加载中…高考英语倒装句考点归纳
(2011-11-10 21:49:46)
标签：
教育 |
分类： 语法 |
倒
一. 全部倒装
1. 以here, there, now, then, thus, hence等引导的句子用全部倒装，其谓语动词通常是不代助动词/情态动词的不及物动词
eg. Thus ended the meeting.
2. 表示方向，地点的状语位于句首时：up, down, away, here, in out off, among, on her left…
3. 当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，而动词是表示运动或存在的动词：go, come, fall, rush, be, stand, lie
eg. Bang! Came a strong man.
注：当主语是人称代词时一般不到装。
二. 部分倒装
1. 否定词及半否定词位于句首时，部分倒装
no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never, nowhere, no longer, not once or twice, no more, not often, not until, not only, at no time, in no way, in/under no circumstances, in no case, on no account, hardly…when, scarecely…when, no sooner…than, not only…but also, by no means, not infrequently, still less
2. 句子的宾语，表语及宾语补足语千之时一般不到装，但当宾语是nothing, no one, nobody或被not a 修饰时，用部分倒装
eg. Nothing could you do.
注：当主语是人称代词时不到装。
3. 当only及only引导的短语位于句首时，部分倒装
eg. Only then did I realize that she was a lier.
4. 在so…that “如此…以至” 结构中，当so+状语位于句首时，部分倒装
eg. So hard does he work that we must respect him.
5. so/neither/nor 指代前面的内容时表示“也是/也不是”时也用倒装。
eg. He did well, so did I.
6. 某些频率状语：often, many a time, every day, now and then; 方式状语：gladly, sadly, with good reason, well; 程度状语：especially, to such an extent, to such a degree, to such extremes, to such length, to such a point等，位于句首时部分倒装。
7. 由were, had, should等开头的虚拟条件句中（省略if）
8. 当对as/though 引导的让步壮语从句中的adj. 分词，adv.进行强调时，部分倒装，顺序如下：
adj./adv./分词+as/though+主+谓
eg. Old as he is, he eats a lot.
高考英语倒装句考点归纳与试题解析
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7e81481d650e52ea551898c0
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/aa3eb1fcfab069dc50220153
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/15559071f46527d3240ce0bb
四、语法权威解析
句子“主语+谓语”的顺序排列，叫自然语序。谓语在前，主语在后，叫倒装语序。倒装语序又分两种：整个谓语在前，叫完全倒装，部分谓语(情态动词 助动词 联系动词)在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后，叫部分倒装。
(一)完全倒装
在下列情况中，句子需要使用完全倒装：
1 在there, here 引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist 等表示状态的不及物动词。如：
Here are coats for young people.
这有年轻人穿的大衣。
2 在副词now then thus引导的句子里，谓语是come ,follow ,begin, end等。如：
Now comes your turn该你了。
Thus ended the meeting.会议就这样结束了。
3 在long live等表示祝愿的句子里。如：
Long live the people’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国万岁。
4 在地点谓语提前，谓语是come, be, stand, sit, lie等动词的句子里。如：
From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor’s voice.
从墙上的扩音器里传来医生的声音。
5 在谓语是be，表语提前的句子中。如：
So busy is the dentist that he has no time to spare he.
这个外科医生这样忙以致抽不出一点儿时间来。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had cine to the island.
附近有二条独木舟，他们就是坐这个独木舟来的。
6 在不带if的虚拟条件状语从句,谓语动词是be的句子里。如：
Were I in your position, I would ask him about the matter.
我要是处于你那样的位置，我就要问问他这件事。
(二)部分倒装
在下列情况中，句子需要使用部分倒装：
1. 在以may开头的表示祝愿的句子里。如：
May you have a good journey！
祝你一路顺风！
2. Neither…nor…连接的两个句子都要倒装，not only…but also…连接两个句子时，not only后面的句子要道倒装。如：
Not only did he teach school, but he wrote novels.
