三、that ／those的“替代”用法

1. that可以代替前文中的不可数名词, 也可代替前文中的可数名词。当代替单数可数名词时, that相当于the one。that只能指物, 不能指人。例如:

Few pleasures can equal __________ of a drink on a hot day. （NMET'99）

A. some B. any C. that D. those

本题答案是C。that代指pleasure。

The land of China is larger than that of India. （that代指the land）

2. that可以承前代指某个句子, 此时, 可以和it换用, 但that更常用。例如:

Tom had his motorbike stolen yesterday. Have you heard of that ／it?

The two men were still following him, that was certain.

3. those可以代替前文中的复数名词, 相当于the ones。例如:

The students in Class 3 are more active than those of Class 4. （those代替students）

4. that通常指上文已提到过的事情, this常指下文将要阐述的内容。例如:

He hurt one of his legs. That is why he was absent from the meeting.

What he is really thinking of is this: he must have somebody to help with it.

四、so可用作替代词, 常用于 think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine, hope, fear, guess, be afraid等之后。so替代前文中的肯定句, not替代前文中的否定句。

例如:

—Do you suppose that he will beat his groupmate?

—I suppose so. （so代替“he will beat his groupmate”一句）

—Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

— __________.

A. I don't believe it B. I don't believe

C. I believe not so D. I believe not

本题答案为D。not代指“it is not going to rain over the weekend”。

五、do ／does ／did可以用来替代前文中的谓语动词词组。

例如:

—Tom won the first prize in the contest.

—So he did. （did ＝won the first prize）

Li Ming works harder than she does. （does ＝works hard）

六、不定式to可以用来代替前文中的动词或动词词组。例如:

—Will the Smiths go abroad this summer?

—No, they finally decided __________. （NMET'95）

A. not going B. not to go C. not to D. not to be going

本题答案是C。not to ＝not to go abroad.

—You ought to have come here ten minutes ago.

—I __________, but the train was late. （上海’96）

A. ought to B. ought to have

C. ought to come D. have ought to

本题答案是B。ought to have ＝ought to have come..., have不可省略。

七、if any ／if so ／if not可以用来代替前文中的整个句子。

例如:

—He will come to attend our meeting tomorrow.

—If so, we will be very glad for it. I think they will arrive there tomorrow afternoon. If not, they will be scolded.

There used to be few trees, if __________. （94’上海）

A. any B. some C. anything D. something

本题答案A。if any ＝if there used to be trees。

过关练习: 请选出符合题意的最佳答案。

1. __________ of the plants has air around __________.

a. Not every one; it b. None; one

c. None; them d. Not every one; one

2. The population of Beijing is larger than __________ of Jinan.

a. one b. this c. that d. it

3. He felt __________ duty to work for human rights and progress.

a. his b. it his c. that his d. that is his

4. —The president has accepted me as his assistant.

— __________

a. Wish you success. b. I hope so.

c. Wonderful! d. Congratulations!

5. Would you be so kind as to stop smoking here? For I can't stand __________.

a. them b. this c. it d. you

6. The students who win the first prize are not always __________ with the best brains.

a. these b. them c. ones d. the ones

7. Is this novel __________ Tom likes best?

a. one b. the one c. it d. which

8. The nights there in summer are longer than __________ in winter.

a. them b. these c. that d. those

9. His answer is like __________, “One should never be too sure of oneself."

a. this b. that c. it d. such

10. —I'm going down to the shop after school.

---Will you go with me?

— __________? I'd love to.

a. When b. Where c. Why not d. What

11. —Have you seen the film“The Sound of Music?"

—Not yet, but I __________. （上海’98）

a. expect to b. expect so

c. think so d. expect that

12. __________ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

a. It b. That c. As d. What

 

答案:

1—5 acbdc 6—10 dbdac 11—12 ac