Chapter 3 The Romantic Period

A. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative an­swers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.

( ) 1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of a joint volume of poetry, Lyrical Bal­lads, written by Wordsworth and______.

A. Keats B.Coleridge

C. Southey D. Byron

( ) 2. ______defines the poet as a "man speaking to men," and po­etry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility. "

A. William Blake B. William Wordsworth

C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D. John Keats

( ) 3. For the Romantics, ______ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject mat­ter.

A. love B. man

C. nature D. death

( ) 4. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are ______and Walter Scott.

A. Washington Irving B. Jane Austen

C. Herman Melville D. Charles Dickens

( ) 5. The principal elements of______novel are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion.

A. Gothic B. Romantic

C. Sentimental D. Realistic

( ) 6. Literarily ______ was the first important Romantic poet in English history.

A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake

C. Robert Burns D. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

( ) 7. ______is central to Blake's concern in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.

A. Poverty B. Life in London

C. Childhood D. Nature

( ) 8. ______is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English lit­erature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth's poetic beliefs.

A. "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"

B. "My Heart Leaps up"

C. "An Evening Walk"

D. "Composed upon Westminster Bridge"

( ) 9. ______is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period.

A. William Blake B. William Wordsworth

C. George Gordon Byron D. Percy Bysshe Shelley

( )10. ______is an elegy written by Shelley for John Keats.

A. Adonais B. "Men of England"

C. "Ode to the West Wind" D. Hellas

( )11. ______ is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women.

A. Adonais B. Don Juan

C. Prometheus Unbound D. The Revolt of Islam

( )12.______is written in the terza rima form Shelley derived from his reading of Dante.

A. Prometheus Unbound B. "Ode to the West Wind"

C. Adonais D. "Men of England"

( )13. Shelley's greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, ______.

A. Antony and Cleopatra B. Measure for Measure

C. Too True to Be Good D. Prometheus Unbound

( )14. ______ expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony.

A. "Ode on Melancholy" B. "Ode to a Grecian Urn"

C. "Ode to a Nightingale" D. "To Autumn"

( )15. ______is the most delightful of Jane Austen's works.

A. Sense and Sensibility B. Pride and Prejudice

C. Emma D. Mansfield Park

B. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.

1. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge and other major Romantic po­ets, started a ______ against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.

2. William Wordsworth's theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from ______life expressed in the language of ______people.

3. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of______, but also elevates the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regard­ing them as something crucial for true poetry.

4. Walter Scott is the first major ______ novelist, exerting a powerful literary influence both in Britain and on the Continent throughout the 19th century.

5. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human na­ture, the______form has exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.

6. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the.______.

7. According to the subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about ______ and poems about______.

8. Wordsworth thinks that ______is the only subject of literary interest.

9. Wordsworth's deliberate ______ and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and______poetry which no other poet has ever equaled.

10. The most important contribution William Wordsworth has made is that he has not only started the ______poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the______ of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a ______to nature.

11. Coleridge's achievement as a poet can be divided into two re­markably diverse groups_: the ______and the______.

12. Don Juan is Byron's masterpiece, a great______of the early 19th century.

13. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of______and______.

14. As a leading Romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the "Byronic hero," a proud, mysterious ______ figure of______origin.

15. The______are generally regarded as John Keats's most important and mature works.

16. "Ode on a Grecian Urn" shows the contrast between the ______of art and the______of human nature.

17. In style, Jane Austen is a______advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful­ness in novel writing.

18. Jane Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their______relationships.

19. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human be­havior, Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its ______.

20. "Men of England" is one of Shelley's greatest______lyrics.

C. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.

( )1. The Romantic period in English literature is an age of poetry.

( )2. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules.

( )3. William Blake is regarded as a "worshipper of nature. "

( )4. Lyrical Ballads is regarded as a landmark in English poetry.

( )5. Coleridge's poetic themes range from the social to the domes­tic.

( )6. On the whole, Byron's poetry is one of experience. His heroes are more or less surrogates of himself.

( )7. "To Autumn" is one of Shelley's lyric masterpieces.

( )8. Generally speaking, Jane Austen was a writer of the 19th century.

