插入语用法归纳_姝霖老师

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插入语用法归纳

(2011-08-13 22:30:40)

分类：语法

插入语用法归纳

插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类:
    1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如:
    I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.
    This diet, I think, will do good to your health.
    It won't be raining long, I hope.
    You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.
    2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如:
    Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too.
    You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely.
    Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident.
    Honestly, I don't need it at the moment.
    3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如:
    Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child.
    By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.
    On the other hand, I didn't know you were there.
    In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
    4. 分词短语作插入语。如:
    Judging from your accent, you must be from England.
    Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class.
    Compared with China, the USA is smaller.
    5. 不定式短语作插入语。如:
    To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.
    To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her.
    To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures.
    To conclude, it was a great success.

在日常交际用语和书面表达中，插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语（Parenthesis）是插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，因此，有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。

插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。

插入语大致可分为以下10种类型：

1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语

如：worst still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。

Strange, there is nobody in the classroom. 很奇怪，教室里没人。

2. 副词或副词短语作插入语

如：personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise 等。

Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.

你很运气，我正好带了钥匙。

3. 介词短语作插入语

如：of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等。

In short, we should not stop halfway.

简言之，我们不能半途而废。

As a result, they suffered heavy losses.

结果，他们受到了严重损失。

On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them.

相反，我们还应加强和他们的联系。

4. 现在分词短语作插入语

如：generally speaking, judging from/ by …, talking of…, considering…等。

Considering his age, he did very well.

从年龄考虑，他干得挺不错。

Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job.

坦率地说，我不喜欢这份工作。

Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?

说到唱歌，你今晚愿意和我一块去音乐会吗？

5. 过去分词短语作插入语

Painted white, we like the house better.

漆成白色，我们更喜欢这房子。

注意：之所以称它为插入语，是由于这种过去分词是独立的，没有逻辑主语。

6. 动词不定式

如：to be sure, to be frank（坦率地说），to tell you the truth（说实话），so to speak （可以说）等。

To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.

坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。

That’s a wonderful idea, to be sure.

这个主意好极了，的确。

To tell you the truth, I am not very interested in going to the show.

说实在的，我不太想去看演出。

7. 代词词组

如：all the same（尽管如此），all told（总共），all in all（总的来说）等。

His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.

他的船员减少到总共二十四人。

All in all, her condition is greatly improved.

总的来说，她的情况有很大好转。

8. 从句

如：if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say 等。

If I may say so, we know nothing about it.

正如我所说的，我们对它一无所知。

This man, as you know, is good for nothing.

正如你所说的，这个人是个废物。

9. 句子

如：I say /hear, I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what’s more, that is （to say）, I’m afraid, do you think / suppose等。

It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.

我看，不接受他们的建议是个大错误。

The temple disappeared, no one remembers when.

谁也不记得什么时候这座庙就没有了。

The old man, it is said, was an artist but people hardly know anything about this side of his life.

据说，这位老人曾是个艺术家，可是人们对他这方面的生活几乎一无所知。

10. 用标点符号引导插入语

如：He was （strange as it seems）an excellent sportsman.

他（尽管还显得令人不解）是个出色的运动员。

He was －to me at least, if not to you－a figure that was worth having pity on.

至少我觉得如此，即使你不这样认为，他是一个值得同情的人。

插入语

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/15 15:02 新浪教育

　　英语句子中(尤其在口语中)常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称它们为“插入语”。插入语在句中起到解释、说明等作用，有时表达说话人一种看法。很多插入语对句子本身的影响并不大，如果去掉它，我们仍然清楚句子所表达的意思。然而有些插入语是句子不可缺少的成分，如果去掉句子的意思就不完整，如for example, in other words等。

　　1. 插入语的类型

　　(1) 单词(多是副词)

　　单词作插入语时位置比较随便，我们常见的多位于句末，它们也可以位于句中或句首。常见的作插入语的单词有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily ,fortunately, obviously等。有些副词可以表示上下文的逻辑关系，起到连接的作用(虽然本身不是连词)，这一类副词常用逗号把它与句子隔开。有些副词表达说话人的看法或观点，它们多位于句首。

　　①I had thought I could not pass the exam. I passed, though.

