A. Computer-graded Writing System        B. Human-graded Writing

C How to Improve Students' Writing        D. Advantages of E-readers.

 

（B）

They once seemed more at home on the bustling streets of Asia like Delhi, Calcutta and Bangkok but cycle powered rickshaws (人力车) can now be seen taking people across town in many European cities. Many people believe that rickshaws are a good way of experiencing a city, close-up while also cutting down on traffic jams and pollution.

In Berlin, one of the first cities to introduce this new mode of transport, more than 200 bike-taxis go along at 15km per hour, past many tourist attractions and city parks.

"It is completely environmentally friendly; we have new models with an engine to help the driver up the hills but they use renewable energy," said a spokesman for VELOTAXI, the leading rickshaw company which has carried a quarter of a million people this year.

While the city still has 7,000 motor-taxis, rickshaw company officials say their taxis’ green ethics, speed and safety make them more than just a tourist attraction. While now increasingly out of fashion in Delhi, Berlin people have eagerly accepted the new fleet since their launch in 1997.

"It's better than a taxi, better than a bus, better than the train," said Ulf Lehman, 36, as he leapt out of a rickshaw near the world famous Brandenburg gate. "It feels so free."

"This is something out of the ordinary and you feel you are on holiday in Bangkok instead of Berlin," said another traveller.

In Amsterdam, driver Peter Jancso said people like to be driven around in his bright yellow rickshaw and pretend to be a queen in a golden carriage. "I like my passengers to feel important," he said as he dropped off another passenger. Another visitor noted how cheap it was compared with a normal taxi.

Although increasingly popular in Europe, it is the opposite in India, where hand-pulled rickshaws are considered inhuman and a symbol of India's backward past.

Nearly 500 bike-rickshaws are running in London and are not required to pay the city's road tax but things may change as other taxi drivers complain of unfair treatment.

68. Where are rickshaws becoming more popular?

A. Delhi, Berlin, Paris.                 B. Amsterdam, Bangkok, Delhi.

C. Athens, London, Berlin.               D. Berlin, Amsterdam, London,

69. Why are rickshaws no longer as widely used in India as in the past?

A. They are a reminder of a bad period in India's history.

B. They have been banned because they are too cruel.

C. The streets of India are too crowded for them to move through easily.

D. Indians now prefer to travel by car because they are richer.

70. What does the underlined sentence, “This is something out of the ordinary and you feel you are on holiday in Bangkok instead of Berlin" (para. 6) suggest?”

A. The passenger didn't like taking a rickshaw as it reminded him of Bangkok.

B. The passenger enjoyed being on holiday in Berlin more than in Bangkok.

C. The passenger was impressed when taking a rickshaw and considered it unusual.

D. The passenger disapproved of rickshaws because they were not original to Berlin.

71. What is the author's attitude towards rickshaws?

A. He gives no personal opinion.              B. He believes they will be of no use.

C. He thinks they will reduce pollution.        D. He thinks they are old-fashioned.

（C）

It used to be that people were proud to work for the same company for the whole of their working lives. They'd get a gold watch at the end of their productive years and a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty. But today's rich capitalists have regressed (倒退)to the "survival of the fittest" ideas and their loyalty extends not to their workers or even to their stockholders but only to themselves. Instead of giving out gold watches, they grab tens and even hundreds of millions of dollars as they sell for their own profit from the company they may have been with for only a few years.

The new rich selfishly act on their own to unfairly grab the wealth that the country as a whole has produced. The top 1 percent of the population now has wealth equal to the whole bottom 95 percent and they want more. Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed in downsizing and outsourcing (将产品包给分公司做)because these business don't create new jobs as the founder of new industries used to do. By doing this, they can keep the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.

To keep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all the politicians from the top down. The president himself is constantly leaving Washington and the business at the nation because he is invited to "fundraising dinners" where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money. And on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing up ail the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich.

The middle class used to be loyal to the free enterprise system. In the past, the people of the middle class mostly thought they'd be rich themselves someday or have a good shot at becoming rich. But nowadays income is being distributed more and more unequally and corporate loyalty is a thing of the past. The middle class may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprise system altogether and to the government which governs only the rest of us whiie letting the corporations do what they are pleased to do, As things stand, if somebody doesn't wake up, the middle class is on a path to being downsized(缩小) all the way to the bottom of society.

72. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that people used to place a high value on __________.