他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。
3. 在不带if的虚拟条件状语从句中(谓语动词是 be的句子除外)。如：
Had I known the answer, I would have told you.
我要是知道这个答案就告诉你了
英语中的倒装句指的是主语、谓语位置颠倒的情况，根据其倒装形式又可分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种形式。在历年的上海高考中，倒装句都是其考查的重点。
考点一. 强调否定状语的倒装句。否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类状语有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely….when…, no sooner…than…, not only…but also…, not until, nowhere, neither…nor…, on no account,on no condition, in no case,in no way,no longer/more 等。
例1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means____ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not
satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
解析：by no means意思是“决不，在任何情况下都不”，放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。故正确答案为D。
例2.──Did Linda see the traffic accident?
──No, no sooner____ than it happened.
A. had she
gong
C. has she
gone
解析：no sooner……than意为“一……就……”，no sooner所在的主句常用过去完成时，that引导的从句用一般过去时，no表示否定意义。故正确答案为A。
注意： not only…but(also)…连接两个并列分句且包含否定意义的not only放于句首时， not
only后的分句要进行部分倒装, but
(also)后的分句不进行倒装。
例3. Not only____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it.
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
解析：not only位于句首，其后句子用部分倒装的形式，而but also后的句子语序不倒装。故正确答案为D。
PS. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
考点二. Only+状语/状语从句置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
例4. Only then____ how much damage had been caused?
A. she realized
C. had she
realized
解析：only位于句首修饰状语then，全句要进行部分倒装， 由then又知道此时时态应用一般过去时态。故正确答案为D。
考点三. 作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常以作状语的介词短语开头。
例5. At the foot of the mountain____.
A. a village
lie
C. does a village
lie
解析：介词短语at the foot of the mountain位于句首，句子用全部倒装，其时态应为一般现在时态。故正确答案为B。
例6. Just in front of our house____ with a history of 1,000 years.
A. does a tall tree
stand
C. a tall tree is
standing
解析：介词短语位于句首，句子用全部倒装结构。故正确答案为B。
考点四. so/such…that…结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要进行部分倒装。
例7. So difficult____ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find
C. I have
found
解析: so位于句首且so修饰difficult, 主句部分进行部分倒装，整句为一般过去时态。故正确答案为B。
考点五. so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用部分倒装结构
“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）的形式。
──Yes. ____ yesterday.
A. So was
it
C. So it
is
解析: so在这里表示昨天的天气情况也跟今天的一样。故正确答案为A。
例9. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.
注意，如果so表示强调，即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构则是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”的形式，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：
例10. ──Well，I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. (0
──_____.
A. So it is
C. So does
it
解析：肯定前一句话中的宾语从句 “the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal”, so引导的句子不进行倒装，而且so引导的句子中谓语动词要与该宾语从句中的谓语动词相一致。故正确答案为A。
考点六. As/though 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as / though引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前），构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词+as/though+主语+谓语的其它部分”的形式。
例11.______, he talks a lot about his favorites singers after class.
A.
B.
C.
D.
解析：整个表语部分quiet student提在as之前
并且名词student前的冠词a要省略。故正确答案为B。
例12. ______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A.
B.
C.
D.
解析：本题中从句与主句之间存在明显的让步关
系，故需要选择由as引导的让步状语从句，并且要将副词much提前进行倒装。故正确答案为C。
使用as/though进行倒装时需要注意的是：
①句首有名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。
②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
（理解即可）考点七. 非真实条件句中的倒装。即在非真实条件句中含有were, had, should等助动词时，可以将if省略，把助动词放在非真实条件句的句首的倒装形式。
例13._______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you
be
C. Could you
be
解析：该句中条件句为非真实条件句，省略if且表示与将来事实相反。故正确答案为B。
例14. ______ for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see the film.
