初中英语被动语态

http://www.yt2s.net.cn/article/ziyuan/2011-05-20/1086.html

一、被动语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如：

He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）

The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：

 

 

 

 

2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：

 

 

 

3、含有情态动词的被动语态

　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：

　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）

　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）

三、主动语态变为被动语态

　转换图示：

 

 

 

1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：

　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：

　 Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.

I hit him.(主) → He was hit by me. (被)

　（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。

　注意：

　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.

　他们昨天开会了。

　（3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。

　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。

　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.

 

 

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。

We were told the truth by Jack.

 

Jack told the truth to us.

The truth was told to us by Jack.

 

Tom gave me a pen.(主)

I was given a pen by Tom.(被)

 

Tom gave a pen to me. （主）

A pen was given to me by Tom.(被)

 

write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。

You brought me a big cake. (主)

A big cake was brought to me by you. (被)

 

She wrote me a letter.(主)

A letter was written to me by her.(被)

 

 

四．注意事项：

1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。

I will give him a pen.(主)

He will be given a pen by me.(被)

我将给他一支笔。

 

2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。

1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主)

我听到你和彼得谈话。

You were heard to talk with Peter. (被)

2）I saw her come out of the classroom.(主)

我看见她出了教室。

She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被)

3）make/let sb do sth

Sb be made/let to do sth

 

3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。

People eat watermelons in the summer.(主)

Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)

在夏天吃西瓜。

 

4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。

1) You should not blame me. (主)

你不应该责怪我。

I should not be blamed by you. (被)

2) You should not write this letter.(主)

你不应该写这封信。

This letter should not be written by you.(被)

 

5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。

1) Does she drive this car?(主)

Is this car driven by her?(被)

2) What shall we do next?(主)

What will be done by us next?(被)

 

6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。

Open the door please.(主)

Let the door be opened please.(被)

 

7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。

Tom hurt himself. (主)

Tom was hurt. (被)

 

8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式：

1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意

常见的系动词有：

① be动词
② ……起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear
e.g. She seems/appears happy.

It smells terrible.

③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g. His wish has come true.
People often went hungry in the old days.
The tree is growing tall.
④ 保持：keep, stay
e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.

2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）, belong to ,cost, take

3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　

 

1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。

　 An accident happened yesterday.

　2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

　3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。

　4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。

5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。

6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。

7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。

8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。

9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。

10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）

 

六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）

　1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）

　English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

　Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。

　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。

 

　2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)

　The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

　He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。

　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

 

　3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)

　A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。

　A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。

　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

 

　4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)

　The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。

　The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。

　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。

 

　5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)

　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。

　The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。

 

　6．过去完成时(had been+done)

　They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。

　She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。

　He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.

　他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。

 

 

被动语态专项练习

Ⅰ单项选择

1. Good books ____ again and again.

A. should be readed B. should be read

C. must read D. ought to read

2. The children ____ by the nurse.

A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked

3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.

A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened

C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen

4. When____ the accident _____ ?

A. was, happen B. did, happen

C. is, happen D. was, happened

5. The question ____ by us soon.

A. is going to discuss B. will discuss

C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed

6. The lab ____ about five years ago.

A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built

7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.

A. have set up B. have been set up

C. were set up D. set up

8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.

A. had finished B. have finished

C. had been finished D. have been finished

9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.

A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown

10. He ____ by the teachers.

A. is always praised B. praises

C. have been praised D. always is praised

11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ .

A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open

C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened

12. The picture______ in October, 1996.

A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken

13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .

A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired

14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.

A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing

15. The war______ in 1941.

A. broke out B. had been broken out

C. was broken out D. had broken out

16. When water______ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽).

A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats

17. We can't enter the room because its door______ .

A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking

18. They ______day and night.

A. are made work B. are made to work

C. made to be worked D. are making to work

 

19. Chang'an Road

is ______of people.

A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled

20. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries.

A. was sent up B. is sent up

C. have been sent up D. has been sent up

21. This English song _____ often _____ by the children.

A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung

22.The windows of our house _____once a week.

A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned

23. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ?

A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found

24. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.

A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended

25. Your exercise books _____ after class.

A. will hand in B. must hand in

C. handed in D. must be handed in

26. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.

A. be planted B. plant

C. are planted D. will be planted

27. The sun _____ at night as usual.

A. can be seen B. can't see C. can't be seen D. doesn't see

28. A new English play _____ there next week.

A. will put on B. will be put on

C. is going to put on D. will be putted on

29. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.

A. was happened B. has been happened

C. happened D. was going to happen

30. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning.

A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken

C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken

 

 

21. I promise that matter will _______.

A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of

 

22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.

A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given

 

23. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given

 

24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?

A. prevent from B. prevented from

C. be prevented from D. to prevent from

 

25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

 

26. This bike ________ last year.

A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought

 

27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?

A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed

 

28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.

A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding

C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided

 

29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.

A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to

C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to

 

30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.

A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing

 

31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.

A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear

C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard

 

32．- The window is dirty.

— I know. It _____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

 

33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing.

A. would be completed B. was being completed

C. has been completed D. had been completed

 

34.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.

A. were you employed B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed D .will you be employed

 

35.—What happened to the priceless works of art? —_______.

A. They were destroyed in the earthquake

B. The earthquake was destroying them

C. They destroyed in the earthquake

D. The earthquake destroyed them

 

36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.

A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing

 

37. Rainforests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut

 

38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no an easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.

A. is changing B. has changed .will have changed D. will change

 

39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

 

40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built

C. has been built D. is being built

 

 

初中英语被动语态专项练习

( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( )7 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.

A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
( ) 8 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
( ) 11His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing

C. is being published D. has been published
( ) 12 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 13 These papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written

C. has not written D. has not been written
( ) 14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.

A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
( ) 15 — My shoes are worn out.

—_______________
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
( ) 16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.

A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 17 ___ these desks be needed?

A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
( ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held

C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
( ) 19 Who was the book___?

A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 20 Where ___ these boxes made?

A. was B. were C. is D. am

( ) 21 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
( ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.

A. be kept B. be borrowed

C. keep D. borrow
( )23 The teacher made him___ his homework.

A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 24 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean
( )25 These children____dance.

A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 26 Thesestones___well.

A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
( )27 The bike ___ 500 yuan.

A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( ) 28 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
( ) 29 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
( )30 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 31 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.

A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
( )32 The watch has often ___ down.

A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
( ) 33 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( )34 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
( )35What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
( )36 Can he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
( ) 37 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( )38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
( )39 The apple___very sweet.

A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
( )40You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.

A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
( ) 41 What you said ___. like a good idea.

A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
( )42 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
( )43.How dirty the tables are! They need___.

A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
( )44.The book is worth ___.

A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read
( )45 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
( )46 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt ‘

C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
( )47 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
( )48 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild

C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
( )49 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.

A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( )50 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
( )51 Tea ___ in the south of China.

A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
( )55 The bridges___ two years ago. WO It's a Haidian top problem
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
( ) 56 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
( ) 57The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing

C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
( )58 The teapot ___ water.

A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
( )59 Old people must be looked ^fter well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
( )60Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after

C. looked well after D. be looked after well
( ) 61 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of

C. take good care of D. take good care
( ) 62 They were___ at the sudden noise.

A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( ) 63 These walls___stone.
A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into
( ) 64 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( ) 65 The papers ___ to them.

A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown
( )66The coat___her sister.

A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
( )67 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
( ) 68 Good care____such things.
A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of