加载中…高中英语 定语从句精讲精练 定语从句 （学生版）
(2012-12-24 13:17:10)
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高中英语 定语从句精讲精练 定语从句 （学生版）
【知识储备】http://wenku.baidu.com/view/2fb2190a16fc700abb68fc94
1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。
2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。
3、“介词+which”与when, where和“介词+what”。
4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。
5、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。
6、关系代词的省略。
7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。
8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。
9、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。
1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。
1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题)
2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题)
3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained.
4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05福建
A.
that
5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题)
6.Last month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05)
7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题)
9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 05年
10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题)
2、先行词为时间名词、地点名词和reason时，是选用关系代词，关系副词还是“介词+which”呢？
在考查定语从句时往往结合一定的情景，因此，在解答时，必须根据情景和结构功能来选择所给的引导词。同时，还必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由先行词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一。我们应仔细分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
①I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago.
②Days, ____I visited ten years ago, has turned big city.
③Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence?
④The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat.
⑤This is the very place ____the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago.
3、定语从句必须修饰一个名词或代词，没有先行词的定语从句是不可想象的。有时，先行词并非一个词乃为一个完整的句子。
2.Do you know the place in ____he used to
live?
3.Is there a hospital around ____I can buy some medicine for
cough?
4.The hospital is built on ________ was a field?
5. The hospital is built __________ it was a hospital.
6.He is still working ____he has worked for ten years.
A.
where
4、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同
（1）as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
He married the girl, as / which was natural.
（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于as is known, as sb. can know, as sb. know, as is well known, as it is, as is said above 等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如”，“好象”的含义。如：
As is known to all, China is a developing
country.
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
（3）当定语从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用which.如：
He came late this morning, which made the teacher very angry.
（4）当先行词由such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。如：
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.
注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的用一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
5、定语从句与同位语从句之区别
（1）定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Beijing.
The fact that he has already died is quite clear
（2）定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，在从句中一般不充当成分；有时也由where, how, when, who, whether, what等连词引导。但其说明之词并非时间、地点、方式等名词。
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
I have no idea when he will come back.
6、定语从句与强调句型之区别
关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉it is (was) …that后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中that是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉that句子是不成立的。
It is the factory where I worked ten years ago.
It is in the factory that he works.
7、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别
当where、when从句是定语从句时，其前必有一地点名词、时间名词，此时，可换用“介词+which”。当前面没有地点名词、时间名词时，我们不可用 “介词+which”来取代where连接的从句，因为此时的where、when从句乃名词性从句或状语从句。
Where the reef ended, there was a sharp drop to the sandy ocean floor
There was a sharp drop to the sandy ocean floor in the place where the reef ended.
Where there is a river, there is a big city.
1.
A. where
2. We are just trying to reach a point __ both sides will sit down together and talk.
3. If you are travelling ___ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
【检测性练习】
1. I hope that the little ______I have been able to do does good
to them
all.
A.
which
2. ______, the fine shall be paid in cash.
A. That we all
know
3. Is the hotel ______offered you a job ___ __you stayed the first time you arrived here ?
A. the one that;
where
4. In the dark street, there wasn’t anyone ______she could talk with .
A.
that
5. His glasses, _____he was like a blind man, were
broken.
A. with
which
6.---How do you like the film
?
A.
which
7. Haven’t you got the same shirt ______he is wearing ?
A.
that
8. The house ______doors and windows are pink belongs to the
Whites.
A.
whose
9. I’ll never forget the days ______we spent in the countryside.
A.
when
10. The factory ______we visited last Sunday was the one ______my father once worked years ago.
A. where;
where
11. The house was built on a hillside, ______was a pleasant, windy valley.
A. below
which
12. This test is for the students ______native language is not English.
A.
which
13. I met Mary again, ______I had spoken about something important.
A.
who
14. The foreigner must be from Africa,_ _____can be seen from his skin.
A.
it
15. I’ll never forget the years ______I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has great effort on my life.
A. which;
that
高考英语语法 多角度考查定语从句
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last
week?
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big
tower.
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of which
4. Why can't you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?A. which B. on which C. when D. where
四、添加插入语或状语
5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is of great importance.
A. that
五、插入非谓语动词
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________the radio for me?
A. who; repaired
小试牛刀：
1. Was it in the shop ________ sold children's clothing that you lost your wallet?
A. /
2. Thank you for the difficulty ________ you have had painting the house.
A. when
3. Is there anyone around the factory ________ knows how to operate the computer?
A. who
4. The managers discussed the plan ________ they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. that; carried out
5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth ________ she had made ________ with lots of spots.
A. which;
cover
6. Lincoln, ________ life was once hard, were elected President of American.
A. for whom
【知识储备】
1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。
2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。
3、“介词+which”与when, where和“介词+what”。
4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。
5、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。
6、关系代词的省略。
7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。
8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。
9、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。
1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题)
2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题)
3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained.