( )9. "Songs of Experience" and "Songs of Innocence" hold the similar subject-matter, tone , emphasis and conclusion.

( )10. "Composed upon Westminster Bridge" describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.

( )11. In "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" Coleridge shows his belief that the universe is the projection not of reasoned be­liefs but of irrational fears and guilty feelings.

( )12. "Kubla Khan" was composed in a dream after Byron took the opium.

( )13. In "The Isles of Greece"(from Don Juan) the poet appeals to people to struggle for liberty.

( )14. Jane Austen, in her novels, presents the quiet, day-to-day city life of the upper-middle-class English.

( )15. Byron, for a long time, remained a controversial poet in England and on the Continent.

( )16. Shelley was not only a great poet but also a dramatist.

( )17. In "Song for the Luddites" Byron shows his great sympathy for the workers in their struggle against the capitalists.

( )18. Byron wrote most of his works in England.

( )19. "Dejection: An Ode" is an intimate record of Coleridge's personal thoughts on his infant son Hartley.

( )20. In "The Solitary Reaper" Wordsworth suggests the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.

D. Name the author of each of the following literary works.

I. "The Chimney Sweeper" 2. "The Tyger"

3. Sense and Sensibility 4. "Ode on a Grecian Urn"

5. "Ode to a Nightingale" 6. "Ode to the West Wind"

7. "A Song: Men of England" 8. Prometheus Unbound

9. "Song for the Luddites" 10. Don Juan

II. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 12. "Kubla Khan"

13. "Christabel" 14. "The Solitary Reaper"

15. "She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways"

16. "Composed upon Westminster Bridge"

17. "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"

18. "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"

E. Define the literary terms listed below.

1. The Romantic Movement

2. The "Byronic hero"

F.

A) For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.

1. " 'And because I am happy &dance &.sing They think they have done me no injury,

And are gone to praise God & his Priest &King, Who make up a heaven of our misery. '"

2. " Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay_:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

3. " This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie

Open unto the fields, and to the sky;

All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.

Never did sun more beautifully steep

In his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;

Ne'er saw I never felt, a calm so deep!

The river glideth at his own sweet will:

Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;

And all that mighty heart is lying still! "

4. "Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang As if her song could have no ending;

I saw her singing at her work, And o'er the sickle bending; — I listened, motionless and still; And, as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore, Long after it was heard no more. "

5. "A Damsel with a dulcimer In a vision once I saw:

It was an Abyssinian maid, And on her dulcimer she played, Singing of Mount Abora. "

6. "When the web that we weave is complete, And the shuttle exchanged for the sword, We will fling the winding sheet

O'er the despot at our feet,

And dye it deep in the gore he has pour'd. "

7. "Place me on Sunium's marbled steep, Where nothing, save the waves and I, May hear our mutual murmurs sweep; There, swan-like, let me sing and die: A land of slaves shall ne'er be mine — Dash down yon cup of Samian wine!"

8. "Shrink to your cellars, holes and cells — In halls ye deck another dwells.

Why shake the chains ye wrought? The steel ye tempered glance on ye. With plough and spade and hoe and loom Trace your grave and build your tomb And weave your winding-sheet — till fair England be your Sepulchre. "

9. "...

Be through my lips to unawakened Earth

The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,

If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"

10. "When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe

Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st. "Beauty is truth, truth beauty," — that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. "

B) Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.

"'What is his name?' 'Bingley. '

'Is he married or single?'

'Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large for­tune; four or five thousand a year, What a fine thing for our girls!'

'How so? How can it affect them?'

'My dear Mr. Bennet,' replied his wife, 'how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. '"

A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which this dialogue is taken.

B. Who are making the dialogue?

C. What does the dialogue tell us?

G. Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. Comment on William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.

2. Comment on the characteristics of Romantic literature in Eng­lish history.

3. Analyse Coleridge's literary achievements.

4. Discuss the concept of "Byronic hero" in relation to Byron's main works.

5. Comment on Byron's creation of Don Juan

6. What does Shelley want to tell the reader in his "Ode to the West Wind"?

7. Discuss the subject matter in the odes written by John Keats.

8. Discuss the style of Keat's poetry.

H. Short essay questions.

1. Write an essay on William Wordsworth and his main works.

2. Comment on Jane Austen's literary creation and literary achievements.

Chapter 4 The Victorian Period

A. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative an­swers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.

