代       词

 

一、人称代词

1、多个人称代词的排列顺序：          

         ①you and I       ②he and I       ③you and he

         ④you, he and I       ⑤you, they and we(情况多)

2、It 的用法

         ① 代替this, that

              That’s  a book, isn’t it ?

         ② 做某动作的人或婴儿

               ---Someone is coming. Who can it be ?

              ---It may be Jack.

                   It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?

         ③表示时间、距离、自然现象 

                  It’s 20 miles to (from) Paris.

3、简略回答中用so, not, it 的情况：

         ①肯定答语中，下列动词后面常用so:

         think, hope, believe, I’m afraid, It seems (appears), etc.

---Is it true that he had a heart attack?

            ---I’m afraid so.   /   I believe so.     /  It seems so.

         ②否定答语中用not:

          ---Has Anne got into university?

           ---I’m afraid not.    /   I think not.    /  It seems not.

         ③协力动词中也可以用not…so:

             believe, think, suppose, expect, etc

             I don’t believe so.   /   I don’t think so.

         ④do代替上下文动词，并且表示一个已完成的动作时，

                    do后常用so / it:

                 ---Please lay the table.

                 ---I’ve just done so (it).

 

二、指示代词

★that, one, it的区别

     ①one 代替可数名词，表示泛指; the one 表示特指; that代替不可数名

     词 ，表示特指; 它们都可以代替前面提到的同一类事物; it指前面提到的

     同一事物。

         ●There is an old engineer and a young one here.

         ●His attitude to me is that of a friend.

         ●I’ve lost my pen. Have you seen it?  (Have you lend me one?)

 ② the / this / that / these / those + adj. + one / ones

         I’ll try on a few of these shirts. Please pass me that white one.

     ③the one后面可以接介词短语或定语从句

        ●The boy in your class is taller than the one in our class.

        ●The skirt (that) she made herself is more beautiful to wear than

           the one (that) she bought last year.

④ one 不能代替前面提到的不可数名词

         Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh milk.   (不可用 fresh one)

⑤those , ones

        ● These machines are better than those we made last year.

       ●  ---I’d like a pound of apples.

            ---Which ones?

            ---The red (ones).

       ● ---Why don’t we take a little break ?

          ---Didn’t we just have            ? (NMET2000)

             A. it      B. that       C. one      D. this       (C)  

 

三、物主代词

1、名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语，不能作定语

      This is my cup. Yours is the one that’s green.

      These things are mine. Those are theirs.

2、名词性物主代词与 of 结构连用

       That brother of yours looks healthy.

       He is an old friend of mine.

3、下列结构用 the 代替物主代词

       He pulled Jack by the hair (arm).      

       He was wounded in the leg.

       He was blind in the right eye.

 

四、反身代词

1、加强语气（可前可后）

        The headmaster spoke to me himself.

         →  The headmaster himself spoke to me.

      ● Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better

            than they knew  it         .

          A. themselves     B. oneself     C. itself      D. himself  

                                             (NMET 1996)      (A)

2、own： 反身代词无所有格形式，用 own 表达：

     I’d love to have my own room / a room of my own.

 

五、不定代词

1、every      each

       ①every指时间:    every other day, 

           every three days  =  every third day

       ②each放在复数主谓语之间: 

           We each have a book.

       ③each放在句尾:   

           She gave her children an apple each.

 

2、some-        any-         every-         no-

       ①作单数看:     Is there anyone here who is a doctor?

       ②不与 of 连用:        不说　someone of;    no one of. etc

                             可说  some one of;    none of, etc.

       ③＋ adj. / to do (vt.):   Is there anything for me to sit on ?

       ④＋ else:  This isn’t mine. It’s  someone else’s.

 

3、some     any

      ①表示请求、建议的问句用some

          Would you like some (more) coffee ?

      ②some + n.(singl.)

          You will realize it some day.

      ③any在肯定句中表示任何一个（无论哪个）

          Any child can answer that.

          Give me a plate. Any one (plate) will do.

　    ④any (some)  of  ＋　限定词　＋　n.

some of the oil ,       any of my water

 

4、both       all

      ①常用于助动词或情感动词后，但在简答中放在前面

         ● The girls are both ready.

         ● --- Are you ready ?       --- Yes, we both  (all) are.

   ②放在作宾语的宾格代词后面

          He gave some to us all (both).

　    ③all单独用，指人时谓语用用复数；指物时谓语用单数

           ●All is lost.               ● All are here.

 

5、either          neither

       ① either…or;    neither…nor 作主语，谓语的使用是邻近原则

          Neither he nor I am going to London.