　　我原以为我通过不了这次考试，我还是通过了。

　　②She had seen the picture. However, she never told it to anyone.

　　她曾见过那幅画。然而，她从未向其他人提及。

　　③Luckily, his father’s second wife was kind to him.

　　幸运的是，他父亲的第二任妻子对他很好。

　　(2) 短语

　　现在分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语都可以作插入语，它们在句中起到补充说明的作用。

　　常见的作插入语的短语有，for example, by the way, in some way, judging from, to tell you the truth, so far, on the contrary, on wonder, chances (are that)，worse still, to start with等。

　　①By the way, how can I find you? 顺便问一句，我如何找到你？

　　②What on earth do you want to say ? 你到底想说什么？

　　③To tell you the truth, I have found out that he stole the car.

　　说实话，我已经弄清他偷了那辆车。

　　(3) 句子

　　我们常见的作插入语的句子有，do you think, I believe, do you know, what’s more, let’s say, that is to say,它们多位于句末，来表达客气或征询别人的看法。也可以表示补充。表示疑问的插入语也可以位于句中或句末。

　　①He is an honest man, I believe. 我相信，他是个诚实人

　　②As far as I know, Jack isn’t clever. 据我所知，杰克并不聪明。

　　③How soon will he be ready, do you expect ? 你想一下，他多长时间能准备好？

　　2. 有些复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入语”。这种疑问句( 也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”)，常用来征询某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求。口语中出现的频率极高。

　　①When do you expect he will come back ? 你想他会什么时候回来？

　　②Who do you guess has taken away the book ? 你猜是谁拿走了那本书？

　　3. 防止句中的插入语干扰我们对句子结构的掌握及对句子意义的理解。

　　由于插入语的位置比较随便，在许多情况下它可以位于句中，因此它对我们考生的干扰是比较大的。

　　直击高考

　　1. John plays football _______ ,if not better than, David. (MET1994)

　　A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

　　2. We all write ____, even when there’s not much to say. (MET1994)

　　A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less

　　3. _____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004北京春)

　　A. As long asB. As far as C. Just as D. Even if

　　4. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard. ___ you failed. [NMET’99]

　　A. In the end B. After all C. In other words D. At the same time

　　5. John plays football _______ ,if not better than, David. (MET1994)

　　A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

　　答案与分析

　　1. A此题我们极易错选A。分析本句的结构我们可以看出，if not better than 在这里是插入语。如果我们把它抽出(前面我们讲过有些插入语完全可以去掉而不影响句子的意思，有的仅起到补充的作用),我们就很清楚地看到答案是B。

　　2 A 从本空前后的逗号看，本题考查插入语的用法。四个选项中作插入语的是A 和D。再根据空后的even when...我们不难选出答案A。

　　3. B as far as I can see是一个插入语，意思是“据我所看到的”。

　　4. C四个介词短语在此都可以作插入语。我们要对它们进行意义辨析。In other words的意思是“换句话说”；In the end的意思是“终于”；After all的意思是“毕竟”；At the same time的意思是“同时”，“可是”。

　　5. B此题我们极易错选A。分析本句的结构我们可以看出，if not better than 在这里是插入语。如果我们把它抽出(前面我们讲过有些插入语完全可以去掉而不影响句子的意思，有的仅起到补充的作用),我们就很清楚地看到答案是B。

　　专项训练

　　1. Hold the ladder for me ─ that’s____.

　　A. all B. it C. all right D. complete

　　2. ─___, can you tell me how I can get to the zoo ?

　　─I’m sorry. I’m a stranger here myself. Perhaps this lady can help you.

　　A. I’m sorry B. Hello C. Excuse me D. Why

　　3.─Would you like a cup of tea ?

　　─Yes, please do.____, I’m rather thirsty.

　　A. To tell you the truth B. Telling you the truth

　　C. Tell you the truth D. To be told the truth

　　4.─Have you nearly finished?

　　─___, we have just begun.

