★反意疑问句与同位语从句★http://img114.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/17/10/20/11294c707aa.jpg

一 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例  You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? 你去过北京，是吗？  He hasn’t been to Shanghai, has he ?

二  简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用

1.当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。

例  Your brother has gone to the library, hasn’t he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？

2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。

例  That isn’t a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的书，是吗？

These are important reading materials, aren’t they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗？

3、当陈述句部分是I am…时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren’t I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。 http://img114.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/17/10/20/11294c6f502.jpg

例  I’m late for the meeting, aren’t I? 我开会迟到了，是吗？I’m not doing well, am I? 

4、当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。 例  Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？

Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it? 今天什么都出问题了，是不是？

5、当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。例  There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there? 篮子里有些香蕉，是吗？

6、祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除了Let’s 开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we 之外，其余一律用will you   ，在这里并非表示疑问，而是进一步叮咛嘱托。只不过shall you 也包括说话人在内。例Let’s go to see the film together,shall we ? 我们一起去看电影，好吗？http://img44.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/17/10/10/11294c9af24.jpg

 Let us go to see the film together, will you? 我们一起去看电影，好吗？

7当陈述部分是 “had better +动词原形 是，疑问部分用“ had\ hadn’t +主语

例You’d better go to school now, hadn’t you ？你最好现在就去学校，好吗？http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/15/1129e759faf.jpg

8、当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。

 注  如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。

例 It’s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn’t it? 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？

9、感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。

 例  What a foolish child (he is), isn’t he? 多傻的孩子啊，不是吗？

10反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时，要注意以下情况 http://img114.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/17/10/20/11294c719d0.jpg

1.)一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。

例  This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn’t it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？ http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/15/1129e759d69.jpg

2.)在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。 例  I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？  注  当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。   

 例  Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会，是吗？

 三 反意疑问句的回答      “ 根据事实回答”

 对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。

例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？

---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。

 

---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did  she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？

---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。

四反意疑问句用法种种 1. 当陈述句的主语为anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone,  nobody, no one, these, those时，反意疑问句的主语用they。E.g. everybody knows what I said, don’t they? Nobody says a word about the incident, don’t they? Somebody borrowed your bike yesterday, didn’t they?  Anybody can do it, can’t they?

2. 当陈述句的主语为this, that, everything, anything, nothing, something等时，反意疑问句的主语用it。E.g. Everything is all right, isn’t it? Nothing can stop us going forward, can it?

 3. 当陈述句的主语为one时, 反意疑问句的主语在正式情况下用one；在非正式情况下用you。E.g. One should learn from others, shouldn’t one / you? One can’t be one’s own master, can one? One can not be too careful, can one?

 4. 当陈述句的谓语部分含有had better, would rather, would like, ought to时, 反意疑问句的谓语应用相应的助动词。E.g. You’d better go now, hadn’t you? You’d rather go there early, wouldn’t you? He’d like to go there, wouldn’t he?  She ought to go there by train, shouldn’t / oughtn’t she? Such  things ought not to be allowed, ought they? He ought to be punished,  oughtn’t he? http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/16/1129e76a713.jpg

 5. 当陈述句的谓语是wish时, 反意疑问句的谓语用may,   而且前后两个部分都用肯定式。E.g. I wish to go home now, may I? I wish to have another piece of cake, may I?

  6. 当陈述句的谓语部分含有have to, had to时, 反意疑问句的谓语部分用do的适当形式。E.g. We have to get there at 8 o’clock tomorrow, don’t we? They had to take the early train to go there, didn’t they?

7. 当陈述句的谓语部分含有used to时, 反意疑问句的谓语部分有两种表达方式didn’t / usedn’t.E.g. He used to get up early, didn’t / usedn’t he?

8. 当陈述句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, fancy, imagine, expect，后接宾语从句时, 反意疑问句应对宾语从句进行提问。E.g. I don’t think he can finish the work, can he? I don’t expect that she would come, would she? I imagine that the students like her, don’t they? I don’t believe she  knows it, does she? http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/16/1129e76a1fa.jpg

9. 当陈述句的主语是第二，第三人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, fancy, imagine,  expect后接宾语从句时, 反意疑问句应对主句进行提问。E.g. Mary thinks you will come to the

meeting, doesn’t she? You don’t think English is important, do you? You think she is a good teacher, don’t you? Your brother thinks that you can do the job well, doesn’t he?

