加载中…资料：英美大学职位的名称（教授&导师）
(2018-04-03 22:05:58)
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大学教职英国美国名称分别 |
分类： 英语教育 |
资料：英美大学职位的名称（教授&导师）
[]Tutor (education)
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
In the British higher education system a
Tutor is an officer of a college responsible for the pastoral care
of a number of students in cognate disciplines;[1] as against a
Director of Studies in Cambridge who is responsible for the
academic progress of a group of students in their own
discipline,[2] with both Tutors and Directors of Study answering to
a Senior Tutor.
In the University of Oxford, the Senior
Tutor is responsible, on a day-to-day basis, for all academic
matters; welfare and pastoral issues; and for coordinating
strategic planning of all aspects of the College’s academic
activities and consulting with the Academic Committee about planned
academic developments or substantive changes to current practice
and policy. The Senior Tutor acts with the University President and
other colleagues on fellowship appointments, applications and
enquiries. The Senior Tutor also acts as Tutor for Admissions, and
is responsible for deciding whether applicants should be admitted
to membership of the College. Additionally, the Senior Tutor
oversees the College’s Communications Department, Library, Archives
and the administration of the Common
Room
[]研究生导师一般是supervisor，含有监督者的意思。
advisor也可以指导师，还可以指一般意义上的咨询意见提供者。
人生的导师一般是mentor，偏重精神上的指导。
具体课程的指导可以成为tutor，家教也是这个单词。
In academia, a supervisor is a
senior scientist or scholar who, along with their own
responsibilities, aids and guides a postgraduate research student,
or undergraduate student, in their research project; offering both
moral support and scientific insight and guidance. The term is used
in several countries for the doctoral advisor of a graduate
student.
Academic advisor, an employee of
a college or university who helps students to select courses or an
academic major, and engaging in short term and long term
educational planning (in some countries, the professor who offers a
student academic/methodologic assistance to prepare the work/thesis
job necessary to obtain the degree).
An adviser or advisor is normally
a person with more and deeper knowledge in a specific area and
usually also includes persons with cross-functional and
multidisciplinary expertise. An adviser's role is that of a mentor
or guide and differs categorically from that of a task-specific
consultant. An adviser is typically part of the leadership, whereas
consultants fulfill functional roles.[1]
The spellings adviser and advisor have
both been in use since the sixteenth century.[2] Adviser has always
been the more usual spelling, though advisor has gained frequency
in recent years and is a common alternative, especially in North
America.
Usage of the two words is normally a
matter of choice but they should not be used together in the same
document. The Associated Press prefers (AP Stylebook) the use of
"adviser" but Virginia Tech (style guide) gives preference to
"advisor" stating, "which is used more commonly in academe" and
"Adviser is acceptable in releases going to organizations that
follow AP style." Purdue University Office of Marketing and Media's
Editorial Style Guide gives preference to "advisor". The European
Commission uses "adviser(s)",the UK has Special advisers, as well
as the Scottish Government, and the United Nations uses Special
Advisers. The US government uses both; Council of Economic
Advisers, Office of the Legal Adviser, Deputy National Security
Advisor (deputy to the President's NSA), Legal "Advisor" (Office
for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy
Combatants), that was part of the team tasked to conduct Combatant
Status Review Tribunals of captives detained in Guantanamo Bay, and
laws Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Bureau of Educational and
Cultural Affairs's Fulbright Program has "advisers".
[]Cambridge
University
Your Tutor is your representative
in College and in the University, and takes an interest in your
wellbeing and progress and can offer help and advice on any matter
- academic, social, financial, medical or personal.
Undergraduate students must see their
Tutor at the beginning and end of each term. He
or she will also be happy to meet you at any other point. All
students can contact their Tutor directly by email to arrange a
meeting at a mutually convenient time. It is important that you get
to know each other so that you have a good basis to work together
to deal with any issue that may
arise.
A Tutor's key roles
include:
Advising on academic issues, work/life
balance etc.Offering support if you face personal difficulties,
such as homesickness, bereavement or relationship
trouble.Supporting you in extracurricular activities and advising
on applications for travel grants and funds.Supporting you in
applications for maintenance bursaries and other funding and
advising on financial problems.Acting as a referee in job
applications.Representing your interests if you get into trouble
with the College, University, or Police.Supporting you (and if
necessary liaising with your Director of Studies or the Board of
Examinations) should you be taken ill.Offering advice if you are
considering changing subjects.