　　A. Above all B. After all C. On the contrary D. On the other hand

　　5. The young woman has studied in England for two years and she will come back___.

　　A. by and by B. one by one C. after a while D. long before

　　6. Mr Li looked as I remembered, ____he was very thin.

　　A. except for B. except that C. except D. besides

　　7. Many great men have risen from poverty, Lincoln and Edison, ____.

　　A. like that B. as though C. for example D. such as

　　8. ─___is the best football player in your city?

　　─Jerry.

　　A. Do you think who B. Do you think whom

　　C. Who do you think D. Whom do you think

　　9. ___, Dick and Mary found themselves on a lonely island.

　　A. They were surprised B. It was surprising

　　C. It was a surprise D. To their surprise

　　10. ____we like the idea ____not, we’ll have to go with him.

　　A. Either, or B. Neither, nor C. Whether, or D. If, or

　　11. ____is well known, Taiwan is part of China.

　　A. As B. That C. Which D. It

　　12. Good ways of doing things means less time and pain, and ___, it is necessary for us to find time.

　　A. otherwise B. however C. still D. therefore

　　13. Albert did not take your book. ____,he was not in the room.

　　A. All of a sudden B. As a matter of fact

　　C. Once in a while D. To his surprise

　　14. ─What___do you want?

　　─I don’t know myself.

　　A. in earth B. in the earth C. on earth D. on the earth

　　15. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard ─____,you failed.

　　A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time

　　16. His handwriting is as good as, ____, his brother’s.

　　A. if not better B. if not better than C. if it is better D. if better than

　　17. There was a big fire in the building last night.___, all the people were able to escape.

　　A. Fortunate B. Fortunately C. To be fortunate D. Above all

　　18. It was raining heavily .____, it was getting dark, so we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night.

　　A. Above all B. That is C. What’s more D. In other words

　　19. I didn’t go to his party last night. ____, I didn’t want to see him at all.

　　A. To tell you the truth B. Telling you the truth

　　C. That’s to say D. Let’s say

　　20. ____, boys are stronger than girls.

　　A. To speak generally B. Generally to speak

　　C. Generally speaking D. Generally spoken

　　答案与分析

　　1. B 本题我们极易错选 A或C。That’s all意思是“就这些”，表示讲话或文章的结束，而That’s all right意思是“行、可以、没关系”。That’s it 为一固定搭配，意思是“这正是所需要的。”

　　2. C 表示“寻求别人帮忙”时用Excuse me。

　　3. A to tell you the truth为固定搭配，意思是“说实话”，为插入话，不与句子主语形成逻辑关系。

　　4. C 本题上文说“你们差不多快做完了吧？”下文说“恰好相反，我们才刚刚开始哩。”

　　5. A by and by为固定搭配，相当于soon,意思是“不久”。one by one 意思是“一个接一个地”。after a while过去一会儿。long before很久以前，因此 B,C,D都不合题意。

　　6. B except that后跟从句，而 except for和besides后跟名词或动名词短语。

　　7. C 在这四个选项中只有for example可以用作插入语，而且位置也比较灵活。 D有较大干扰性。但such as 后必须跟宾语。

　　8. C 本题主要部分为who is the best football player in your city。插入语为do you think.

　　9. D 插入语to one’s surprise的意思是“令某人吃惊的是”，其他答案句子结构错误。

　　10. C 插入语whether...or...意思是“不管……”。

　　11. A 插入语 As is well known为定语从句，意思是“众所周知”。

　　12. D 插入语therefore在此表达前后的因果关系。

　　13. B as a matter of fact意思是“事实上”。

　　14. C 插入语on earth的意思是“究竟、到底”，用于疑问句或否定句中。

　　15. C 插入语in other words意思是“换句话说”，是对前文的解释。

　　16. B 本句话的意思是“若是他的书法不比他哥哥的好的话，起码跟他哥哥的一样好”。插入语if not better than在句中起到连词的作用。

　　17. B fortunately是一句评述性语言，表达说话人的看法。

　　18. C what’s more意思是“更有甚者”，在本句中，说话人强调迷路的原因是It was raining heavily和It was getting dark。

　　19. A 插入语to tell you the truth意思是“说实话”。

　　20. C 插入语general speaking意思是“一般来说”，指常规。

插入语知多少

作者:佚名来源:搜集整理录入:烟雨江南字体:

