情 态 动 词

1、情态动词 + have done sth

     这个结构有着特殊意义：用来表示猜测（设想可能发生过什么事情）或

     想象（设想可能出现过什么不同的情况）

  ①should (ought to) have done sth  本来该做而未做

       This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.

  ②need have done sth   本来有必要做而未做

       You needn’t have told her the news.

  ③must have done sth   对过去所做动作的肯定推测

        ---We went to Paris.     ---That must have been nice.

  ④can have done sth    对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测

       I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.

       Where can John have put the matches?

  ⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事，与could相比，may和

      might可能性较小，might 可能性更小；might 也可表示过去可能发生

      而未发生的事情。

        Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.

        You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself

⑥could have done sth

     ●推测过去”可能“发生某事（同can, 但can不用肯定句）

          She could have gone off with some friends.

     ●表示过去没有实现的可能性：某事可能发生，但却没有发生

          You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.

     ●表示有能力做而未做（虚拟语气）

           You could have helped me !

                 (You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)

2、can     could     be able to       表示”能力“

     ●can 通常表示现在的或”一般的能力“---即你无论什么时候想做就能

            做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。

             You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.

  ●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。

will be able to 表示将来的能力

              I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.

     ●could 表达  ”一般的能力“---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么

              She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.

         但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力，此时用was able to,

          managed to 或 succeeded in 等

             How many eggs were you able to get ? 

3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“

　　●可用来表示：①理论上的可能性（不涉及是否真发生）；②提出建议

　　　（提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动）；③在问句或否定

　　　　句中表达现在的可能性）

           Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.　　①

           ---What shall we do ?       ---We can try asking Lucy for help.　②

           Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly?　　　　③

　　●may　可用来表达：①将来的可能性；②说话时某事可能是真实的

            We may go climbing this summer.　　　①

            You may be right.　　　　　　　　　　②

　　●could / might　可用来表示：　①说话时某事可能是真实的；②将来

　　　　某事有可能发生，但不表示特别可能发生。

             You could be right, but I don’t think you are.　　①　

              It could rain later on this evening.　　　　　②

４、can,  could,  may 和might表示“允许”

　　 ①请求允许：它们都可以表示请求允许做某事,could 和 might并

　　　　不是表示过去

　　　　Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?

　　 ②允许：当我们允许某人做某事时，我们用can和may来表达，而

　　　　不能使用could和might

           You may / can watch TV for as long as you like.

                  (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒绝”的意思）

　　　---Could I use your phone? 

           ---Yes, of course you can /may.  (No, you can’t / may not.)

 ５、can和could表示提议和请求

　　　它们常用来提议为某人做某事或请求别人做某事，could更客气，更

　　含尊敬的成分，这种用法常见于陈述句和疑问句中

　　①提议：　　　Can  I carry your bag ?

              I could / can do the shopping for you, if you’re tired.

　　②请求和命令： Could / Can you help me with this letter?

              You can / could start by cleaning the car.

 ６、情态动词will

    ①预测未来（第一人称用shall)，或发布命令

     ---There’s someone coming up the stairs.

     ---That’ll be Mary.                  You’ll start work at six o’clock.

　②自愿与意向

　　●I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主动提出做某事，或表达

　　　　坚定的意图

          ---Can somebody help me ?      --- I will.

           I’ll break your neck.

       ●will you常用来提出要求或下命令，或提出请求

            Will  you come this way, please?

            Will you have some more wine ?

       ●用won’t表示拒绝

　　　　No, I won’t !                  She won’t open the door.

 ７、shall      用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见(说话人做某事)。

用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

 8、常用情态动词的回答

　       ①---Must we hand in our plan ?

             ---Yes, you must.      (No, you needn’t.)

         ②---Need I come ?

              ---Yes, you must.      (No, you needn’t.)

         ③---May I smoke here ?

              ---Yes, please.    (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )

                       (No, you mustn’t. / may not. / Please don’t.)

         ④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ?   (提议)

                (---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)

             ---Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)

                 (No, thank you.)   (不用No, you can’t.)

         ⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will  you (please) open the door ?(请求)

　　　   ---Yes, of course (I will).  (No, I’m afraid I can’t.)

 情 态 动 词 专 项 练习 

1.He’s in good health. Every morning he ____ for a walk in the park.

A. shall go     B. go     C. will go     D. is going

2. —Would you open the door, please?

  —Yes, I ____.    A.will         B. do     C. would      D. can

3.Whenever I was in trouble, she ____ come to my help.

A.was used to   B. would    C.always    D. should

4.Help me with the heavy box, ____ you?

A. don’t        B.will      C. do       D. shall

5. —____ he open the window?

    —Yes, please.    A. Shall        B. Will     C. Ought    D. Would

6.You ____ that article yesterday.

A. should finish                  B. would have finished

C. should have finished       D. ought to finish

7.Why did you keep it a secret from me? I ____ about.

A.should be told         B. ought to have been told

C.should have told       D. ought to be told

8.She ____ yesterday. Her mother was waiting for her all day.

A. must have come       B. should have come

C. would have come       D. ought to come

9. —There were already five people in the car but they  managed to take me as well.

  —It ____ a comfortable journey.

A. can’t be                    B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been        D. couldn’t have been

10.It’s nearly six o’clock. Tom ____ be here at any moment.

A. ought    B. need     C. should     D. can

11. You are running a fever. You ____ to see the doctor.

A. need go   B. must have gone  C. should go   D. can

12. After two days in the earthquake on May14 the little boy _____ climb out of the debris    A. could   B. should    C. was able to   D. would

13. —Do you have to take care of your father at home?