( ) 1. ______, the pioneering woman, according to D. H. Lawrence, was the first novelist that "started putting all the actions inside. "

A. George Eliot B. Jane Austen

C. Charlotte Bronte D. Emily Bronte

( ) 2. The Victorian poetry was mainly characterized by experi­ments with new styles and new ways of expression. Among these famous experimental poets was ______ who created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters.

A. Charles Dickens B. Alfred Tennyson

C. Robert Browning D. Thomas Hardy

( ) 3. ______works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.

A. Thomas Hardy's B. Charles Dickens's

C. Charlotte Bronte's D. George Eliot's

( ) 4. The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens's works lies in his ______.

A. social criticism B. optimism

C. character-portrayal D. social setting

( ) 5. ______is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th century London.

A. Oliver Twist B. Great Expectations

C. David Copperfield D. Hard Times

( ) 6. ______works are all about the struggle of an individual con­sciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, under­standing and a full happy life.

A. George Eliot's B. Charlotte Bronte's

C. Thomas Hardy's D. Jane Austen's

( ) 7. ______is one that introduces to the English novel the first governess heroine.

A. Jane Eyre B. Wuthering Heights

C. Middlemarch D. Agnes Grey

( ) 8. ______ is an elaborate and powerful expression of Alfred Tennyson's philosophical and religious thoughts.

A. Idylls of the King B. "Ulysses"

C. Poems, Chiefly Lyrical D. In Memoriam

( ) 9. ______is based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.

A. In Memoriam B. "Ulysses"

C. Idylls of the King D. The Princess

( ) 10. ______ is Robert Browning's best-known dramatic mono­logue.

A. "My Last Duchess" B. "Meeting at Night"

C. "Parting at Morning" D. "Pippa Passes"

( )11. ______initiates a new type of realism and sets into motion a variety of developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel.

A. Charles Dickens B. George Eliot

C. Charlotte Bronte D. Thomas Hardy

( )12. Most of Hardy's novels are set in______, the fictional primi­tive and crude region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.

A. London B. Yoknapatawpha

C. Wessex D. Paris

( )13. ______works are known as "novels of characters and envi­ronment. "

A. Charles Dickens's B. Thomas Hardy's

C. Jane Austen's D. George Eliot's

( )14. ______could be classified to be both a naturalistic and a crit­ical realistic writer.

A. Charles Dickens B. George Eliot

C. Thomas Hardy D. T. S. Eliot

( )15. ______ believes that man's fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of "nature", both inside and outside.

A. Charles Dickens B. Thomas Hardy

C. Bernard Shaw D. T. S. Eliot

B. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.

1. In the Victorian period, ______and moral propriety, which were ignored by the Romanticists, became the predominant preoccupation in literary works.

2. In the Victorian period, the ______became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progres­sive thought.

3. Although writing from different points of view and with dif­ferent techniques, the Victorian novelists shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the ______people.

4. Robert Browning's poetic experiments transferred the themat­ic interest from mere narration of the story to revelation and study of characters'______and brought to the Victorian poet­ry some ______element.

5. In his woks, Dickens sets out a full map and a large-scale crit­icism of the 19th century England, particularly______.

6. Oliver Twist presents Oliver Twist as Dickens's first ______ hero and Fagin the first ______figure.

7. Jane Eyre represents those ______working women, who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.

8. In her novels, George Eliot seeks to present the______— of a soul and to reveal the motives, impulses and hereditary influ­ences which govern human action.

9. Middlemarch provides a ______view of life in a small English town and its surrounding countryside in the mid-19th centu­ry.

10. Living at the turn of the century, Thomas Hardy is often re­garded as a ______writer.

11. The pessimistic view of life that predominates most of Hardy's later works earns him a reputation as a ______ writer.

12. The two most predominating poets of the Victorian period are ______and ______.

13. In many of Hardy's later novels, the conflict between the ______and the ______ is brought to the center of the stage.

