高中英语定语从句讲解详版

单词分类（词性）

名词 n.  代词 pron.   动词 v.  形容词 adj.  副词 adv.

句子成分（构成句子的各个部分）

主要成分：主语和谓语

次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语、补足语

主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无

句子成分	意义	充当词类	例句
主语	表示句子说的是什么人或什么事	名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子（同主语）	We study in the  school.
谓语	说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样	动词或动词词组	She is dancing.
宾语	表示动作行为的对象	名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子（同主语）	Both of us like English.

定语：修饰名词和代词的成分.  E.g  a buautiful flower    a tall boy

定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句

This is the best film that I have seen.

1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3.关系代词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词。

关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose等;关系副词:when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：

A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

This is the film which I saw yesterday.

Here are two pictures that are taken from the film

Relative pron:  （引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语）

A:指人   主: who / that     宾: whom / who / that   定: whose

B:指物   主: which / that    宾: which  / that       定: whose

关系代词

1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

The man who I talked with is our teacher

A person  who steals things is called a thief.

2.. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)

The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li

The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li

3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省

These are the trees which were planted last year. 

This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan

Is this the library from which you borrow books

4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语  (作宾语可省略）

A plane is a machine. It can fly.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

He is the man. I told you about him.

He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about

5.whose 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its.  whose指人也指物，指物时 = of which   指人时 = of whom

This is the book whose cover is blue.

This is the book of which the cover is blue.

This is the book the cover of which is blue

Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.

Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq.

Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq.

如何选择关系代词?   who ,whom, whose, which, that

口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物. 后看从句里, 有无主宾语

用适当的关系代词填空：

1.This is the house __________ was built last year

2.The boy _______________ we saw yesterday was John’s brother.

3.The car _______my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

4.That is the man ____________ we were looking for.

选择关系代词时要注意的地方： 只用that 不用which 的8种规则

1.We should do everything _________ is good for our studies.

2.You can take any seat __________ is free.

3.This is the only thing_________ we can do.

4.The is the first place ________ I want to visit.

. 5.This is the most interesting book _________ I have ever read.

. 6.We talked about the things and persons ________ we were interested in.

7.There is little ______ I can do to make up for the lost time.

8.Our school is no longer the place ________ it used to be.

只用which不用that的情况指物，

1.介词后。

2.用于非限制定语从句中

1. This is the train by _______ we went to Beijing.

2..Football, _______ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

who指____,作______（成分）

2. whom指____,作______（成分）

3. which 指____，作_______成分）

4. that 指____，作_______（成分）

5.whose作_____（成分），表___关系，翻译为____，用来代替 _____ .

whose指人也指物，指物时 = ____  指人时 = ____

介词+关系代词   Preposition+which      Preposition +whom

提醒: 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.

1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系  

That’s the newspaper for which I write articles

2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，

Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure.

3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：

1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.

注意： 介词+关系代词  中关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替.  但遇固定词组时，介词一般不作前置

Is this the book (which/that) you arelooking for ?

Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:

1. Are you interested in any songs ____ _____ you’ve listened.

2. Tomorrow is a particular day ____ _____ his daughter will get married.

3. This is the knife ____ _____ I usually cut bread.

4. We can’t live without the sun ____ _____ we get heat and light.

5. The subject ____ _____ Eric is interested is physics.

6. Do you know the girl ____ ______ our head teacher is shaking hands?

7. I can’t find my dictionary ____ _____ I paid over $100 .

8. This is the good car ____ _____ I spent all my money.

9. She is the teacher ______ _______all his students show respect .

10. The teacher ____ _____ you have been waiting is coming in a minute.

Relative adverbs  When, where, why

The usage of the relative adverb

关系副词	指代	所充当的句子成分
when	time	状语
Where	place	状语
why	reason	状语

When 相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.(when=on which=on the day)

先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：

☆ Do you still remember the days _________there was no electricity?

☆ Do you still remember the days ____________we spent together? 

“when” or “which”?

1. I still remember the days ________ we stayed together in Beijing.

2. I still remember the days ________ we spent together in Beijing.

3. I still remember the days ________ we enjoyed ourselves in Beijing.

4. I still remember the days ________ we enjoyed in Beijing.

where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+ which

This is the house where I lived two years ago.(where=in which=in the house)

先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导从句来修饰，试比较：

The place ________Lucy once worked has become a museum.

The place______________ I visited last week is in Shang Hai.

“where” or “which”?

1. That blue house is the place ________ I lived yesterday.

2. That blue house is the place ________ I visited yesterday.

3. That blue house is the place ________ I paid a visit yesterday.

4. That blue house is the place ________ I paid a visit to yesterday

Why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason， 相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）(for which=for the reason)

先行词是the reason时并非都用why

That’s the reason _______he was late.

That’s the reason ____________he gave me.

why” or “which”?