 10. 如果陈述句中出现了表示否定意义的词few, little, never, hardly, seldom, nobody,  rarely, scarcely时, 反意疑问句的谓语用肯定式。 E.g. He has few good reasons for  staying, has he? She hardly writes to you, does she? He seldom goes  to the cinema, does he? There is little water in the bottle, is there?

http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/16/1129e769b33.jpg

 11. 祈使句的各种反意疑问句： 1). Let’s …, shall we? E.g. Let’s go to the film, shall we? 2). Let us … , will you? E.g. Let us go to the park, will  you? 3). Let me … , may I / will you  / OK / all right? E.g. Let me go there alone, may I? / will you? If  you want help-money or anything, let me know, will you? 4). 在否定的祈使句的后面，只能用will you? E.g.  Don’t tell anyone, will you? 5). 表示 “请求” 意思的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you? E.g.  Pass me the dictionary, will you? Stop that noise, will you? 5). 表示“邀请”, “劝诱” 意思的祈使句，反意疑问句用won’t you? E.g. Join us in the singing, won’t you?

12. 陈述句中谓语动词是must + have + 动词的过去分词时，如果强调对过去情况的推测, 依据是(句中有过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句根据动词用didn’t / wasn’t   / weren’t +主语。E.g. You must have read the story last term, didn’t you? He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?

13. 陈述句中谓语动词是must + have + 动词的过去分词时，如果只强调动作的完成，反意疑问句用haven’t / hasn’t +主语。E.g. She must have arrived there, hasn’t she? You must have seen the film, haven’t you? http://img44.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/17/10/9/11294c94604.jpg

 14. 陈述句中谓语动词是must + 动词原形的情况： You must see the doctor, needn’t you?

 You mustn’t do that again, must you? The food must be nice, isn’t it?

 15. 当陈述句的主语为each时, 反意疑问句的主语用he。   E.g. Each has his strong points,

 hasn’t he? / doesn’t he?

16. 当陈述句的主语为each of us, each of you, each of them时, 反意疑问句的主语用we,  you, they。E.g. Each of us has been here, haven’t we? Each of has an English dictionary, haven’t they? http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/15/1129e759aca.jpg

 17. 并列句的反意疑问句谓语的时态，要求和后一个句子的时态保持一致. E.g. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet, isn’t it? Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but she hasn’t finish now, hasn’t she? We must start  at once or we can’t get there on time, can we? He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher, is she?

18. 带有定语从句，同位语从句，状语从句，宾语从句的复合句，反意疑问句与主句在时态上保持一致。E.g. She is not so stupid as she looks, is she?   Lucy dreamed that she was in the moon, didn’t she? http://img44.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/17/10/10/11294c95837.jpg

19. 陈述句主语为such时，反意疑问句的主语单数用it，复数用they。 E.g. Such is his trick, isn’t it? Such are your excuses, aren’t they?

20. 当陈述句的主语为each of … 结构时，反意疑问句的主语用he ,she, it 强调个体, 用we, you, they  强调全体。 E.g. Each of these novels is to be discussed this term, isn’t it? Each of us have got the prize, haven’t we?

 21. 当陈述句是I am … 结构时，反意疑问句用aren’t   I。E.g. I am right, aren’t I? I am late, aren’t I?

22. 如果陈述句中的否定式仅仅是带有否定的词缀，反意疑问句仍用否定。E.g. He is unfit for  his job, isn’t he? That’s unfair, isn’t it? http://img45.pp.sohu.com/images/2007/4/19/7/15/1129e7596e0.jpg

23. 当陈述句部分是there used to be … 结构时, 反意疑问句用 wasn’t (weren’t) there。E.g. There used to be three pine trees in the yard, weren’t  there? There used to be shop at the corner of the street, wasn’t  there?

 24. 陈述句中谓语动词是may / might 时，反意疑问句用mayn’t / mightn’t构成。E.g. I may come and borrow your bike tomorrow, mayn’t I? The experience may have  been long in your memory, mayn’t it?