英语教师基本功竞赛决赛笔试翻译题(60分-70分)

一、现代教育理念（每小题1分）

1、如果你没准备犯错，你将无缘得到原创的东西。
• “If you’re not prepared to be wrong, you’ll never come up with anything original.”

2、创造力在教育界与文化素养一样重要，我们应该用同等地位对待它们。
• “Creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.”

3、世界各地每一个教育系统都有相同的学科分层。在顶层就是数学和语言，其次就是人性，底层就是艺术。
• “Every education system on Earth has the same hierarchy of subjects: at the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and the bottom are the arts.”

4、我深有感触地意识到：我们如果没有在成长中获得创造力，就意味着我们在创造力之外成长，在没有获得创造力的环境中接受教育。
• “I believe this passionately: that we don’t grow into creativity, we grow out of it. Or rather, we get educated out of it.”

5、一般来说“教授们”生活在他们的头脑中，他们只会认为他们自己的身体对头脑来说只是一种交通工具的形式而已。只是通过身体将他们的头脑带入会场而已。
• “Typically [professors] live in their heads. … They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads. It’s a way of getting their head to meetings.”

6、如果大家在谈论自己一生的成就时候，相当多的人们纵观他们自己的一生也难以察觉到他们自己的天赋可能是什么。
• “Very many people go through their whole lives having no real sense of what their talents may be, or if they have any to speak of.”

7、“人力资源正如自然资源一样，它们通常都是掩埋很深。你必须要去主动探寻它，否则它们不会在地球表面躺着被你发现。”
• “Human resources are like natural resources; they’re often buried deep. You have to go looking for them, they’re not just lying around on the surface.”

8、世上没有任何系统或某个国家的学校比它们的老师更好，教师是学校成功的生命血液。
• “There is no system in the world or any school in the country that is better than its teachers. Teachers are the lifeblood of the success of schools.”

9、人类生命中是存在固有的创造力，这也正是我们大家都有不同简历的原因。它体现了人类文化是如此有趣、多样和富有动力。
• “Human life is inherently creative. It's why we all have different résumés. … It's why human culture is so interesting and diverse and dynamic.”

10、政府认定他们最了解情况，所以他们总是要告诉你怎么做。教育中的麻烦问题并不会自己跑进立法大厦的专业委员会的会议厅。学校和教室内解决问题的是教师和学生。如果他们丧失判断力，一切都无法正常进行包括学习。
• “Governments decide they know best and they're going to tell you what to do. The trouble is that education doesn't go on in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings. It happens in classrooms and schools, and the people who do it are the teachers and the students. And if you remove their discretion, it stops working.”

11、教育中真正的领导力并不应该被掌控，教育领导者的真正角色是学习环境-气候的控制、创设学习可能性的气候。
• “The real role of leadership in education … is not and should not be command and control. The real role of leadership is climate control, creating a climate of possibility.”

12、建构知识和技能在我的学习过程中相互依存的，这样才能导致学习的创新和变革。研究变革的范式对教育者是从基于内容的教学到基于技能的教学。In my experience, building knowledge and skills are interrelated parts of the learning process that leads to creating innovators. I have experienced the challenges of the change in paradigm from content-based to competency-based teaching and learning.

13、教育者实施起来要经历一个陡峭的学习曲线，最后导致两个极端（基于内容的教学、基于技能的教学）的动摇和钟摆现象暂且不得不平息下来。Implementation involves a steep learning curve for educators and a realization that the pendulum does eventually have to rest somewhere between the two extremes（from content-based to competency-based teaching and learning） of its oscillation.

 

二、教师专业发展观念的认同程度（每小题1分）

14.Understanding what motivates individual students in a class is complicated.

  理解班上学生个体学习动机是复杂的。

15.A student’s motivation to learn in a particular subject area can change from day to day.  学生在具体某特定学科的学习动机会天天产生变化。

 

16.Although it may not be on purpose, teachers are often the reason some students lack motivation.  虽然不是故意的，但是教师常被认为是一些学生丧失学习动机的主因。

17.In general, most students need someone else to get them motivated to learn.