4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05福建
A.
that
5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题)
6.Last month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05)
7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题)
9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 05年
10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题)
【考点诠释】
1、定语从句中的关系词之三大功能
|
作用 关 系 词 |
连接 作用 |
替代先行词 |
在从句中充当某一成分 |
|
|
关 系 代 词 |
who |
√ |
人 |
主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语） |
|
whom |
√ |
人 |
宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词） |
|
|
whose |
√ |
人/ 物 |
定语（可用of + which取代） |
|
|
which |
√ |
物 / 句子 |
主语 / 宾语/ 表语 |
|
|
that |
√ |
人 / 物 |
主语 / 宾语/ 表语 |
|
|
as |
√ |
人/物/句子 |
主语 / 宾语/ 表语 |
|
|
关 系 副 词 |
when |
√ |
时间名词 |
时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代） |
|
where |
√ |
地点名词 |
地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代） |
|
|
why |
√ |
the reason |
原因状语（可用“for + which”取代） |
|
2、先行词为时间名词、地点名词和reason时，是选用关系代词，关系副词还是“介词+which”呢？
在考查定语从句时往往结合一定的情景，因此，在解答时，必须根据情景和结构功能来选择所给的引导词。同时，还必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由先行词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一。我们应仔细分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
请比较下面的句子，看看你能否作出正确的选择。试一试吧，你能行的！
①I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago.
②Days, ____I visited ten years ago, has turned big city.
③Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence?
④The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat.
⑤This is the very place ____the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago.
3、定语从句必须修饰一个名词或代词，没有先行词的定语从句是不可想象的。有时，先行词并非一个词乃为一个完整的句子。
请量体裁衣，好吗？大胆一点，你会成为一名高级缝纫师的！
1、He lives in _____is called Da Quangou.
2.Do you know the place in ____he used to
live?
3.Is there a hospital around ____I can buy some medicine for
cough?
4.Do you know the hospital around ____stand a lot of buildings?
5.He is still working ____he has worked for ten years.
A.
where
4、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法既有相同之处，也存不同之点。具体情况是：
（1）as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
He married the girl, as / which was natural.
（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于as is known, as sb. can know, as sb. know, as is well known, as it is, as is said above 等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如”，“好象”的含义。如：
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
（3）当定语从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用which.如：
He came late this morning, which made the teacher very angry.
（4）当先行词由such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。如：
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.
注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的用一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
5、定语从句与同位语从句之区别
（1）定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Beijing. （定语从句）
The fact that he has already died is quite clear（同位语从句）
（2）定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，在从句中一般不充当成分；有时也由where, how, when, who, whether, what等连词引导。但其说明之词并非时间、地点、方式等名词。
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.（定语从句）
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位语从句）
I have no idea when he will come back. （同位语从句）
6、定语从句与强调句型之区别
关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉it is (was) …that后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中that是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉that句子是不成立的。
It is the factory where I worked ten years ago.（定语从句）
It is in the factory that he works.（强调句型）
7、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别
当where、when从句是定语从句时，其前必有一地点名词、时间名词，此时，可换用“介词+which”。当前面没有地点名词、时间名词时，我们不可用 “介词+which”来取代where连接的从句，因为此时的where、when从句乃名词性从句或状语从句。
【检测性练习】
1. I hope that the little ______I have been able to do does good
to them
all.
A.
which
2. ______, the fine shall be paid in cash.
A. That we all
know
3. Is the hotel ______offered you a job ___ __you stayed the first time you arrived here ?
A. the one that;
where
4. In the dark street, there wasn’t anyone ______she could talk with .
A.
that
5. His glasses, _____he was like a blind man, were
broken.
A. with
which
6.---How do you like the film
?
A.
which
7. Haven’t you got the same shirt ______he is wearing ?
A.
that
8. The house ______doors and windows are pink belongs to the
Whites.
A.
whose
9. I’ll never forget the days ______we spent in the countryside.
A.
when
10. The factory ______we visited last Sunday was the one ______my father once worked years ago.
A. where;
where
11. The house was built on a hillside, ______was a pleasant, windy valley.
A. below
which
12. This test is for the students ______native language is not English.
A.
which
13. I met Mary again, ______I had spoken about something important.
A.
who
14. The foreigner must be from Africa,_ _____can be seen from his skin.
A.
it
15. I’ll never forget the years ______I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has great effort on my life.
A. which;
that
高考英语语法 多角度考查定语从句
定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力， 现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?
A. where B. the one C. on which D. /
【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.
A. which B. that C. / D. where
【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of which B. where C. to do D. that
4. Why can't you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?
A. which B. on which C. when D. where
【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a part (in)。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is of great importance.
A. that B. / C. which D. why
【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________the radio for me?
A. who; repaired
【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
小试牛刀：
1. Was it in the shop ________ sold children's clothing that you lost your wallet?
A. / B. where C. that D. when
2. Thank you for the difficulty ________ you have had painting the house.
A. when B. / C. why D. where
3. Is there anyone around the factory ________ knows how to operate the computer?
A. who B. which C. where D. in which
4. The managers discussed the plan ________ they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. that; carried out
B. who; carried out
C. which; carry out
D. that; carrying out
5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth ________ she had made ________ with lots of spots.
A. which; cover
B. that; covered
C. /; covering
D. where; covering
6. Lincoln, ________ life was once hard, were elected President of American.
A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. /
Key: 1—6 CBAABA
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