来看看诗人的生活轨迹。诗人年幼,家庭衰微,八岁丧父,与母妹三人度日。孤儿寡母,多在外祖父孟嘉家里生活。外祖父家里藏书多,他不仅像一般的士大夫那样学了《老子》《庄子》,而且还学了儒家的《六经》和文、史以及神话之类的“异书”。陶渊明少有大志,当时门阀制度森严,他出身庶族,受人轻视,感到不堪吏职,少日自解。有诗句“久游恋所生,如何淹在滋”,对俯仰由人的宦途生活,发出了深长的叹息。刘裕登基建康后,作风颇有为之一新的感觉,能以身作则,以威禁的整顿,风俗顿改。但是入幕不久,看到刘裕剪除异己,并且任人唯亲。这些黑暗现象,让他失望。有意辞职隐居。后任彭泽县令,因不肯媚俗与地方官,叹道:“我岂能为五十斗米向乡里小几折腰。”遂去职隐居。赋《归去来辞》,表明与上层统治阶级决裂,不与世俗同流合污的决心。
这就是作品的时代背景。作品展现出的却是洒脱的美,自由的美,回归的美。这篇文章语言清新.朴素自然.叙事、写景、抒情有机地结合在一起,感情真实充沛,抒情意味深长。
第一段读来琅琅上口,陈述了他辞官的决心和心情,第一句,直抒心中郁积之志。“归去来兮,田园将芜胡不归?”呼出闷气,顿觉自在坦荡、轻松畅快。表明其志已决,不容犹豫。接下来,说明归隐的原因。“心为形役”,是说明为衣食所迫而出来做官,既如此,那就没什么惆怅悲伤的了。过去的事情已无法追悔,未来的日子却可以自我掌握的。违心的官场日子即将结束,未来的顺心的生活即将开始,将按照自己的意愿地走下去。既然已经认定过去是“迷途”,昨日的“非”,那么今天的抉择就是“是”,是正确的。迷途未远,悔悟与庆幸之情溢于言表!
第二段写初归田园农家的情景,其景怡然,其乐融融,“舟摇摇以轻殇,风飘飘而吹衣”,两个叠词的点缀,妙不可言,恍如行走仙境。先乘船,后上路,和风拂衣,小舟飘荡,心情的愉悦自不待言。“问征夫以前路,恨晨光之熹微”,昼夜兼程,归心似箭。问路征夫,计算归程;恨洒熹微,嫌天亮太迟。心情之急迫可见,一抵家中,则完全变成孩子般的欢呼与雀跃--“乃瞻衡宇,载欣载奔”,是一派狂喜之态。“僮仆欢迎,稚子候门”,家人主仆共同欢迎主人归来。“携幼入室,有酒盈樽”,那是一幅举家欢宴,主人开怀畅饮的和谐情景。接着四句,写饮酒自乐之景与傲然自得之情。再接下来由居室转到庭园及高处、远处,这里有情有景,情景交融,一派悠然自得之情从字面流露出来,可以想象,长久未归,一定要将家园好好观览一番。他走走停停,停停走走,时而环顾,时而远望,白云行走,飞鸟投林,都摄入他的眼帘。作者正是那“出岫之云”“倦飞之鸟”,做官本是无心,官场早已厌倦。至于此中孤松和前者“松菊犹存”,自然全是君子高洁之德,孤傲之志的隐喻。此节作者着力写景,实则抒怀,营造出一个与官场截然相反的、悠然旷达、美妙和谐的境界。
接下来的这部分是虚写,作者想象定居下来后农村生活会给他带来的乐趣。归到田园后,自然想与世相忘,谢绝交游,当然只是没有明说是与世俗官场的人谢绝交往。亲戚间说说知心话叫人心情欢悦,抚琴读书可藉以消愁解闷。嚣嚷、喧吵不入耳中,可以说是乐以忘忧了。接下来是一段颇具诗意的描绘。春回大地,农人告诉他将要从事春耕了。选在农事闲暇,乘兴出游,“或命巾车,或棹孤舟。既窈窕以寻壑,亦崎岖而经丘”。前者是陆路,后者是水路。相同的都是愉悦和快乐。“木欣欣以向荣,泉涓涓而始流”既写实景,又是心景,由物及人,自然生出人生暂短的感伤。春来万物复苏,由大自然的生生不息,联想到人生的短暂与匆促。虽有一点沉郁,但全段的主题基调还是静谧而愉说的
诗人在最后抒发对人生宇宙的的感想。作者一连串的感慨喷涌而出:寄身于天地间还有多少时日!何不放下心来听凭生死?为什么还要遑遑不安想去哪里?作者一心向往的是“怀良辰以孤往,或植杖而耘耔。登东皋以舒啸,临清流而赋诗。”在良辰美景独自出游,亲身参加农事劳动,在高岗上高声放歌,在清流旁纵情赋诗。最后以“聊乘化以归尽,乐夫天命复奚疑”,随着生命的自然变化一直到死,乐天安命还有什么疑虑呢!这是作者的人生结论与处世哲学。也是作者历经曲折的人生后的真实而复杂的感慨,诗人品尝过官场人心的险恶、生活的庸俗,映照归隐后平民生活的质朴、真率、自然、自由,确实愤激于官场的龌龊,眷恋自由自在的人生。作者油然而发,在官场那种看别人脸色行事的生活,是对生命的扭曲与糟蹋,只有在这大自然中才是生命正途,可惜我耽误太久了、久违了,所以这是一种真率的抒发,是一种复杂的感慨,是一种包含正反感受的深刻的体验。作者没有自命清高,有的只是直抒胸臆。这是最率真、愤激的抒情。
其实无论是快乐,或者痛苦,对诗人来说都不重要。快乐是暂时的,痛苦深埋心底相对长久,但相对于人生之河又显得那么倏忽既散。这样,诗人所要找寻的精神归宿只能是大自然,潜心于道。可见他也深知无法达到真正的归隐,完完全全的物我合一。事实上的陶渊明正是如此,他无法逃避,即使归隐也无法安心。他也明白,就算得到了官场上的追求,也不过是更多的虚空。回归自然,寄情山水之间,是明智之举。陶渊明在矛盾中挣扎了一生,这篇辞仕归隐的宣言书是他灵魂的最强烈的绝唱。
Returning Home
陶渊明(365-427) TAO YUAN
MING(365-427)
归去来兮, Let me go back
home!