A. If it is
not
C. Had it not been
解析：该条件句中省略if, 且表达与过去事实相反。故正确答案为C。
PS. 两种常见的全部倒装结构
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie,
run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a little child.
In came a teacher.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes.
Away they went.
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/1072603595
8. 分词或表语移到句首的情况
a. 进行时态中的分词有时可以移到句首，来对这动作加以强调。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
b. 以过去分词做表语的句子，过去分词有时也可以提前，把主语放到后面去。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, lead and
zinc.
c. 做表语的介词短语有时也提前
Among its products are farm machines and mining equipment.
Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese
food.
9. 表祝愿的句子
Long live the king!
May you have a merry Christmas!
倒装语序（3 ）-张道真简明英语语法第二十二章语序(1
张道真简明英语语法第第二十二章语序(195)．倒装语序（3 )
1 ．表语也可连用系动词提到主语前面，提到句首的表语可以是：
l ）介词短语：
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard ,
靠近村子南头有一座很大的梨园。
2 ）形容词：
Very imporstant in the farmers life 15 the weather forecast .
农民生活中非常重要的事就是天气预报。
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered . 最糟糕的是他受的屈辱。
3 ）方位词：
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 mu of sandy wasteland .
水库西南有两千亩沙荒地。
Below is a restaurant ．下面是一家餐馆。
4 ）过去分词（表语）:
Hidden underground ia a wealth of gold , silver , copper , lead and
zinc ．
地下埋藏了大量金、银、铜、铅和锌。
2 ．有时被动结构中的过去分词（a ）和进行时态中的现在分词（b ）也可以提前：
a . Most frequented by tourists is the Ju yong guan section
.
游人最多的是居庸关这一段。
Shown together with these products were models of steel works
.
和这些产品一道展出还有钢铁厂的模型。
b . Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen ?
躺在地板上的是一个年约十七岁的男孩。
Standing beside the table was an interpreter ?
站在桌旁的是一位口译人员。
3 ．在描写景像时，有时把状语提前，同时把谓语放在主语前面，使句子更生动：
Following the roar , out rushed a tiger from among
the bushes .
一声吼叫，呼地从丛林中冲出一只老虎。
--------------------------------------------------------
练习题与答案：
练习一：在下面句子中的复合谓语下划线
1 . Among its products are farm machines and mining equipment.
2 . 0n either side were rows of fruit trees .
4 . Around the lake are farms with 57,000 workers .
5 . Nearby are houses built by th epeasants themselves
.
6 . Especially popular are the musical and theatrical groups
.
7 . Below is an example of typical business letter
.
8 . Here is a difficulty for you to get over .
练习二：将下面倒装句翻译成中文：
1 . Holding the secretary's hand is the peasant's young daughters
.
抓着秘书的手的是农民的小女儿。
2 . Visiting Beijing were 300 Japanese students ?
访问北京的是300个日本学生吗？
3 . Participating are experts from 46 countries .
参与的专家来自46个国家。
4 . Watching the performances were mostly foreign tourists .
观看演出的几乎都是外国游客。
http://bj.xdf.cn/publish/portal24/tab12934/info425191.htm
一、也是、也不：so, nor, neither, no more
1). They can leave now, so can we.
2). He loves the girl, and so does she him. (… and so she loves him, too.)
3). “I’d made up my mind.” “So had I.”
4). “David has made great progress recently.” “So he has, and so have you.”
5). He is not good at mathematics, nor is his sister.
6). The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.
7). “I don’t like Peking Opera. ” “Neither(Nor) do I.”
8). He can’t afford a new car, and no more can I.
9). She can’t understand his lecture, no more can I.
10). You didn’t catch the bus, nor did I , nor did he, nor did anybody else.
11). He doesn’t care much for sweets. No more do I. 他不爱吃糖，我也不。
注意：肯定so，否定nor，即肯又否用with(不倒装)。
12). Smith is a good student and studies very hard. So it is with Mary.
