to代替整个不定式 省略不定式是否保留to
(2013-08-17 08:02:42)
语言简洁化是英语的语言倾向。在现代英语中,如果一个不定式中的动词在前文中已经出现,为了避免重复,这个不定式常用不定式的符号to代替。这一知识点是近年高考的热点,必须引起注意。
1.to代替合成谓语中的不定式以避免前文动词重复。例如:
Though you do not want to ask
him again,I am afraid you will have to.
尽管你不想再去问他,恐怕你不得不去。
其中,have to代替have to ask him
again。类似的合成谓语还有: used to;ought to;happen to;seem to等。
2.to代替作宾语的不定式。
(1)在care,decide,want,wish,would
like/love之后,常用to代替整个动词不定式以避免前文动词重复。例如:
I have asked her to come,but
she does not care to.
我要她来,但她不想来。
You may go if you wish
to.
如果你想走就可以走。
Perhaps I’ll go to Brazil
this summer.I’d very much like to.
也许今年夏天我会到巴西去,我非常想去。
(2)want,like和love用于从句中时,to常常被省略。例如:
Come when you want.
你什么时候想来就来吧。
I've decided to do what I
like.
我想怎么干就决定怎么干。
Come and stay as long as you
like.
来住吧,愿意住多久就住多久。
(3)当动词try表示“尽力”时,try后可以用to代替整个动词不定式以避免前文动词重复。有时to也可以省略。例如:
—Did you find Mr.
Smith?
—No,but l tried to.
——你找到史密斯先生没有?
——我尽力找过,但没有找到。
—Try to be back by 12,won't
you?
—OK.I’ll try.
——要争取十二点钟回来,好吗?
——好。我一定争取。
但是,当try表示“尝试”时,try后绝对不会有to,因为表示“尝试”的
try后接-ing形式作宾语,而不接不定式作宾语。例如:
—Can you start the car?
—OK,I'll try.
——你能发动这辆汽车吗?
——好,我试试。
(4)代替整个不定式的to可以用在置于句首的状语从句中。例如:
Though I didn't want to,I was
persuaded to go.
我不想去,他们却劝我去。
3.to代替作宾语补足语用的不定式以避免前文动词重复。例如:
He wanted to do it,but I told
him not to.
他想做此事,但我不要他做。
He closed the door,though I
had told him not to.
尽管我要他不关门,但他还是关了。
4.to代替作定语用的不定式以避免前文动词重复。在名词之后,作定语用的不定式的符号to可以保留,也可以省去。例如:
He'll never leave home,for he
hasn't got the courage (to).
他是永远不会离开家的,因为他没有这个勇气。
I want to visit him,but have
no time (to).
我想去拜访他,但是没有时间。
5.在某些形容词之后,代替不定式的符号to有时可以省略。例如:
I think he should get a
job,but you can't force him to if he's not ready (to).
我认为他应该找份工作,但是,如果他不想找的话,你不能强迫他。
They shouted to him to jump
into the bus,but he was afraid to.
他们叫喊着要他跳上公共汽车,但他不敢跳。
注意:I’m
glad/happy to...中的to不能省去。
省略不定式是否保留to
在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。如:
I shall go if I want to.
如果我想去就去。
“Don’t be late.” “I’ll try not to.”
“不要来晚了。”“我尽量不来晚。”
Don’t go till I tell you to.
等我叫你走你再走。
注意:
1.
若被省略的不定式为to
be短语,则通常应保留to
be。如:
He is not the man he used to be.
他已不是原来的那个样子了。
2.
有时省略不定式时,同时也可省略to。如:
She may go if she likes (to).
她想去就可以去。
练习:从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳答案(试用以上知识解答以下五道单项选择题)。
1. 一I’1l be away on a
business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all._________.
A.I've no
time B.I'd rather not
C. I'd like
it D.I'd be happy to
(NMET95)
2.—Are you interested in
going to university?
一Yes,___________.
A.I would
like B.I Would like to
C.I would like to
do D.I would like doing
3.The boy wanted to ride his
bicycle in the street,but his mother told
him________.
A.not to
B.not to do C.not do
it D.do not to
(NMET95)
4.—I hope the children
won、touch the dog.
—I've warned
them__________.
A.not
B.not to
C.not touch D.not do
5.一Do you work in the lab
every afternoon?
—No,but sometimes I wish
I_______.
A.had time
to B.had time to do
C.have time
to D.have time
答案:
1.D 2.B
3.A
4.B 5.A
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