考点09 情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词的基本用法

1． In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.

A．need      B．should       C．can       D．must

2．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ___________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.

A．might      B．must         C．would      D．should

3．—What does the sign over there read？

—“No person___smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”

A．will        B．may      C．shall      D．must

4．One of the few things you ___ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.

A．need                      B．must                      C．should                    D．can

5．Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.

A．should                   B．need                       C．must                      D．can

6．—What’s wrong with the door?

—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.

A．shouldn’t               B．mustn’t                  C．needn’t                  D．won’t

 情态动词表推测的用法

7．I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

A．mightn’t                       B．mustn’t      C．needn’t              D．couldn’t

8．Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _______ too much at the party last night.

A．could drink        B．should drink    C．would have drunk   D．must have drunk

9．George _________ too far. His coffee is still warm.

A．must have gone   B．might have gone  C．can’t have gone   D．needn’t have gone

10． I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.

A．should leave    B．must have left     C．might leave      D．could have left

11．—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.

A．must                      B．can                        C．would                    D．should

12．—Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.

—You___it in the wrong place.

A．must put     B．should have put    C．might put   D．might have put

  虚拟语气

13．What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.

A．had                        B．will have                C．would have had       D．had had

14． It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.

A．did I know             B．have I known     C．do I know       D．had I known

15．）It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

A．would          B．should            C．could         D．might

16． _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A．It were     B．Were it      C．It was       D．Was it

17 ·江苏There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I  _______ a second chance to become more involved.

A．had        B．will have     C．would have had  D．have had

18．(2016 ·浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.

A．had not fallen   B．would not fall    C．did not fall     D．would not have fallen

19．Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.

A．studied      B．had studied    C．would study  D．might have studied

20．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.

A．need have done  B．must have done   C．can have done   D．might have done

21．Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts.

A．may have     B．could have    C．must have had  D．might have had

1．（2019·天津高考真题）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I       there.

A．would be     B．might have been   C．would have been  D．had been

2．（If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A．had been put    B．were put            C．should be put  D．would be put

3．（2019·天津高考真题）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.

A．accomplished     B．had accomplished  C．would accomplish  D．would have accomplished

4．（2016 •天津）I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.

A．were injured     B．would be injured   C．had been injured  D．would have been injured

5．（2016·江苏卷）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.

A．had not been          B．should not be    C．were not to be       D．should not have been

6．（2015·浙江省高考真题）It was so noisy that we      hear ourselves speak.

A．couldn’t                    B．shouldn’t     C．mustn’t  D．needn’t

7．（2014·重庆高考真题）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.

A．can’t                      B．dare not                  C．needn’t                  D．may not

8．（2012·福建省高 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________more places of interest yesterday.

A．visited                       B．had visited      C．would visit        D．would have visited

9．（2020·江苏省高考真题）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.

A．won’t be                B．wouldn’t have been C．wouldn’t be            D．shouldn’t have been

10．（2020·天津高考真题）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .

A．must                      B．can                        C．need                      D．should

11．（2020·天津）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.

A．must                      B．should                    C．mustn’t                  D．shouldn't

1．（2020·天津高三三模）— The girl became the first Chinese signer to stand on the famous international stage.

— She _____ put a lot of work into it.

A．must have              B．should                    C．must                      D．should have

2．（2020·天津高三三模）—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.

—Don’t count on it too much. It ______ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.

A．must                      B．can                        C．should                    D．need

3．（2020·江苏省高三三模）I ______ my friends and relatives during the Spring Festivals, but I had to stay home because of COVID-19 outbreak.

A．should visit         B．might visit     C．would have visited   D．must have visited

4．（2020·江苏省高三模拟）He _____ you he was a qualified agent, but the truth is quite otherwise.

A．must tell                B．could tell                C．should have told      D．might have told

5．（2020·天津耀华中学）Friendship is one of the greatest things in the world, but sometimes it ______be difficult.

A．would                    B．can                        C．should                    D．must

6．（2020·江苏省泰州中学高一期中）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?

—Don’t worry. He ________ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans are.

A．must not                B．need not                 C．would not               D．might not

7．（2020·江苏省高三三模）—Why do you care about him so much?

—You _______ him when he first came out — it was so sad.

A．would have seen     B．should have seen     C．might have seen      D．could have seen

8．（2020·天津高三二模）You _________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.

A．must                      B．should                    C．mustn’t                  D．shouldn't

9．（2020·天津高三一模）—These apples look really tasty.

—They ______! See the price $5.99 a pound. Very expensive, aren't they!

A．should                   B．might                     C．could                     D．would

10．（2020·河北）-It ________Jack who is at the gate of the library.

-It ________him. I saw him off at the railway station just an hour ago.

A．can be; can't be            B．must be; can't be  C．can be; must have been    D．must be; can't have been

11．（2020·河北承德第一中学高一月考）The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ____________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.

A．should have taken                     B．could have taken  C．needn’t have taken  D．mustn’t have taken

12．（2020·江苏省高三月考）During my first year abroad, I was so busy studying and meeting new people that I did not phone my parents as often as I ________.