1. Do you know the reason ________ he told me the news last week?

2. Do you know the reason ________ he told me last week?

3. Do you know the reason ________ he was late this morning?

4. Do you know the reason ________ he was late for this morning?

Comparison 比较

1)The room _____  he once lived is still there.

2) The room _____ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.

1)The reason _____ I don’t know is known to him.

2) The reason _____ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time.

1)I will never forget the day_____ I met you.

2) I will never forget the day _____ we spent together.

高考英语语法专题复习---定语从句  as

1. Her bag ,____ ____she put all her money,has been stolen.

2.Xiao Wang , ____ _____ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.

3.My glasses ,______ ______ I can’t see clearly, are nowhere to be seen,

4.The speed_____ ______wild animals are being destroyed has increased.

The book_____ _____ he paid  10 yuan is written by J.K.Rowling.

He is the man _____ ______ I think you can depend .

He referred me to some reference books _____ ______ I am not very familiar.

需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句

In order to get started in this career,I’m willing to accept any position(职位) I can show my abilities.

case(情况) ,situation(情形), point(程度), occasion(时机)，stage(阶段) …

I often come across some cases ______ children are abused by adopted parents.

2. I often come across some cases __________ are looked into by the police.

1.The families _______ members get along well  are always harmonious.

2. The families ____________ consist of many members  are big families.

1.  We have got to the point _____ we have nothing to say to each other.

2.  I can’t understand the point _____ the teacher is explaining.

as 与 which 的区别

★as一般代替整个句子, 作主语或宾语,从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如” ，“或像…一样”.只放在肯定句中

as sb know/see/expect / suppose    as is known /seen/expected/ supposed

 as is mentioned       as is often the case    the same/such/ so/as ----as

the same----as…    the same … that…

This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。

This is the same book that I lost.  这本书就是我丢的那本。

such/ so----as…    such/ so … that…

This is such an interesting book ____ we all like. as 作主语或宾语(定语从句)

This is such an interesting book ____we all like it. that不作任何成分(结果状语从句)

众所周知，地球是圆的。

___ is known to all, the earth is round.

=____ we all know, the earth is round.

=the earth is round, _______ is known to all.

= ____is known to all that the earth is round.

=____ is known to all is that the earth---

which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;表示“这一点，这件事”

对比练习

1._______ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.

2 Tom has made great progress, _______ made us happy.

He came here very late, _______ was unexpected (not expected).

He came here very late, _______we expected.

He is such a good teacher ______ every student respects him.

He is such a good teacher ______ every student respects.

I’ve found the same pen ______ I lost last week.

I’ve found the same pen ______ you bought  last week.

定语从句与并列句易混句型

1).

a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _____ were black with disease.

b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ____were black with disease.

2).

a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _____there  is a pair of glasses

b. The professor is a little man, and nose of ______there  is a pair of glasses

解题点拨 :是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。

He has 3 sons, none of _____ lives here.

He has 3 sons,but none of ____lives here.

I like the house, because the door of ___ is beautiful.

I like the house, the door of ______ is beautiful.

I have many books, and most of ______ are in English.

I have many books, most of ______ are in English.

定语从句的“隔离”现象

1.The wrong you’ve done to him is terrible, for _____ I think you should make an apology to him.

A.this      B. which   C. what         D. that

2) The time is not far away _____ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.

A. as       B. when     C. until       D. before

I met my best friend in the park ______ I  spent the whole childhood with .

I met my best friend in the park ______ I  spent the whole childhood .

定语从句与强调句之间不可不说的故事

1)

a. It is in this room _____I lived last year.

b. It is the room _______I lived last year.

2)

a.It was at seven o’clock _____he went to school  this morning.

b. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning.

解题点拨：

强调句型：

It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它…

去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立;

而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份

1.It was the boy ___ had been in prison ___ stole the money.
  A. who, where    B. that, how   C. who, that        D. that, which

2.It was just in the room ____ he was born ___ he died.
  A. where, which   B. that, that   C. where, that       D. which, that

3.It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood.

1. which; that   B. that; where    C. which; which    D. that; which

4.It was playing computer games ________ cost the boy plenty of time _________he ought to have spent doing his lessons.

1. which; that    B. that; where    C. which; which    D. that; which

5.It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision ___  turned out to be completely wrong.

    A. when; which   B. where; what   C. then; so       D. that; that

6.It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that    B. that, which      C. which, which   D. that, where

7.Could it be in the restaurant ____ you had dinner with me yesterday ____ you lost your handbag?

     A. that; which      B. which; that    C. where; that     D. that; where

如何判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： 

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例： 

1．Is this museum ________ you visited a few days ago? 

A．where   B．that    C．on which   D．the one 

2．Is this the museum ________ the exhibition was held? 

A．where   B．that    C．on which   D．the one 

例1变为肯定句：This museum is _______ you visited a few days ago. 

例2变为肯定句: This is the museum _______ the exhibition was held. 

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既作了主句的表语，又可作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 

在句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分缺句子的状语，表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组可用介词in＋which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。 

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。