14. As a woman of exceptional intelligence and life experience, George Eliot shows a particular concern for the ______ of women.

15. Dickens's best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtu­ous, persecuted, helpless ______ characters such as Oliver Twist, Little Nell, David Copperfield and Little Dorrit.

C. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.

( ) 1. Thomas Hardy has been called the last important novelist and poet of 19th century.

( ) 2. The poetry of the Victorian period was mainly characterized by experiments with rhythms.

( ) 3. The Victorian age produced a host of great prose writers and they brought English prose to a very high point in both prose art and literary criticism.

( ) 4. Charles Dickens remained optimistic about life and society all his life.

( ) 5. Dickens writes best when he writes from the adult's point of view.

( ) 6. Wuthering Heights is a story about two families and an in­truding stranger.

( ) 7. Alfred Tennyson is certainly the most representative Victori­an poet.

( ) 8. Idylls of the King is not only a reproduction of an old legend but also a modern interpretation of a classic myth.

( ) 9. The moral standards and sentiments reflected in Idylls of the King belong to the medieval royal people.

( ) 10. "Break, Break, Break" is written by Tennyson in memory of his best friend, whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet.

( ) 11. "Crossing the Bar" shows Robert Browning's fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife.

( ) 12. "Ulysses" written by Tennyson reveals not only his own de­termination and courage to brave the struggle of life but also the restlessness and aspiration of the age.

( ) 13. To Browning, the dramatic monologue is an ingenious means to exploit his literary gift without getting too personal.

( ) 14. Robert Browning is the first poet who writes in the form of dramatic monologue.

( ) 15. In "My Last Duchess," the Duke, as he talks about the por­trait of his last Duchess, reveals bit by bit his cruelty and possessiveness,

( ) 16. Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson have many points in common, for example, in their style, their language and their subjects.

( ) 17. In Tennyson's "Meeting at Night", the speaker, a lover, de­scribes the whereabouts of their meeting place.

( ) 18. The Mill on the Floss is drawn from George Eliot's lifelong knowledge of English country life and notable for its realis­tic details, pungent characterization and high moral tone.

( ) 19. Thomas Hardy turned to poetry-writing because he was tired of all those hostile criticisms against his last two novels: Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure.

( ) 20. Though he had never read Darwin's The Origin of Species, Thomas Hardy subconsciously adopted the idea of "survival of the fittest."

D. Name the author of each of the following literary works.

I. Jude the Obscure 2. The Return of the Native

3. Middlemarch 4. "Parting at Morning"

5. "My Last Duchess" 6. "Ulysses"

7. "Crossing the Bar" 8. "Break, Break, Break"

9. Idylls of the King 10. In Memoriam

11. Wuthering Heights 12. Jane Eyre

13. Oliver Twist 14. A Tale of Two Cities

15. Hard Times 16. Bleak House

E. Define the literary terms listed below.

Dramatic Monologue

F.

A) For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.

1. " O, well for the fisherman's boy, That he shouts with his sister at play! O, well for the sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay!

And the stately ships go on

To their haven under the hill;

But O for the touch of a vanished hand,

And the sound of a voice that is still!"

2. "Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me!

And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea,

But such a tide as moving seems asleep,

Too full for sound and foam,

When that which drew from out the boundless deep

Turns again home. "

3. ". . .

The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks;

The long day wanes; the slow moon climbs; the deep

Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends. '

'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.

Push off, and sitting well in order smite

The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds

To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths

Of all the western stars, until I die.

4. " . . . Even had you skill

In speech — (which I have not) — to make your will

Quite clear to such an one, and say, "Just this

Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,

Or there exceed the mark" — and if she let

Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set

Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse

—E'en then would be some stooping; and I choose

Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,

Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together. . . "

5. " Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach; Three fields to cross till a farm appears; A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch And blue spurt of a lighted match,

And a voice less loud, through its joys and fears, Than the two hearts beating each to each!"

6. "Round the cape of a sudden came the sea, And the sun looked over the mountain's rim: And straight was a path of gold for him, And the need of a world of men for me. "

B) Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.