英语句子中(尤其在口语中)常插入一些单词、短语或者句子等，用来补充含义、或作一些解释。语法上称它们为 “插入语”。插入语在英语中形式多样，内容丰富，使用灵活。
1，插入语的类形：
1)，少数副词如： (un)luckily ，though，however, still,等，有时充当插入语。
例如： She is looking fit , though . 她看起来倒是健康。

I can , however, discuss this when I see you .然而，我可以在见到你的时候再讨论这件事情
    I have a bit of a cold . It is nothing much , though . 我有点感冒，不过并不严重。
    The task is very difficult , besides , time presses . 任务艰巨，而且时间紧迫。
2),介词短语或固定词组充当插入语
   例如：for example例如； by the way顺便说一下； as a result结果，因此；all the same尽管如此； on the other hand另一方面； in fact事实上； in a word总之； in other words换言之； in general大体上； strange to say说来奇怪； to make a long story short长话短说 ;first of all首先；above all更重要的是；in one^’s opinion依某人看； what^’s more而且；so far 到目前为止；as usual 像往常一样；

例如：It does not often rain in the summer here .As a result , we have to water the vegetable garden . 在这儿夏天不常下雨，因此我们得用水浇灌菜园。
First of all, don^，t come in here without a teacher .首先，如果没有老师，就不要来这儿。
    Above all, something must be done to stop polluting .更重要的是，必须釆取某些措施来阻止污染。
3) ，短句或句子充当插入语：
    例如：I believe ; as far as I know ; I think ; I hope ; I guess ; I^’m afraid ; I suppose ; I wonder ; you see; you know ; do you think(suppose) ; don’t you think ; It is said ; that is to see ; It seems ; it seems to me ; what^’s more ; I say ;等
例如：That would be a good beginning , I hope .我希望，那是一个好的开始。
Where do they believe we should go during the summer holiday? 你认为暑假期间，我们应该到哪儿去。
    What^’s more , 40 percent of workers in factories have to find new jobs again .而且工厂里有40%的工人不得不再找新工作。

2，插入语的位置：
    插入语通常位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时也可位于句首或句末(见上面例句)。也有时并不用逗号隔开。如：
    You know I think you are wrong . 我认为，你明白你错了。
    What on earth do you mean ? 你究竟是什么意思？
    How long did you see she would stay here ? (= How long would she stay here , did you see ?)
    When do you suppose they will be back ? (= When will they be back , do you suppose ?)

What explanation do you suppose the teacher could give ? 你想老师会如何解释？
Who do you guess broke the window ? 你猜是谁把窗户打破了？

