“It” 用法归纳

“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予足够的重视。现将it用法归纳如下：

一、It用作实词

       表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门,打电话时用)；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象…… 请参考课本P157

二、It用作形式主语

      替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

       It 作形式主语的常见句型：

1. it替代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为

   （1）It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

   此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible等

       例  It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.

   （2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

  此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless等

       例  It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.

2. It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型

       It’s no good/use doing…               

       It’s (well)worth doing…  

       It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do…                      It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do      

       例  It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

3. It替代主语从句的常见句型

（1）It is + noun +从句

       例  It is no secret/surprise that the president wants to have a second term at office.

  (2) It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

（3）It is Vpp that…=sb/sth is to do

 (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）

例  It is said that the couple have got divorced.(=The couple are said to have got divorced.)

注意区分: As is said, the couple have got divorced.

What is said is that the couple have got divorced.
(4). It is  adj.(important, necessary, right, strange, natural, desirable)

n. (a pity, a shame, no wonder)                          +that从句用(should+V原)

 

Vpp (表建议suggested, proposed, recommended, advised

要求desired, requested, demanded,命令ordered, decided等)
该句型和前三个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词,名词,动词不同，且说话人对从句中的事实表示惊讶,那么that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should意为”竟然,应该”,可以省去。但若说话人对从句中的事实不表示惊讶,也可用陈述语气.
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

It is a pity that you can’t swim.

(5）It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb /amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger+sb. that…

例  It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)

（6）It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do

 (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

例  It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) 

   It didn’t occur to me that I would be the monitor. 我从没想过我会当班长.

   It didn’t occur to her to ask for help. 她从没想过要求助.

三、It作主语的常见句型

1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事

       例  It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

2. It’s (just)(un)like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事的风格

       例  It was (just) like him to think of helping us.

3. It’s (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了 (should不可省略)

       例  It’s(about/high) time that we should take action.

4. It’s the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了

       例  It’s the third time that he has failed the driving test.

        It was the first time that he had been abroad.

5. It be +时间段+since引导的状语从句

主句	从句	意义
is   /         has been	V-ed (瞬间性动词)	从过去的一个时间延续至说话的现在 自从……有多久了
was	Had v-ed	从过去的某个时间点延伸至另一个过去时间点
is	V-ed (延续性动词)	自从动作的结束以来多长时间了 不做…已经有多久了

例 I t has been three weeks since he arrived here.  他到这儿已经有三周了

It is two years since I saw him last time. 自从我上一次见到他已经有两年了

It was years since I had seen her.  我和他好几年没见面了。

It’s 10 years that he lived here 他不在这住已经有十年了.

6. It is/was/will be(not)+ long/一段时间+ before…过(不)了多长时间某动作就/才发生了

       例  It was not long before they arrived. 我们没过多久就到了.

       It will be long before my dream comes true. 还要很长时间,我的梦想才会实现.

7. It is ... when +时间状语从句,主句中的 it 指时间. 常译为”当．．．的时候，是．．．”。
It was 5 o’clock when he came here.

四、It 作形式宾语

it替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

       It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

       1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do  (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, find…)

       例  I think it hard for you to do the task on your own.

       2. verb+it+adj./noun (one’s) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one’s while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

       例  I’ll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

       3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…

verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…

       (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

       例  I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.

       4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

       例  The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

       5. v. +it + prep. + that…

       owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…

       leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做

       take it for granted that …想当然 , 认为…理所当然

       keep it in mind that… 牢记…

       例  Don’t bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.

       6. It用在某些不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，

(1)表示好恶的动词enjoy, like, love, dislike, hate, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, make(按时到达,成功)后+it +if或when等引导的宾语从句

       例  I hate it when people cry.

I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.

The boy likes it when he is praised before guests.

  (2) 动词have(表明,坚持说),take(认为,猜想),hide(隐瞒),publish(公布),put(表达,写出来), answer for(担保),count on(期待,指望), depend on, insist on(坚持,坚持说), see to(注意，留意；确保)等+it +that引导的宾语从句

     I take it that you wanted something else.

     We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time.

     I am counting on it that you will come.

     She will see to it that he goes ahead. 她将注意确保他继续进行。

7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外）

       例  I’m for it that you will follow their advice.

       五、强调句型

       It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分,即主语,宾语,名词表语,状语,状语从句。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。

       在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：

       1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 

       例  When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？

       2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句

       例  It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday.

       3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上

       例  It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.

       4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别 

       例  It was at 7 o’clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)

       It was 7 o’clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)

    怎样判断强调句型与其它从句 ？

   可用恢复原句来判别，即是把It is/was… that…取消，如果 剩下的仍能组成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句，否则就不是。

       六、It 常用的固定搭配

       1. make it

        (1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达

       例  It’s hard to make it to the top in show business.

        (2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”

       例  —Shall we meet next week?

           —OK. We just make it next Saturday.

       2. as it is

       (1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”

       例  We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won’t finish it until next week.

       (2).相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”

       例  Leave the table as it is.

       3. as it were  相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”

       例  He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.

       4. if it weren’t for…/if it hadn’t been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……”

       例  If it weren’t for Tom, I wouldn’t be alive today.

       5. that’s it

       (1). 相当于That’s all. That’s so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了”

       例  You can have one more sweet, and that’s it.

        (2). 相当于 That’s right.表示“对啦”

       例  — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”

         —That’s it.

       6. As it happened, … 在口语中，相当于it’s a pity that…, 表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”

       例  As it happened, they were out.

       7. As it turned out,…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是”

       例  As it turned out, his statement was false.

       8. Take it/things easy. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”

       例  Take it easy! He will do it well.

       9. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”

       例  Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. 

       10. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”

       例  —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?

            —It/That all depends.

       11. It’s up to sb. 在口语中，相当于it’s decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”

       例  —Shall we go out for dinner?

            —It’s up to you.