13). He is American and he can’t speak Chinese. So it is with his wife.
二、so/such…that…
1). So moved was she that she could not say a word.
2). So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
3). So small were the words that he could hardly see them.
4). So deep is the river that no people can swim in it.
5). So dark was it that he couldn’t see the faces of his companions.
6). So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
7). So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
8). So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him.
9). So well did he do it that he was awarded a prized.
10). So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.
11). So touching was her speech that everyone was moved to tears.
12). Such fine weather is it that we decide to go for an outing.
13). Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.
14). Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.
三、否定前置
1. never, not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, not, no
1). Seldom in my life have I met such a determined person.
2). Seldom did I see him so upset.
3). Seldom have I read a novel so touching as this.
4). Hardly did I think it possible. 我认为这几乎不可能的。
5). Rarely does he go to the theater.
6). Rarely did he come without causing trouble.
7). Never before has our motherland been so prosperous(繁荣的) as it is today.
8). Not a word did he said at the meeting.
9). Not a single word could he say.
10). Not often do they meet.
11). They got into their cab, and not one word did they say the whole way home.
12). Not one bottle did we leave behind.
13). Not a single song did she sing at yesterday’s party.
14). Never before has anybody run as fast as him.
15). Never in my life have I been spoken to in that manner.
16). Never have I come across so difficult a problem.
17). Never before in her life has she seen such beautiful and precious jewelry.
18). Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.
19). Little dos he care whether we live or die.
20). Little did I know that she had already left.
21). Little did he care about his won safety, though he was in great danger himself.
22). Nobody have I seen in the room.
23). Scarcely did he speak about the difficulties in his work.
2. 含no的表示否定的介词短语：by no means, under no circumstances, in no circumstance, no time, on no account, in no case, in no way, no longer
1). In no case will he give in.
2). At no time will China be a superpower.
3). By no means should he be left alone.
4). In no account should it be exposed to the sun.
5). In no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
6). Under no circumstances must the door be left undocked.
7). Under no circumstances shall we turn against our country.
8). Under no circumstances can we accept cheques.
9). Under no circumstances and at no time shall we be the first to use nuclear weapons.
10). On no account must this switch be touched.绝不要触摸这个开关。
11). On no account must you accept any money if he offers you.
12). No longer could he be trusted and they had to let him go.
13). No longer are they staying with us.
3. nowhere
1). Nowhere did he find his pen which was lost on Sunday.
2). Nowhere could I see him. 我哪儿都不能见到他。
3). Nowhere else in the world can there be such a tranquil, beautiful place.
4). Nowhere in the world can one find more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.
四、not…until…
口诀：NU主倒从不倒（not…until…只倒装主句，从句不倒装。）
1). Not until Mike came to China did he know what kind of country she is.
2). Not until the early 1990s were women allowed to vote in the United States.
3). Not only I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
4). Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
5). Not until you told me, had I any idea of it.
6). Not until then did I realize the danger of the situation.
7). Not only do man want to land on the moon, but on other planets as well.
8). Not until the broke out did they leave London.
9). Not until after midnight did he fall asleep.
10). Not until he arrived home did he find that his wallet had been stolen.
五、四个倒装句型：hardly\barely\scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…
1). Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran towards it.
2). Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
3). Hardly did I expect to find you still here. 我真没料到你还在这里。
4). No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once again.
5). No sooner had I reached home than he came in.
6). Scarcely had he finished his report when stormy applause broke out.
7). Scarcely had we started lunch when the door bell rang.
六、not only…but also…
口诀: NB前倒后不倒 (not only 部分倒装，but also部分不倒装。)
1). Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a writer.
2). Not only is he clever but also he is kind.
3). Not only did we lose our money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.
4). Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
5). Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.
6). Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
七、only位于句首
口诀：only主倒从不倒 （当only位于句首时只有主句倒装，从句不倒装。）
1. only + 副词
1). Only then did I realize that he was a spy.