1. " 'I should say, three pound ten was plenty,' said Mr. Lim-bkins. 'Ten shillings too much,' said the gentleman in the white waistcoat. 'Come!' said Gamfield; 'say four pound, gen'lmen. Say four pound, you've got rid of him for good and all. There! ' 'Three pound ten,' repeated Mr. Limbkins, firmly. 'Come! I'll split the difference, gen'lmen,' urged Gamfield. 'Three pound fifteen. ' 'Not a farthing more,'was the firm reply of Mr. Limbkins. "

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.

B. What are the men doing?

C. What is the result of the dialogue?

2. " 'Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? So you think I am an automaton? — a machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? — You think wrong! — I have as much soul as you — and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, or even of mortal flesh; — it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal — as we are! '"

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.

B. Who is the narrator and whom is the speaker addressing?

C. Summarize the speaker's meaning.

3. "He neither spoke, nor loosed his hold some five minutes, during which period he bestowed more kisses than ever he gave in his life before, I dare say; but then my mistress had kissed him first, and I plainly saw that he could hardly bear, for downright agony, to look into her face! The same convic­tion had stricken him as me, from the instant he beheld her, that there was no prospect of ultimate recovery there — she was fated, sure to die.”

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.

B. Who is the narrator?

C. What does the passage describe?

4. "She was glowing from her morning toilette as only healthful youth can glow_: there was gem-like brightness on her coiled hair and in her hazel eyes; there was warm red life in her lips; her throat had a breathing whiteness above the differing white of the fur which itself seemed to wind about her neck and cling down her blue-gray pelisse with a tenderness gathered from her own, a sentient commingled innocence which kept its loveliness against the crystalline purity of the out-door snow. As she laid the cameo-cases on the table in the bow-window, she unconsciously kept her hands on them, immedi­ately absorbed in looking out on the still, white enclosure which made her visible world. "

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.

B. What is the girl's name?

C. What does the passage imply?

5. "Still, it was strange that they should have come to her while yet so young j more that strange; it was impressive, interest­ing, pathetic. Not guessing the cause, there was nothing to remind him that experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration. Tess's passing corporeal blight had been her mental harvest."

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.

B. Who does "him" refer to?

C. What does the last sentence of the passage mean?

G. Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. Please comment on the features of the Victorian novels.

2. Briefly analyze Charlotte Bronte's literary creation.

3. Why is Jane Eyre a successful novel?

4. What kind of character is Jane Eyre?

5. Analyze Alfred Tennyson's artistic features.

6. Comment on Robert Browning's artistic characteristics.

7. Try to discuss the themes of George Eliot's works.

8. Comment on George Eliot's literary achievements.

9. Show your comment on Tess of the D'Urbervills and its hero­ine.

H. Short essay questions.

1. Write an essay on Charles Dickens's literary creation and lit­erary achievements.

2. Write an essay on Thomas Hardy.

Chapter 5 The Modern Period

A. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative an­swers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.

( ) 1. The three trilogies of______Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.

A. D. H. Lawrence's B. John Galsworthy's

C. James Joyce's D. Thomas Hardy's

( ) 2. ______is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness nov­elist.

A. James Joyce B. John Galsworthy

C. D. H. Lawrence D. George Bernard Shaw

( ) 3. The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19^th century were______and George Bernard Shaw.

A. T. S. Eliot B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

C. James Joyce D. Oscar Wilde

( ) 4. ______ , with its purely dramatic power, remains the most popular of T. S. Eliot's verse plays.

A. Murder in the Cathedral B.. The Lady's Not for Burning

C. Juno and the Paycock D. The Family Reunion

( ) 5. The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett and his first play,______, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Ab­surd.

A. Watting for Godot B. Murder in the Cathedral

C. Too True to Be Good D. Mrs. Warren's Profession

( ) 6. In his famous poem, ______, Yeats explores the problems of death, love, old age and art.

A. "Leda and the Swan" B. "No Second Troy"

C. "September 1913" D. "Sailing to Byzantium"

( ) 7. , which bears a strong thematic resemblance to The Waste Land, is generally regarded as the darkest of T. S. Eliot's poems.

A. "Gerontion"

B. The Hollow Men

C. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

D. The Cocktail Party

( ) 8. ______is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.