田园将芜, My fields will get
desolate,
胡不归! Why not go back
home?
既自以心为形役,Since I myself let my
heart
奚惘怅而独悲! be a slave to my
body,
Why should I be so full of
melancholy?
悟已往之不谏, I am aware the past cannot be
retrieved,
知来者之可追。 but the future can be
repaired.
实迷途其未远, In fact I have not gone too far
astray.
觉今是而昨非。 I realize, wrong was
yesterday,
but right is today.
舟摇摇以轻扬, Lightly my boat was rowed and
rowed,
风飘飘而吹衣。 and gently my gown by the wind
was
问征夫以前路, up rolled. complaining the dawn was
still
恨晨光之熹微。 faint over my
head.
乃瞻衡宇, Discerning my humble
hut,
载欣载奔。 I quickened my steps with
delight.
僮仆欢迎, Servants to welcome me all came
out,
稚子候门。 and children were waiting at the
gate.
三径就荒, I found the garden paths were covered with
weeds
松菊犹存。 while pines and chrysanthemums still
survived.
携幼入室 , I carried my children into the house by the
hand,
有酒盈樽。 glad to see on the table wine cups were laid
.
引壶觞以自酌,I raised the cup and drank the wine with my
hand.
眄庭柯以怡颜。I leaned against the southern
window,
倚南窗以寄傲,watching my garden tress with
pleasure.
审容膝之易安。I was content with my small hut, to be
sure.
园日涉以成趣,In walking everyday in the garden I took
pleasure.
门虽设而常关。A gate was provided, but it was always
closed.
策扶老以流憩,I walked with a stick, and took a rest whenever I felt
tired.
时矫首而遐观。Occasionally I raised my head to look at the distant
cloud,
云无心以出岫,which had no intention to float out of the mountain
side.
鸟倦飞而知还。Even birds knew to return to the woods when they were
tired.
景翳翳以将入,The day was getting dark and the sun began to set in
the
抚孤松而盘桓。west side. I caressed a lone pine tree and lingered
around.
归去来兮, Let me go back home
请息交以绝游。 and cease to make social contact with the world
outside.
世与我而相违, Since world customs are at variance with my
temper,
复驾言兮焉求! why should I go out to seek fame and
fortune?
悦亲戚之情话, I should be pleased with my relatives' familiar
looks,
乐琴书以消忧。 and I can amuse myself with music and
books.
农人告余以春及,Peasants will tell me spring is
coming,
将有事于西畴。 and they will be busy at farming. I may ride in
a
或命巾车, curtained cart
或棹孤舟。 or row a lonely
boat.
既窈窕以寻壑, I may follow a winding stream quiet and
serene
亦崎岖而经丘。 to arrive at an open valley clean. I may also
follow
木欣欣以向荣, a rugged path to reach a hill-top at
length.
泉涓涓而始流。 Trees are thriving and
vigorous,
while springs flow murmuring and look
marvelous.
羡万物之得时, I marvel; everything comes out at the right
time,
感吾生之行休! and I lament: my life will draw to a close at any
time.
已矣乎! Let it be! Let it
be!
寓形宇内复几时,How long can I live in the
universe?
曷不委心任去留?Why not decide my fate according to my own
wish?
胡为遑遑欲何之?! Where do you head for in such a hurry against your
wish?
富贵非吾愿,Since wealth and honors are not my
wish,
帝乡不可期。and the fairyland is out of
reach,
怀良辰以孤往,I only wish to travel alone on a fine
day;
或植杖而耘耔。or my stick on the roadside lay, and go to the field to cut
hay.
登东皋以舒啸,Or climb up the eastern hill high To relieve a long
sigh.
临清流而赋诗。Or sit by a clear river side, Composing poems worthy of my
pride.
聊乘化以归尽,Let me abide by the law of nature to lead a life of
nature.
乐夫天命复奚疑Let me submit to the will of Heaven and be content with my
fate forever!
请读者点击后面代码即可听到原文朗读