宾语从句语序和时态

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宾语从句

【考点扫描】

1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

【名师精讲】

一. 宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或

形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。引导的是陈述句。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?　　（介词宾语）

He asked whose handwriting was the best.         （定    语）

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?        （地点状语）

I don’t know why the train is late.                （原因状语）

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：

1) 引导主语从句时。例如：

Whether he will come to the party is unknown.

2) 引导表语从句时。例如：

The question is whether I can pass the exam.

3) 后面直接跟不定式时，if则不能。例如：

I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.

     4) 介词后面的宾语从句。如：

       We’re talking about whether we’ll go to Hainan for a holiday .

     5) 与or not连用时。如：

       I’d like to know whether he’ll come or not .

二. 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。(无论引导的是陈述句,还是疑问句)

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

三. 宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

It’s said that they have finished the work .                         e

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

(1). 如果宾语从句动作和主句动作紧接发生,则从句用一般过去时态。

.  Mr King didn’t know when his son came home yesterday evening .

     (2). 如果宾语从句动作和主句动作同时发生,则从句用过去进行时态。

         He said that he was mending his computer .

     (3). 如果宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之前,则从句用过去完成时态。

         They asked me where I had gone during the may Day holiday .

     (4). 如果宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之后,则从句用一般将来时态。

         He said that he would come here on time .

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．

    A. if; Whether  B. whether; Whether   C. if; That  D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.

    A. when does he come       B. how will he come  

    C. if he comes        D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

    A. what       B. how       C. whether      D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

    A. how did he mend    B. what did he mend   

    C. how he mended      D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.

    A. whom is she looking after       B. whom she is looking

    C. whom is she looking          D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?

    A. he lives     B. does he   C. he lived      D. did he live

7. Do you know what time _________?
    A. the train leave  B. does the train leave   

       C. will the train leave   D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?

    A. how the two players are old      B. how old are the two players

    C. the two players are how old      D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.

    A. what is their stockings in      B. what is in their stockings

    C. where is their stockings in      D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.

    A. what does Christmas mean      B. what Christmas does mean

    C. what mean Christmas does      D. what Christmas means

 

宾语从句五注意

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宾语从句是用作宾语的从句，它也是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句。在学习宾语从句时， 必须注意以下五个方面的问题：

 

 

一、 注意正确使用引导词

 

 

1． 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that来引导从句，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。如：

 

 

I hear (that) she's going to give me a call.

 

 

Li Tao thought (that) the TV play was interesting.

 

 

2． 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时， 可用if 或whether 来引导从句，意为"是否"。如：

 

 

David asked her if/whether she slept well last night.

 

 

3． 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，用连接代词who/whose/what/which 或连接副词when/where /why/how 来引导。如：

 

 

Do you know where we can stay on the island?

 

 

I don't know why Jane was late for school this morning.

 

 

二、 注意正确使用语序

 

 

在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它，还要注意原来的助动词或情态动词要符合相关的时态。如：

 

 

When did the train leave? I want to know. →I want to know when the train left.

 

 

Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know?→Do you know if/whether the shop closes at six every day?

 

 

三、注意正确使用时态

 

 

1． 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句时态不受限制，可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。如：

 

 

I hear he is here today/he was here yesterday/he will be here tomorrow.

 

 

2．如果主句是一般过去时， 宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。如：

 

 

He said he was watching TV/he had swept the floor/he would play football after school.

 

 

3． 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。如：

 

 

Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.

Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.

We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道，患难之交才是真朋友

 

 

四、 注意否定提前

当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose 等动词时，且主语为第一人称，从句的否定提前。如：

I don't believe he is a doctor, is he?

注意：这种形式变为反意疑问句时有两种情况：

1． 当主句的主语是第一人称时，反意部分的人称和动词形式应与从句保持一致，肯定与否定形式与主句保持一致。如：

I don’t think he can solve the puzzle, can he? 我认为他不能解决这个难题，是不是？

2． 当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，反意部分的人称和动词形式都只考虑主句部分。如：

He doesn’t think you are right, does he? 他认为你不对，是不是？

 

 

五、 注意复合结构

 

 

在 find, make, think 等一些可带有复合宾语的动词后，为保持句子平衡，常将实际宾语（主要是that 引导的从句）后置，而使用形式宾语it。如：

 

 

I think it important that we should learn English well.