A. Ulysses B. The Waste Land

C. The Confidential Clerk D. Dubliners

( ) 9. The Rainbow and ______ are generally regarded as D. H. Lawrence's masterpieces.

A. Women in Love B. Sons and Lovers

C. Lady Chatterley's Lover D. The Plumed Serpent

( )10. ______is a story about the three generations of the Brangwen family on the Marsh farm.

A. The Rainbow B. Women in Love

C. Sons and Lovers D. The Plumed Serpent

( )11. In______, James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an instance of how a sin­gle event contains all the events of its kind, and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day.

A. A Portrait of the' Artist as a Young Man

B. Dubliners

C. Ulysses

D. Finnegans Wake

( ) 12. In his famous essay "Tradition and Individual Talent," ______puts great emphasis on the importance of tradition both in creative writing and in criticism.

A. T. S. Eliot B. D. H. Lawrence

C. James Joyce D. George Bernard Shaw

( ) 13. By presenting a conventional hero as a villain, or a conven­tional villain as a hero, ______ intends to give a shocking impression to his audience and challenge the conventional way of thinking.

A. James Joyce B. George Bernard Shaw

C. T. S. Eliot D. D.H. Lawrence

( ) 14. Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the great tradition of______.

A. modernism B. romanticism

C. realism D. naturalism

B. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.

1. D. H. Lawrence is one of the first novelists to introduce themes of______into his works.

2. T. S. Eliot's major achievement in play writing has been the creation of a ______in the 20th century to express the ideas and actions of modern society with new accents of the ______speech.

3. The Waste Land, T. S. Eliot's most important single poem, has been hailed as a ______and a model of the 20th century English poetry, comparable to Wordsworth's ______.

4. William Butler Yeats experienced a slow and painful change in his poetic creation, starting in the______tradition and finish­ing as a matured______poet.

5. The mission of George Bernard Shaw's drama is to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical ______ point of view.

6. Most of George Bernard Shaw's plays have one passion, and only one, that is ______.

7. The English dramatic revolution in the 1950s developed in two directions: the ______drama and the Theater of______.

8. In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared a group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background, who were known as "______. "

9. In his novels of social satire, H. G. Wells makes realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "______ man. "

10. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of ______as its theoretical base.

11. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distort­ed, alienated and ill relationships between man and ______, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.

12. George Bernard Shaw is considered to be the best known English dramatist since______.

13. In George Bernard Shaw's plays, ______is reduced to a min­imum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds of the characters maintain the interest of the audience.

14. D. H. Lawrence's poems fall roughly into three categories— satirical and comic poems, poems about human relationship and emotions, and poems about ______.

15. "Araby" from Dubliners is a tale of the frustrated quest for _____ in the midst of drabness.

C. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.

( ) 1. With an entirely new sense of reality, Osborne brought vital­ity to the English theater and became known as the first "An­gry Young Man. "

( ) 2. Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play about the economic op­pression of women.

( ) 3. John Galsworhty is a radical writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical real­ism such as Dickens and Thackeray.

( ) 4. The major themes of Yeats's later poetry are usually Celtic legends, local folktales, or stories of the heroic age in Irish history.

( ) 5. In a certain way, Yeats's experiments in drama anticipated the abstract movement of modern theater.

( ) 6. T. S. Eliot was one of the important verse dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century.

( ) 7. In his works, D. H. Lawrence has expressed a strong reac­tion against the mechanical civilization.

( ) 8. The French symbolism, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.

( ) 9. The modernist writers concentrate more on the public than on the private, more on the objective than on the subjective.

( ) 10. The early poems of Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot and William Butler Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry. "

( )11. One feature of George Bernard Shaw's characterization is that he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another.

( )12. In John Galsworthy's works, the two classes often appear in contrast; a dull, parasitic and inhuman class of the rich and an oppressed, but rebellious and unyielding class of the poor.

( )13. The Man of Property is the last novel of the Forsyte trilogies which tell the ups an downs of the Forsyte family from 1886 to 1926.

( ) 14. "Leda and the Swan" expresses a tragic sense of history as a series of patterns of behavior and action.

( )15. William Butler Yeats is a great poet as well as an accom­plished novelist.