　②作定语，修饰单数名词

        Neither (Either) book is satisfactory.

 

6、another        (the) other         (the) others

  ①another　　另外的，另一个的

          Please show me another (one).

          Do you need another cup ?

 ②another ＋　基数词(few) ＋　n.

          I need another three days.   (three more days)

 ③(the) other (＋ n.)     (the) other

           the other six (persons)  /  the others  / the other day

 

7、(a) few         (a) little

   ① few 的搭配

  　      ●We had a good few letter this morning(很多).

　        ●Not a few letters were written to the magazines. (不少)

          ● ---How many do you want ? 

             ---Just a few, please. (不多)

                quite a few (相当多） 

                only a few  (只有几个，几乎没有）

 ② little 的搭配

　       ●There’s only a little soup left.

         ● ---How much do you want ?   

            ---Just a little, please.

 

8、much     many

  ①(much /far) too much           far too many

         Your son got much (far) too much pocket money.

         There are far too many accidents at this crossing.

      ②much修饰　●形容词和副词的比较级或最高级　

●比较级＋不可数名词

             There’s much / far less water in the river than usual.

　      many修饰“比较级 + 可数 名词复数”

            There are many / far more people than I expected.

 

9、全部否定与部分否定

    ①全部否定用词

        neither    nothing     no one     nobody    none

      ②not与all, both, every, every- 连用时表示部分否定

           Not all his work is successful.

 

EXERCISE 1  (单选)

 

1．  I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with            .

      A. everything       B. anything       C. something       D. nothing

2. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like

    to read           stories by writers from          countries.

     A. some, any       B. other, some     C. some, other     D. other, other

3. I hate        when people talk with their mouths full.

      A. it           B. that            C. these           D. them

4. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember        .

      A. where         B. there      C. which          D. that

5. ---Are the new rules working ?    ---Yes.         books are stolen.

     A. Few             B. More       C. Some           D. None

6. Few pleasures can equal         of a cool drink on a hot day.

     A. some         B. that             C. any            D. those

7. ---Why don’t we take a little break ?     --- Didn’t we just have           ?

     A. it    B. one    C. that     D. this                 (ACACABB)

8.It is the ability to do the job          matters not where you come from or

   what you are.    A. one      B. what       C. that        D. it

9.The Pakers bought a new house but         will need a lot of work before

    they can move in.    A. they    B. it     C. one       D. which

10. ---Do you want tea or coffee ?      ---        . I really don’t mind.

    A. Both             B. None         C. Either          D. Neither

11.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank

     needs         for the poor.   

A. more    B. much      C. many     D. most

12. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have            .

      A. it             B. there            C. them           D. one

13.---When shall we meet again ?     ---Make it          day you like; it’s all

      the same to me.     A. one      B. any      C. another       D. so

14. If this dictionary is not yours,           can it be ?     

  A. what else    B. who else     C. which else’s    D. who else’s      (CBCADBD)

15.They were all very tired, but         of them would stop to take a rest.

       A. any          B. some           C. none         D. neither

16. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,          was true.

       A. he         B. this             C. which          D. who

17. It doesn’t matter whether there is only coffee or tea.          will  do.

       A. Any            B. Both         C. Either         D. Neither

18. He had little money, so he didn’t lend me             .

       A. some           B. it             C. much        D. any

19. Money doesn’t mean               .                A. everything

       B. anything              C. any thing           D. something

20. In this small town,           knows           .  

    A. anybody, somebody       B. everybody, nobody    

    C.everybody,every           D.somebody,anybody

                   (CCCDAC)

 

EXERCISE 2    (改错，每句一错）

 

1. Everything is better than nothing.      (Anything is  / Something is)

2. ---What’s on the table?        ---No one.         ( None → Nothing)

    ---How many books are on the table?       ---None.

3. These shirts are expensive, but which we saw the other day were more

     expensive.           (but those we saw)

4. ---Do you have a camera ?

    ---No, but my father has it. He bought it a week ago.      (has one)

5. When it discovers good flowers, a bee flies back to the hive and tells

    others. It does this by dancing for them.     (tells the others)

6. ---I’d like some coffee.

    ---Sorry, there’s nothing at the moment.         (there’s none)

7. ---Here we have noodles, rice, dumplings and so on. What would you

    like ?             --- Everything is OK.          (Anything is OK.)

8. Mary  sends both you her love.    (both of you)

9. Everybody has got two personalities-----the one that is shown to the

    world and another that is secret and real.          (and the other)

10.I was the first person in my family who would attend a university, and I

     knew how proud my parents were, but it was impossible for him to

     finance my education.                     ( for them to…)