  总而言之，大部分学生需要有人激励他们去学习的动机。

18.If students are unmotivated to learn in school, students can do things to get motivated.  如果学生在校的学习动机没有被激发，学生能通过做事情来获取学习动机。

19.If students are highly motivated, it’s usually because they see the value of what they are learning in school.

  如果学生学习动机得到较大激发，通常是因为他们明白了在校学习的价值。

20.The basis of students’ motivation is whether what they are learning taps into their interests.  学生学习动机的基础是取决于他们的学习是否转入到他们的兴趣方面。

21.Competition is a major source of why students are motivated to learn in school.

  竞争是在校学生学习动机被激发的主要来源。

22. Students get highly motivated when what they are learning in school is relevant to their lives.  当在校学习内容与生活相关时，学生的学习动机得到较大激发。

23. Students are motivated to learn in school because they want to understand new skills.  学生在校学习动机得到激发是因为他们想了解新的技能。

24. Praise from their teachers is an important source of motivation for most students.   教师对学生的表扬是大多数学生学习动机的重要来源。

25. Most students are motivated to learn in school if their teachers are entertaining.   如果教师的教学是愉快的，大多数学生的学习动机能得到激发。

26. Students avoid working hard in school if they think they might fail.

   如果学生认为他们的学习将不及格，他们将避免过于努力学习。

27. A key source of students’ motivation is the tangible rewards they might get.

学生的主要学习动机是他们可能获取有形的物资奖励。

28. Students’ motivation is based mostly on whether they have fun while they are learning.   学生的学习动机大多基于他们学习过程中是否感到有乐趣。

 

29. The main source of students’ motivation is how much they value what they are learning in school.   学生的学习动机主要来源是他们怎样看待自己在校学习的价值。

30.Competing with each other is a major reason some students are highly motivated to learn.  一些学生的学习动机得到较大激发的主因是学生之间的互相竞争。

31.Students often work hard if the learning activity involves competition with their classmates.  如果学习活动涉及到同学之间的相互竞争，他们经常会努力学习。

32.The main reason students are motivated is to make their teachers proud.

  学生学习动机被激发的主因是要令他们的教师感到自豪。

33. Making learning relevant to students’lives is the primary source of their motivation in school.使学生的学习与他们的生活相关才是他们在校学习动机的首要来源。

34. Students’ desire to learn in school comes from experiencing an exciting lesson.

  学生在校的学习欲望来源于对兴奋课堂的经历。

 

三、教师专业发展观念的认同程度（每小题1分）

35. Control disruptive behavior in the classroom?

  对管控课堂上学生捣乱的行为，有信心吗？

36. Provide an alternative explanation or example when students are confused?

  当学生感到困惑的时候，有信心给学生提供举例或解说吗？

37. Wake the desire to learn even among the lowest achieving students?

   有信心唤醒学业成绩低下学生的学习欲望吗？

38. Respond to defiant students?   教学中有信心对付那些目中无人的学生吗？

39. Provide appropriate challenges for very capable students?

   有信心给学有余力的学生提供适当的学习挑战吗？

40. Calm a student who is disruptive or noisy?   有信心能安抚捣乱和嘈杂的学生吗？

41. Establish a classroom management system with each group of students?

      有信心能营造学生课堂小组内的班级管理机制吗？

 