( )16. T. S. Eliot is both a great poet and a successful verse drama­tist , but he has made no efforts in prose writing.

( )17. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is intensely romantic with visual images.

( )18. D. H. Lawrence, by presenting the psychological experience of individual human life and of human relationships, has opened up a wide new territory to the novel.

( )19. All of James Joyce's novels and short stories have the same setting: Ireland, especially Dublin, and the same subject; the Irish people and their life.

( ) 20. Ulysses is, in fact, not a novel, since there is virtually no story, no plot, almost no action , and little characterization in the usual sense.

D. Name the author of each of the following literary works.

I. Mrs. Warren's Professio 2. The Man of Property 3. "Sailing to Byzantium" 4. Cathleen ni Houlihan

5. "The Lake Isle of Innisfree"

6. "Down by the Salley Gardens"

7. The Hollow Men 8. The Waste Land

9. Murder in the Cathedral

10. "Tradition and Individual Talent"

11. "The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock"

12. Sons and Ijyvers

13. The Rainbow 14. Women in Love

15. Dubliners

16. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

17. Ulysses

E. Define the literary terms listed below.

1. Modernism

2. Stream of Consciousness

F.

A) For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.

1. "And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow,

Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

There midnight's all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow, And evening full of the linnet's wings, I will arise and go now, for always night and day I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore; While 1 stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray, I hear it in the deep heart's core. "

2. " In a field by the river my love and I did stand,

And on my leaning shoulder she laid her snow-white hand. She bid me take life easy, as the grass grows on the weirs; But 1 was young and foolish, and now am full of tears. "

3. " And indeed there will be time

To wonder, 'Do I dare? 'and, 'Do 1 dare? '

Time to turn back and descend the stair,

With a bald spot in the middle of my hair—

(They will say: 'How his hair is growing thin! ')

My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,

My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin—

(They will say: 'But how his arms and legs are thin! ')

Do I dare

Disturb the universe?

In a minute there is time

For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse. "

B) Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.

1. "What sort of mother do you take me for! How could you keep your self-respect in such starvation and slavery! And whats a woman worth? Whats life worth! without self-respect! Why am I independent and able to give my daughter a first-rate education, when other women that had just as good opportunities are in gutter? Because I always knew how to respect myself and control myself. "

A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which this passage is taken.

B. Who is the speaker?

C. Summarize the theme of the work in one or two sentences.

2. "Her eyes met his, and he looked away. He neither believed nor disbelieved her, but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking; he never had known, never would know, what she was thinking. The sight of her inscrutable face, the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that, soft and passive, but so unreadable, unknown, en­raged him beyond measure. "

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.

B. What is the relationship between him and her?

C. As far as their relationship is concerned, what is indicated in the passage?

3. " You know," he said to his mother, "I don't want to belong to the well-to-do middle class. I like my common people best. I belong to the common people. "

But if anyone else said so, my son, wouldn't you be in a tear. You know you consider yourself equal to any gentle­man. "

In myself," he answered, "not in my class or my education or my manners. But in myself I am."

"Very well, then. Then why talk about the common people?" "Because — the difference between people isn't in their class, but in themselves. Only from the middle classes one gets ideas, and from the common people — life itself, warmth. You feel their hates and loves. "

A. Identify the author and the title of the novel from which the dialogue is taken.

B. What does the mother expect her son to be?

C. How do you understand the meaning of his words "but in myself I am"?

4. "Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom. I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her words and features were like fingers running upon the wires. "

A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.

B. Is the speaker a child or an adult?

C. What does the passage describe?

G. Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. Comment on the characteristics of Modernist literature.

2. What are the features of modern poetry?

3. What are the features of George Bernard Shaw's characteriza­tion?

4. Comment on the plots of George Bernard Shaw' plays. 54

5. What is the theme of John Galsworthy's The Man of Proper­ty!

6. Briefly introduce William Butler Yeats's poetic career.

7. What kind of poem is "The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock"?

8. Briefly introduce and comment on The Waste Land.

H. Short essay questions.

1. Analyze T. S. Eliot's literary creation and literary achieve­ments.

2. Write an essay on D. H. Lawrence.

3. Introduce and comment on James Joyce and his major works.