Although your personal Tutor will deal
sensitively with any issue, if you would prefer to discuss a
particular matter with any other Tutor, you are welcome to contact
them.
[]the Trinity College
Dublin
What is a Tutor?
A Tutor is a member of the academic
staff who is appointed to look after the general welfare and
development of the students in his/her care. Whilst the Tutor may
be one of your lecturers, this is not always the case as the role
of College Tutor is quite separate from the teaching
role.
Tutors are a first point of contact and
a source of support, both on arrival in College and at any time
during your time in College. They provide CONFIDENTIAL help and
advice on personal as well as academic issues or on anything that
has an impact on your life. They will also, if necessary, support
and defend your point of view in your relations with the
College.
For example, you would contact your
Tutor for help and advice on issues such as:
course choices
exam results
family conflicts
bereavement
financial difficulties
taking a year out
Your Tutor can make sure you are
supported and that any negative impact on your studies is
reduced.
[]Teaching assistant
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Assistant
Teacher.
For teaching assistants in UK schools,
see Teaching assistant (United Kingdom).
A teaching assistant interacts with a
reading child
A teaching assistant or teacher's aide
(TA) or education assistant (EA) is an individual who assists a
teacher with instructional responsibilities. TAs include: graduate
teaching assistants (GTAs), who are graduate students;
undergraduate teaching assistants (UTAs), who are undergraduate
students; secondary school TAs, who are either high school students
or adults; and elementary school TAs, who are adults (also known as
paraprofessional educators or teacher's aides). By definition, TAs
assist with classes, but many graduate students serve as the sole
instructor for one or more classes each semester as a teaching
fellow or graduate student instructor.[1][2] Graduate and adult TAs
generally have a fixed salary determined by each contract period
(usually a semester or an academic year); however, undergraduates
and high school students are sometimes unpaid and, in the US and
other countries with the credit system, receive course credits in
return for their assistance. Teaching assistants often help the
main teacher by managing students with learning disabilities, such
as ADHD, Autism, or even physical disabilities, such as blindness
or deafness.
Graduate
Graduate teaching assistants (often
referred to as GTAs or simply TAs) are graduate students employed
on a temporary contract by a department at a college or university
in teaching-related responsibilities. In New Zealand, Australian,
and some Canadian universities, graduate TAs are known as tutors.
North American graduate TA positions provide funding for
postgraduate research—although the main purpose is to provide
teaching support—and it often serves as a first career step for
aspiring academics.[3] TA responsibilities vary greatly and may
include: tutoring; holding office hours; invigilating tests or
exams; and assisting a professor with a large lecture class by
teaching students in recitation, laboratory, or discussion
sessions. Professors may also use their teaching assistants to help
teach discussions during regular class. This gives the graduate
student opportunity to use their teaching skills, as many are in
pursuit of teaching careers. Some graduate students assist in
distance education courses by meeting with the students as
professors are not able to. Graduate TAs should not be confused
with teaching fellows (TFs) or graduate student instructors (GSIs),
who are graduate students who serve as the primary instructors for
courses. However, at some universities the TF and TA titles are
used interchangeably.
Tutorials
In British, Australian, New Zealand,
South African, Italian, Irish and some Canadian universities, a
tutor is often, but not always, a postgraduate student or a
lecturer assigned to conduct a seminar for undergraduate students,
often known as a tutorial. The equivalent of this kind of tutor in
the United States and the rest of Canada is known as a graduate
teaching assistant or a graduate student instructor
(GSI).
[]英国和美国大学的职位
英国United Kingdom
Research and teaching career
pathway
Professor/Chair (equivalent to
distinguished professor)
Reader (equivalent to full
professor)
Senior lecturer/Principal lecturer
(equivalent to associate professor)
Lecturer, clinical lecturer (equivalent
to assistant professor)
Assistant lecturer, demonstrator,
seminar leader, associate lecturer, graduate teaching assistant,
departmental lecturer
Research career pathway
Professor/professorial research
fellow/research professor
Reader
Senior research fellow
Research fellow
Research associate, research
assistant
Teaching career pathway
Senior Tutor
Professorial teaching
fellow
Senior teaching fellow
Teaching fellow
Teaching associate
美国United States
Distinguished, Endowed or University
Professor
Professor
Associate Professor
Assistant Professor
Research Associate, Lecturer, and
Instructor
Adjunct Professor/Lecturer/Instructor
(often part-time)
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