2). Only once did I see him.
3). Only then did I understand what he meant.
4). Only thus can we finish the job ahead of schedule.
2. only +介词
1). Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.
2). Only in this way can we learn English well.
3). Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass our rivals.
4). Only in this way is it possible to explain their actions.
5). Only by working hard can we succeed.
6). Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed.
7). Only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
8). Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard.
9). Only under special circumstances are freshmen(大一学生) permitted to take make-up test.
10). Only by practicing continuously can we learn oral English well.
3. only + 状语从句
1). Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
2). Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health.
3). Only when he had handed in his exam paper did he realize he had made several mistakes.
4). Only after the accident did he become cautious.
5). Only when he told me did I know it.
6). Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
7). Only when one loses health, freedom and friendship does one know their value.
8). Only if he helps us can we succeed.
12．当方式或频度状语放旬首时，用部分倒装．常用的状语有：twice。often，many a time(many times)，now and again等。例如：
Many a time(many times)has Mike given me good advice．
Often haveI heardit saidthat heis notto
betrusted
来源：能飞英语网（http://www.langfly.com/）[详细地址]：http://www.langfly.com/a/20110312/155130.shtml
随堂小练习：
1. _____can you expect to get a pay
rise.
a. With hard
work
c. Only with hard
work
2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
a. However late is
he
c. However is he
late
3. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.
a. did the villagers realize
c. the villagers did realize
4. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
a. didn’t
realize
c. I didn’t
realize
5.—Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?
—I don’t know, _______.
a. nor don’t I
care
c. I don’t care
neither
6. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.
a. you can
7. Not until the early years of the19th century _____ what heat
is.
a. man did
know
c. didn’t man
know
8. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone
rang.
a. He hardly;
then
c. He had not;
than
9. ______ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for
entertainment when they had a picnic in the
forest.
a. Not only they
brought
c. Not only brought
they
10.—I don’t think I can walk any further. /
—_____, let’s stop here for a rest.
a. Neither can
i
c. I didn’t think
so
11. Only in this way ______ do it well.
a. must we
12. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
a. had he
arrived
c. he had
arrived
13. Jack is a student and studies at the no. 2 middle school. _____.
a. it was the same with
mike
c. so is
mike
14. ______, I would have given you his address.
a. if you asked
me
c. should you have asked me
15. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
a. Little they
realized
c. Little did they
realize
16. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.
a. They made such
talked
c. It was noise
outside
17. Many a time _____ me good advice.
a. he
gave
c. he has
given
18. ____ have I seen a better performance.
a.
everywhere
c. everywhere
else
19. Not a single word ____ at the beginning.
a. did he say
20. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.
a. did the teacher
found
c. did the teacher
find
21. _____the plane.
a. Flew
down
c. Down was
flying
22. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
a. they had got to the bus
stop
c. did they get to the bus
stop
23. Not only ______ a promise ,but he also kept it.
a. had he
made
c. did he
make
24. There ____ .
a. come
they
c. they are
come
25.
a. So frightened was
he
c. Was he so
frightened
26. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home.
a. will he
realize
c. did he
realize
27. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home.
a. can you
28. Seldom ____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.
a. would I
make
c. I did
make
小翻译：
1.他不仅许了诺，而且也守了诺。( Not only…)
2.我一辈子没听说过也没见过这样的东西。( Never)
3.在地上躺着一个不到十岁的男孩子,受了重伤。
4.墙上挂着一幅中国地图。
5.他变化如此大以致我几乎认不出来了。(So)
6.直到回到家里我才发现到钱包丢了。(Not until)
7.你想见的那个女孩子来啦！(Here)
8.我不想认识他，也不想了解他的一些情况。(neither/nor)
9.只有当战争结束，那个年轻的士兵才回到了自己的家乡。(Only)
10.――汤姆最近取得了很大的进步。
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