A．should                   B．would                    C．should have            D．would have

13．（2020·江苏省高三二模）Each new crew member _______ be provided with adequate health and safety protection, according to the Civil Aviation Regulations

A．may                       B．will                        C．shall                      D．can

14．（2020·江西省南昌二中）_____I had more money, I could buy a car.

A．Only if                  B．If ever                    C．If only                   D．Even if

15．（2020·江苏省高三三模）I think that conflict is unlikely to happen, but if it _____, the interests of both sides would be severely damaged.

A．would occur           B．had occurred           C．were to occur          D．occurs

16．（2020·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.

A．breaks        B．has broken      C．were broken    D．had been broken

17．（2020·黑龙江省牡丹江It is necessary that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.

A．was                       B．were                      C．be                          D．is

18．（2020·黑龙江省牡丹江）It is time that the government _____ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A．takes                      B．to take                    C．take                       D．took

19．（2020·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高二月考）To tell the truth, I would rather I _____ the pain instead of you. You don’t know how worried I was.

A．took                      B．had taken                C．take                       D．should have taken

20．（2020·江苏省海安高）Unless you are content with what you have, you would not be satisfied even if it ______.

A．is doubled              B．would be doubled    C．will be doubled       D．were doubled

考点练1．C【考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。

点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。

2．C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈会在周末的时候带我去迪士尼乐园。A.might可能；B.must必须；C.would将，会；D.should应该。would可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据语境判断此处指过去妈妈经常在周末带他去。故选C项。

3．C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：---那边的牌子上写的是什么?---任何人不得在本地区吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。A. will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为要，希望； B. may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为可，可以；C. shall在陈述句中用于第二人称或第三人称，表示说话者的意志、命令、约定、决心、警告、威胁、预言等，意为必须，应该，要，得，给； D. must意为必须, 要,应当。 分析句意可知，词句表示任何都不准在这个区域吸烟或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。故选C项。

4．D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：关于英国人你可以肯定的一点是他们谈论很多的天气。A. need需要；B. must必须；C. should表示责任和义务；D. can可以；能够。根据语境，故选D。

5．D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。A. should应该；B. need需要；C. must必须；D. can能。 can用在否定句和疑问句中可以表示具体的可能性，用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，本句中在伦敦可能能买到便宜货就是理论上的可能性，用can表示。故选D。

6．D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t    不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。

7．C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn't have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据后一句“for my classmates here are very friendly to me.”可知，同学对我非常友好所以我本没必要但心。mightn't也许不；mustn't不允许；couldn't不可能。故选C。

8．D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：哈里感到很不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝得太多了。must have done用于肯定句，表示对过去情况的肯定猜测。可能性较大，一般有一定根据。A.could have done过去本能够做某事，而实际上未做；B.need have done过去本有必要做某事，而实际上未做；D.would have done过去本想要做某事，而实际上未做。根据last night并结合语境可知，该句是对过去有把握的推测，而非与过去事实相反的假设或结果。故选C。

9．C【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done一定不可能做了某事；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。

【点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。“情态动词+have done”的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是表达过去已经发生的事情，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；表达现在或将来发生的事情，用“情态动词+动词/系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中

10．D【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。

【点睛】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。

11．D【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：—对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。—噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。故选D

【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。

12．D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我的词典在哪里？我记得昨天放在这里了。——你或许放错了地方。“might have +动词+ed形式”表示过去可能完成的动作。根据所提供的情景Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.可判断出把词典放在某个地方发生在过去，所以要用“might have +动词+ed形式”。“should have + 动词+ed形式”表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”，是肯定的推测，与所提供的情景的矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。故选D。

13．C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。

14．D【解析】考查虚拟倒装句。句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。

【点睛】

虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。

15．B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。

点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）

16．B【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。根据句意可知，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had +主语...，故选B。

17．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有一次机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。

点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +done。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于表示现在不可能实现的愿望。

18．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。根据句意可知，使用虚拟语气表示与过去相反的事实，if条件句用had done，省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选D。

19．B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。

【点睛】

动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。

分析句子可知，由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。

20．D【解析】考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意：真遗憾啊！考虑到他的能力和经验，他也许可以做得更好。can have done较少使用此结构，表示对过去行为的怀疑；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑；need have done需要做某事，实际上却未做（表示虚拟语气）；must have done一定做了某事（表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测）；might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。故D正确。

【点睛】本题是高考必考考点，一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done本应该做而实际未做。can’t have done过去不可能做了某事；shouldn’t have done 本不应该做而实际做了。need have done本有必要做某事而没做；needn’t have done本没有必要做某事；注意没有mustn’t have done的形式。

21．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们知道接下来发生什么，他们会再想一想。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might have done，故选D。

拓展练1．D  【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。

2．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。

3．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。

4．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。

5．A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。根据下文“我现在不应该在这里”可判断，考查错综时间虚拟条件句，根据从句中的the other day可知，从句表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，使用过去完成时，故A项正确。