在英语中,实义动词按其特征可以分为两类:持续性动词和瞬时性动词。持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间,此类动词有do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write等;瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,此类动词有open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die等。许多同学常对它们混淆不清而犯各种错误。下面我们就来探讨它们各自的用法。
一、在以when,as soon as,as, before,after等引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词既可以是瞬时性动词,也可以是持续性动词。
例: When he came in, I was doing homework.
We often take a nap after we have lunch.
二、在以while引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词一般是持续性动词。
例: While they were working, they saw something strange.
三、在以till, until引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词既可是瞬时性动词,也可是持续性动词。
1.若主句的谓语动词是瞬时性动词,句子用否定结构,从句一般也用瞬时性动词。
例: Mother didn’t go to bed until I came back last night.
2.若主句谓语动词是持续性动词,这时句子用肯定结构和否定结构均可,但含义有差别。
例: I worked until she fell asleep. (我一直工作到她睡着为止。)
I didn’t work until she fell asleep. (直到她睡着了,我才工作。)
四、以for, since 引导的时间状语从句一般同瞬时性动词的否定形式或持续性动词连用。
例: Jane has been a doctor for five years.(正)
Jack has become a doctor for five years.(误)
become作为瞬时性动词,不能和for+时间状语直接连用,而be动词则可用于表示主语所处的状态。
例: I haven’t received her letter for three months.
haven’t received her letter表示一个状态而非一个瞬间动作。
句型转换:
1.The train ______ ______ ______ for fifteen minutes.
It has been fifteen minutes since the train left.
2.I stayed up until 11∶00 last night.
I______ ______ ______ ______ until 11∶00 last night.
3. Her father died three years ago.
Her father______ ______ ______ for three years.
4.His brother joined the Party one year ago.
His brother______ ______ ______the Party for one year.
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