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科斯

(2009-08-10 15:49:23)
标签:

杂谈

分类: 读书笔记

以前我从未觉得每天坚持学习一会英语竟然这样困难!缺乏主动性乃是人之通病啊!

I never think it is so difficult to insist on English study day by day before.All people are short of activity.

make oneself scarce躲开,回避,溜走

Coase (1988b,7) argues that “although economists claim to study the working of the market, in modern economic theory the market itself has an even more shadowy role than the firm.” And he goes on to say that “in the modern microeconomic textbook, the analysis deals with the determination of market prices, but discussion of the market itself has entirely disappeared.” Coase is certainly right with respect to neoclassical microeconomic textbooks that deal with models of zero-transaction-cost type.Herderson and Quandt(1958),for example, say only that in the market, “where consumers and entrepreneurs meet and exchange commodities,” prices are determined.German economists too, like Eucken, a devotee of the “Ordo” analysis (Ordnungsdenken), write only that market consists of the “meeting of supply and demand” (Eucken 1947,175).Eucken adds that what we find in neoclassical microeconomics since Cournot (1838) is the importance of the number of supplies and sellers and the entry conditions.Equilibrium market prices and quantities depend on the number of market participants. This is the famous structure-conduct-performance hypothesis of Bain (1956), which became the core of the field of industrial organization for a number of years (for an overview, see Schmalensee 1987).

科斯认为,“尽管经济学家说要研究市场的运行,在现代经济理论中,相对公司来说,市场本身仍然扮演着更灰暗不为人知的角色”。他还说道,“在现代微观经济学教材里,分析只涉及市场价格的决定,而关于市场本身的讨论则完全看不到”。就处理零交易费用类模型的新古典微观经济学教材而言,科斯无疑是正确的。例如,Herderson and Quandt(1958)认为,在市场上,只有在“消费者和生产者会面并进行商品交易的地方”价格是确定的。德国经济学家如Eucken,“ordo”分析的拥护者,也持有类似观点,认为市场只包含“供给与需求的汇合”。他补充道,古诺(1958)之后的新古典微观经济学中我们发现的是供给者、销售者数量以及市场进入条件的重要性。市场均衡价格和数量取决于市场参与者的数量。这就是Bain著名的结构——传导——行为假说。很多年来这一假说一直是工业组织理论的核心。(更多了解请参考Schmalensee 1987的论文)

——要想快速而准确地翻译,需要不断积累才行。几年不看,这方面的知识快要忘光了,花了二十分钟才大致译完这么点东西,自己都觉得不好意思。又过一天吧。

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