虚拟语气在英语中的用法
王勃艳
【摘
要】本文介绍了高中英语虚拟语气的分类及用法,通过讲解、举例及归纳,能够帮助学生更好的理解和掌握虚拟语气的用法。
【关键词】虚拟语气 分类
用法
【正 文】
在英语学习中,虚拟语气无处不在,有时候学生很难理解,而使学生对英语的学习失去了兴趣。下面我想将自己在教学过程中关于虚拟语气的理解做以下归纳和总结。
1. 虚拟语气的分类
英语中虚拟语气可分为对过去的虚拟、对现在的虚拟、对将来的虚拟以及对表达“祝愿”、“要求”、“命令”等主观愿望的虚拟。
(1) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的常用结构为:条件句的动词为were或动词的过去式,主句动词为would/should/could/might+动词原形。
---- If I were ten years younger, I would start all over
again.(与现在事实相反,不能实现)
---- If I had enough money, I would first of all buy myself
a DELL computer.
(2) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气常用结构为:从句用had+过去分词,主句用would/should/could/might
+have done。
---- If we had had enough rain last year, we could have
gained a good harvest.
---- If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed
the final test. (事实是当初没努力,也没通过考试)
如果当时你努力的话,你就会轻松通过最后测试的。
(3) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
在条件句中,如假设的条件不能符合将来的实际情况,从句位于可用动词过去式或should+动词原形或were
to+动词原形的虚拟语气。在表示与将来实施相反的条件句中,should,were
to和动词的过去式三种形式的意义略有不同。Should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to
do的可能性最小。
---- If I should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would
invite him home.(事实是我明天不能去看他,所以不能邀请他到家里来)
如果明天去见他,我会邀请他到我家。
(4) 省略if形式的虚拟语气
If虚拟条件句中能够有should, had或 were时 if可以省略,从句中主谓要倒装。
---- Had I worked hard, I would have surely
succeeded.
---- Were she my daughter, I would not allow her to go to
study abroad.
---- Should she be my daughter , I would not allow her to
go to study abroad.
(5) 混合虚拟语气
有时主句与从句所用的时间不一致,这叫做错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气。它要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念确定。
---- If she had followed the doctor’s advice , she
would be quite all right now.
---- If you had told me the news yesterday,I
wouldn’t be so worried today.
(6)
表示“建议,命令、要求、坚决做”等动词的宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”虚拟结构。表示这类的动词有demand,
desire, require, request, propose, suggest, command,
order等。
---- I suggest you(should)have enough
sleep.
---- My parents advise me not watch too much TV.
2. 虚拟语气的用法
(1)
用于主语从句中,虚拟语气用should+动词原形或只用动词原形。
---- It is important that one (should) master the skills of
computers.
---- It is surprising that you (should) take plenty of
boiled water.
(2)
用于宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中的虚拟语气,通常用should+动词原形或只用动词原形。
---- I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
---- My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon
enough.
---- We made a suggestion that you (should) stay here until
the party was over.
在宾语从句中,would rather 后的宾语从句中,从句一般用
一般过去时态,
表示现在或将来要做的事情,其后一般不加that.
---- Don’t make noise, I would rahter you kept
quiet.
---- I would rather we had a rest now.
(3) 用于定语从句
虚拟语气可用于定语从句中。这种从句常用在It is time that
句型中。从句中谓语动词一般用“过去式或should/ought to +动词原形”等虚拟结构。
---- It is high time we went to school.
---- It is time that we should have a discussion.
(4)
用于状语从句
(4) 只保留从句的虚拟语气
Ø
What if… “要是…怎么办?”
---- What if I should fail?
Ø
If only … “要是…就好了”
---- If only I were 20 years old.(相当于 It would be
better if I were 20 years old )
Ø
If you would… “如果你愿意… ”相当于“please”,表示礼貌的请求。
---- If you would put your address here.
---- If you’d open your book.
(5)
表示祝愿时常用May+S+V .
---- Gold bless you .
---- May you succeed.
虚拟语气在现在的日常生活中已经淡化,但作为一种语法知识,我们却应该对它有更深刻的理解和认识,这样我们才能丰富我们的语言和交流能力。在今后的工作和学习中,我会继续钻研相关知识和要领,使自己能全面发展。
语法串讲——第三讲
虚拟语气(三)
5、使用虚拟语气应注意事项
1)表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气
句型:If + 主语 +
were to + 原形动词,主语 + would/could/might/should/ought to
+原形动词
2)if的省略:if从句中
助动词had \should\were “何叔伟”
3)时态不一致的假设,句型如下:
If + 主语 +had
+p.p.,主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to
+原形动词+now/today
4)可取代if的其他连接词:in
case(that)\on condition that\provide(that)\providing(that)\so long
as(只要)\as long
as(只要),这类连接词通常只用在纯条件的虚拟语气中。它们引导的从句时态均为一般现在时。
5)but for…
若非、要不是……
a、与现在事实相反:若非……就……
b、与过去事实相反:若非当时……就……
6)lest…(should)…
以免……
7)as if…=as
though… 仿佛……
a、表极大的可能——>动词用一般时态
b、表与现在事实相反——>动词用一般过去时
c、表与过去事实相反——>动词用过去完成时
8、What if …should…?
要是……的话会怎样(要怎么办)?
if从句使用助动词should。
例如:What if he
should come?=What could I (we)do if he should
come?
要是他来了怎么办?
主意:What
if之后也可以用一般现在时,所以例句可以改写为:
What if he
comes?=What shall we do if he comes?
9、It is time +
that从句的一般过去时:
It is time (high
time) + that 从句的一般过去时 “该是……的时候了”
注意:本句型的that从句动词要用一般过去时。
10、If only…
“要是……就好了”
本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气中。
11、wish的用法:之后接that
从句时,一定要使用虚拟语气。若与现在事实相反,要用一般过去时;如果与过去事实相反,则要用过去完成时。
12、hope的用法:之后接that 从句时,要使用一般时态,表示极大的可能性。
13、I hope
与祈使句的关系:
例:I hope (that)
he may live long.=May he live long!
愿他长命百岁!
14、wish 和 hope
的异同:
a、相同部分:1)均可用不定式作宾语
2)也可作不及物动词与介词for连用,表“期望获得”之意,以名词作其宾语。
b、不同部分:表“祝福”时只能使用wish,之后接两个名词或代词作其宾语。
例如:I wish you a
good time. 祝你们玩得愉快。
I wish my
parents longevity. 祝我父母亲长命百岁!
百度文库
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/a6212dd7b9f3f90f76c61b26.html
1.
What if
you feel comfortable about doing a task by yourself?
What if ---?用来征求对方意见
“要是------
怎么样?”。谈论现在情况,
多用一般过去时,
表示此建议听起来不那么肯定。
要是他们不来怎么办?What
if they don’t come
明天要是下雨怎么办?
What if it rained tomorrow
谈论过去情况,
多用过去完成时来表示没有发生的事情
That was clever but
what if you had missed the bus?
那很聪明,但如果当时你错过了汽车怎么办?
What if---?还可表示
“ 即使------又有什么关系
What if what he said is true?
即使他说的是真的,
又有什么关系?
--- Oh, I’m happy you finished your work on time!
--- Thank you! But what if he _____ me? A. didn’t help
B. hadn’t helped
C. doesn’t help D. won’t
help
答案 B 题目来源
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bcef2eeb6294dd88d0d26b38.html
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/bcef2eeb6294dd88d0d26b38.html
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