    —Yes, I ____.   A. will have    B. have to     C. do    D. shall

14.You look very tired. You ____ to bed too late last night.

A. must go   B.must have gone   C. could go   D. didn’t go

15.Mr. Smith promised to come at six, but it is already nine.

     He ____ missed the train.

A. will have    B. has to have    C.may have     D. ought to have

16. A left—luggage office is a place where bags ____be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A. should       B. can       C. must          D. will

17. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A. can          B. must        C. need            D. may

18. — The room is so dirty._____ we clean it?

--Of course.  A. Will      B. Shall     C. Would       D. Do

19. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it?

A. should      B. must         C. could          D. would

20.—Is John coming by train?

---He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must        B. can            C. need        D. may

21.—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

--It ____ true because there was little snow there.

A. may not be   B. won’t be    C. couldn’t be   D. mustn’t be

22．It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all the paper have been collected.

A. can        B. will       C. may         D. shall

23.—I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.___ I have a look?

--Yes, certainly.    A. Do      B. May        C. Shall       D. Should

24. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I ____ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat            B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten       D. mustn’t eat

25.I was really anxious about you. You ___ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave            B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left         D. needn’t leave

26. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen ___ be so rude to a lady.

A. might          B. need        C. should           D. would

27. I wonder how he ___ that to the teacher.

A. dare to say    B. dare saying    C. not dare say   D. dared to say

28. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _______ get the work done. 

(2006年上海春季高考题) A. can't   B. may not    C. shouldn't  D. mustn't       

29. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.  (2005年北京高考题)

A. should   B. must    C. wouldn’t    D. can’t         

30. —Why didn’t you attend the lecture yesterday?

—I didn’t think that we _______ on Sundays.

A. should   B. ought to have   C. shouldn’t have .   D.will have to    

31. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. (2005年重庆高考题)  

  A. should have been doing     B. must have been doing

C. could have done          D. would have done     

32. —I hear you have written a novel.

—Yes, the book _______ be out in a month or also. (2006年安徽模拟题)

A. can     B. dare   C. should    D. need           

33. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _______ get up early and go fishing.    (2006年盐城模拟题)

   A. could     B. would  C. might    D. should          

34. —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.

—It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005年广东省高考题)

A. could be   B. will be  C. mustn’t be    D. has to be        

35. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

     (2005年天津高考题)

A. shouldn’t    B. couldn’t    C. mustn’t    D. needn’t       

36. —The women biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

   —Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (2005年江苏省高考题)

A. may go through            B. might go through

C. ought to have gone through     D. must have gone through    

37. Helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. ( 05年安徽 )

A. shall     B. must    C. may       D. can               

38. Tom, you _______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! ( 05年全国I 题)

A. wouldn’t     B. mustn’t     C. needn’t     D. may not              

39. There _______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have 

practiced a lot in the driving school. (2005年上海高考题)

A. mustn’t     B. shan’t     C. shouldn’t     D. needn’t             

40. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow. (2005年浙江省高考题)

A. should   B. must   C. will   D. can              

41. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

     —She _______. I’ve already borrowed one. (2005年湖南省高考题)

A. can’t      B. mustn’t     C. needn’t    D. shouldn’t          

42. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

—Well. He _______ have gone far—his coat’s still here. (2005年湖北省高考题)

A. shouldn’t     B. mustn’t   C. can’t    D. wouldn’t           

43 . —I’m thinking of losing weight these days. (2006年广东模拟题)    

—Oh, you _______ be out of your mind. You’re 50 kilograms at the most.

A. will     B. should     C. may    D. must              

44. —Are you in a hurry?
—No, in fact, I’ve got plenty of time. I _______ wait. (2006年湖南模拟题)  

    A. must    B. can   C. may    D. should            

45．You _____to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do． A．needn’t to come                  B．don’t need come

C．don’t need coming              D．needn’t come

46．Put on more clothes．You _______be feeling cold with only a shirt on．

    A．can       B．could           C．would         D．must

47．—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well

      —It_______a comfortable journey．    A．can’t be    　B．shouldn’t be    

C．mustn’t have been    D．couldn’t have been

48．I think all drivers _______seat belts．

        A．should wear    B．had better wear    C．can wear    D．have to wear

49．—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow．

— _______.

A．I don’t       B．1 won’t        C．I can’t    D．I haven’t

50．I to1d Sally how to get here，but perhaps I _______it out for her．    

A．had to write B．must have written  C．should have written  D．ought to write

51．Peter _______come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet.

   A．must          B．may              C．can         D．will

52．A computer_______think for itself；it must be told what to do．   

 A．can’t        B．couldn’t        C．need        D．would

53．Jenny_______have kept her word．I wonder why she changed her mind．

    A．must          B．should           C．need        D．would

54． ---Could I borrow your dictionary? 

---Yes，of course you _______．

    A．might         B．will             C．can         D．should

55．—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter．

      —It_______true because there was 1ittle snow there．

A．may not be    B．won’t be    C．couldn’t be    D．mustn’t be 

-情态动词专项练习答案

1-5 CABBA     6-10 CBBDC    11-15 CCBBC   16-20 BABCD

21-25 CDBCB   26-30 CDABA   31-35 BCBAB   36-40 DCBCD

41-45 CCDBD   46-50 DDABC   51-55 BABCC