在一个句子中间插入一个成分,它不作句子的何种成分,也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系,同时既不起连接作用,也不表示语气,这个成分称之插入语
插入语的作用
  插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的考点。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。
编辑本段插入语的类型
  掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解，还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多，常见的如下几种：
一、形容词（短语）作插入语。
  能用作插入语的形容词（短语）常见的有：true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all， sure enough等。 如： True，it would be too bad. 真的，太糟了。 Wonderful，we have won again. 太好了，我们又赢了。 Strange to say，he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 说来也奇怪，他到现在还没有收到我的信。 Most important of all，we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是，我们必须掌握所有的技巧。
二、副词（短语）作插入语。
  能用作插入语的副词（短语）有：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally， personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather等。 如： When he got there，he found，however，that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现，那儿的天气太坏了。 Otherwise，he would still be at home. 不然的话，他还会在家的。
三、介词短语作插入语。
  能用作插入语的介词短语有：in fact，in one’s opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to one’s surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief等。 如： You can’t wait anymore-in other words，you should start at once. 你不能再等了——换言之，你得立即出发。 On the contrary，we should strengthen our corporation with them. 相反，我们应该加强和他们的合作。
四、V-ing（短语）作插入语。
  能用作插入语的V-ing（短语）常见的有：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of， considering等。 如： Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般来说，那儿的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。 Judging by his clothes，he may be an artist. 从衣着来判断，他可能是个艺术家。
五、不定式短语作插入语。
  能用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be frank，to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make matters worse，to sum up，to start with，to begin with等。 如： To be frank，I don’t quite agree with you. 坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。 To tell you the truth，I’m not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话，我对这件事情的兴趣不大。 To sum up，success results from hard work. 总而言之，成功是艰苦努力的结果。 六、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。 能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure，I believe，I think，I know，I suppose，I hope，I’m afraid，you see， what’s more，that is to say，as we know，as I see，believe it or not等。 如： Some animals only half-hibernate，that is to say，their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说，它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。 I believe，China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我确信，中国迟早会赶上发达国家。 He can’t pass the exam，because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more，he isn’t so clever. 他不能通过这次考试，因为他学习不认真，更何况他又不太聪明。
编辑本段插入语的使用
  插入语（句）是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开，并且在语法上不影响其他成分。例如：   I think， she has no feeling for your trouble. / She， I think， has no feeling for your trouble. 我想，她对你的遭遇无动于衷。
一 . 插入语的出现形式
  1. 插入语常以副词（副词短语）、形容词（形容词短语）、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。   （ 1 ）常见的副词及短语： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。   （ 2 ）常见的形容词及短语： funny， needless to say （不用说）， most important of all 等。   （ 3 ）常见的介词短语： by the way， in a few words / in sum / in short （简而言之）， in other words， in general， in one's opinion / judgment （按照某人的意见）， in fact， in the first place， of course， to one's knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。   （ 4 ）常见的现在分词短语： strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking （严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚地等）说； judging from / by …（根据……判断）等。   （ 5 ）常见的动词不定式短语： to be sure （无疑地）， to sum up （概括地说）， to tell the truth， to be honest， to be short， to conclude， to put it briefly， to put it in another way， to begin （ start ） with 等。   注意：上述单词或短语作插入语和状语时的区别。例如：   （ 1 ） Frankly， he'd like to listen to music.   （副词作插入语，表示说话人的态度）   Here you should speak frankly.   （副词作状语）   （ 2 ） True， your daughter is at home now. （形容词作插入语）   He came back， hungry and tired. （形容词作状语）   （ 3 ） Judging from what he said， he does look down his elder brother. （现在分词作插入语，其主语不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明）   Seeing from the window， he can see the lake. （现在分词作状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语 he ）   （ 4 ） To tell you the truth， he doesn't quite agree with this idea. （不定式作插入语，动作主体不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明）   To buy the machine， he went to Beijing. （不定式作目的状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语 he ）   2. 插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说）， that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来）， what's more， what's worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是）， I'm afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）等。   插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如：   （ 1 ） What should I do first？   What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）   （ 2 ） Who is singing？   Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整）
－ Alice， you feed the birds today， _____？   － But I fed them yesterday. （广东 1999 ）   A. do you B. will you   C. didn't you D. don't you   分析：这是特设语境，插入语 Alice 暗示后面句子为带主语的祈使句，正确答案： B .   
 will give D. giving   分析：do you think 是一个插入语，将其去掉的话，剩余部分用陈述语序。正确答案： C . 
 （ 5 ） Philip is a New Yorker， _______ ， he lives in New York.   A. that is B. besides   C. after all D. in one word   分析：直接选择适合上下文语境的插入语。正确答案： A .   2. 阅读理解和完形填空。阅读中出现大量插入语会增加理解障碍。熟练掌握插入语，有利于分析句子结构，理解文章大意。例如： I， of course， like a bicycle better. It doesn't cost me much， yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What's more， it doesn't pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people's.   3. 写作。书面表达要求语言连贯、地道，恰当使用插入语，可以给文章增色不少。例如： Like most of my schoolmates， I have neither brothers nor sisters － in other words， I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof， but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter？ How things are in other homes， I wonder. （ NMET 2001 ）

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