四、教师专业发展（每小题1分）你是否经常在班上实施如下的一些教学策略？

42. I change learning assignments only when students appear to be failing.

   当学生出现成绩不及格的时候，我会改变一下你给他们所布置的作业。

43. I help students feel like they belong in the class.

   我帮助学生找到他们在班上的归属感。

44. I provide activities that are personally challenging to each student.

   我给学生提供彼此个人相互挑战的活动。

45. I help students understand how to link prior knowledge and new information in ways that are meaningful to them.

我能促使学生理解将早前所学知识与当前要学习的新内容建立联系的方法对他们的学习有意义。

46. I ask students to listen to and think about their classmates’ opinions, even when they don’t agree with them.

   即使学生之间的观点不一致，我也要求学生去倾听和思考他们同学的观点。

47. I plan activities that help students understand how they can reflect on their thinking and learning processes.

   我会策划活动帮助学生对他们的思考和学习过程进行反思。

48. I consider how much students have improved when I assess their work.

   当我评价学生的学习时，我会思考他们已经取得了多大的进步。

49. During class, I often provide several different activities so that students can choose among them.

   在课堂上，我经常给学生们提供几种不同的活动，以便他们能从中选择。

50. I acknowledge the work of the highest achieving students as an example.

   我认同优秀学生的作业可以当作范例。

 

 

五、英语教育论文摘要翻译：英译中（二选一。第一篇10分，第二篇20分，自备加纸答题）

Examples of Common Problems in Primary School English Classroom Questioning

Li Fuqiang

( Sanxing Primary School of Dalang Town, Dongguan Guangdong 523795, China)

Abstract： Classroom questioning, as one means of teaching teachers often use, is an important form of heuristic teaching. Effective classroom questioning can help students think actively, inspire students to fully mobilize their enthusiasm. To master the questioning strategies is the main way for teachers to realize the effective classroom teaching. The research focuses on the analysis and common problems in primary school English classroom questioning and some suggestions are put forward as well.

Key words: classroom questioning; questioning strategy; example of questioning; language skill; language output

小学英语课堂提问的常见问题例析（东莞市大朗镇三星小学 李富强）

【摘要】课堂提问作为教师经常运用的教学手段，是进行启发式教学的重要形式，有效的课堂提问能充分调动学生的积极性、激发学生的思考，教师掌握课堂提问策略是实现有效课堂教学的主要途径之一。本研究主要探讨了小学英语课堂提问的常见问题，如教师在提问时缺少追问，不能引导学生进一步思考，未能向学生提供充分的支架语和思考时间，展示性问题和参考性问题分布不均等，随后笔者对上述问题进行了分析及反思，并给出了具体的教学建议，希望能对广大小学英语教师有所帮助，改善目前的课堂提问方式和质量。

【关键词】课堂提问； 提问策略； 问题例析； 语言技能； 语言输出

Moral Reasoning: Hints and Allegations

Joseph M. Paxton, Joshua D. Greene

Department of Psychology, Harvard University  哈佛大学心理学系 约瑟夫M帕克思顿 等人

Abstract  Recent research in moral psychology highlights the role of emotion and intuition in moral judgment. In the wake of these findings, the role and significance of moral reasoning remain uncertain. In this article, we distinguish among different kinds of moral reasoning and review evidence suggesting that at least some kinds of moral reasoning play significant roles in moral judgment, including roles in abandoning moral intuitions in the absence of justifying reasons, applying both deontological and utilitarian moral principles, and counteracting automatic tendencies toward bias that would otherwise dominate behavior. We argue that little is known about the psychology of moral reasoning and that it may yet prove to be a potent social force.

Keywords: Dual-process model; Moral judgment; Moral reasoning; Social intuitionist model

道德推理：提示与陈述

【摘要】 近期有关道德心理学的研究强调情感和直觉在道德判断中的作用。在获悉这些研究发现之后，道德推理的作用和重要性仍然是不确定的。我们在本文中辨析各类不同的道德推理和证据审查，提出的建议至少有些道德推理在道德判断中发挥了重要的作用，包括在缺乏确凿证据的情况下，放弃道德直觉的作用。应用道义和功利主义道德原则，反对自动支配行为的偏见。我们提出的一点主张是有关道德推理心理学可被证实成为一股强大的社会力量。

【关键词】双重加工模型， 道德判断， 道德推理， 社会直觉模型

 

现场专项技能40分：英语看图说话（抽签选一幅图3-4分钟完成）