A. job security

B. boss’s praise

C. corporate loyalty

D. retirement benefits

73.    The author is strongly critical of today's rich capitalists for ___________.

 A. not giving necessary assistance to laid-off workers

B. maximizing their profits at the expense of workers
 C. not setting up long-term goals for their companies

D. rewarding only those who are considered the fittest

74.    The rich try to influence the policy of the government by _____________.

A. occupying important positions in both political parties

B. making contributions of money to decision-makers

C.  pleasing the public with generous donations

D. hosting fundraising dinners every day

75.  What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. to call on the middle class to remain loyal to the free enterprise system

.    B. to warn the government of the shrinking of the American middle class

C. to persuade the government to change its current economic policies

D. to urge the middle class to wake up and protect their own interests

 

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need．

　

A. Brasilia, a beautiful city, but not yet a community B. Large cities built without plans C. What is required to turn a city into a community D. How to create a beautiful new city E. Modem cities built with good plans F.A comparison between two cities

76. __________

Most of the large cities in the world have grown without plans and blueprints, London is such a city. Its streets zigzag, snake, and circle. There is no reason or order to its street-numbering system. Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver knows the whole of London, And before he gets his cabbies's license he must first tour the city for months, street by street, then take a comprehensive examination to prove that he can find his way about. New York and Chicago grew in much the same way. They just spread out, pushed by the demands for residential, business, or industrial space. Like spilled water, they expanded in all directions. Today in New York, even a native born Manhattanite despairs of finding his way around Brooklyn.

77. __________

There are few modern cities, however, that were created out of nothing. They were built strictly by the book according to detailed plans that will also control future growth. Two such American cities are Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia. But the prime example of a city planned and built from scratch in the twentieth century is Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil.

78. __________

Ready for business in 1960, Brasilia was an architect's delight and a planner's dream. Its public buildings, monuments, and high-rise apartment complexes were magnificently modern. Access roads fed into the streets with no traffic lights. Every feature seemed logical, reasonable, and right. But for more-than a decade, Brasilia seemed all wrong to the people brought there to live and to work in government offices. White it was undeniably a beautiful city, it was not yet a community,

79. __________

For it is people and their history of habitation that turn a city from a collection of streets and building into a community. It is people who give a city life and character and personality—and a brand-new tailor-made Brasilia didn't have those qualities for a long time. But now, happily, its residents no longer feel they need to rush back to Rio or Sao Paulo at every opportunity. Indeed, they visit, picnic, and enjoy one another's company, Brasilia is beginning to feel like home to them.

80. __________

Other planned cities have faced the same problem of creating a community spirit and identity. Some observers of life in Columbia, Maryland, another planned city, have been concerned with lack of spirit there and have made an interesting compassion between Columbia and Hoboken, New Jersey. Hoboken, and oid waterfront town just across the Hudson River from New York City, is an urban planner's nightmare. It has row upon row of old dingy brick buildings, and grass and trees are few and far between. Columbia, on the other hand, is an urban planner's dream. It has charming colonial and modern houses' on winding streets. There are lovely lawns and beautiful trees. And there are bicycle paths and hundreds of acres of woods, meadows and lakes.

 

 

Section D

Directions: Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

The community college has been around for more than 100 years. At first community colleges were simply a continuation of high school. Students took classes in English, history, mathematics, and science that qualified them to teach children from kindergarten through the eighth grade. Small in size and responsive to demand, these colleges soon began to do more. During the Great Depression, community colleges offered job-training programs. After World War II, they helped veterans acquire the skills they would need for a peacetime economy. In the 1960s, social concerns and the search for opportunity further fueled the growth of the community-college system. Today, there are more than 1,000 such schools throughout the United States, and more than nine million people enroll in certification or degree programs each year. An additional five million people take classes to learn skills that they can use on the job or to pursue personal interest.

Although all community colleges share a common belief in the value of continuing education, each is a unique institution that serves the needs of its community) Colleges often work with businesses to encourage economic growth. Together, they identify the skills needed in the modern workplace so that the college can design successful programs. Students can earn an associate's degree in two years or less. Community colleges also cost less to attend than a four-year university.

In rural parts of the United States, community colleges have begun to change a harsh present into a hopeful future. Steady declines in farming, mining, and forestry have resulted in high levels of unemployment and severe poverty. Young people leave their homes to try to find work in the cities. Widespread illiteracy(文盲)is also a problem. In response the colleges have provided access to computers and at the same time contributed to the shaping of the public policy.

Rural community colleges are also pioneers in education. They have been using satellite television to connect teachers to students often hundreds of miles apart. Some of them, especially those affiliated(附属于)with Native American Communities, have also become the guardians of culture. They are centers of scholarly research and the headquarters of oral history. They teach native arts and history in the classroom. Besides, they have even been able to link economic improvement to regional identity through cultural tourism.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)

81. At first community colleges were only a continuation of high school, but they began to
develop because_______________ .

82._______________ shows the uniqueness of each community college.

83.  In rural areas, how can community colleges help to solve unemployment, poverty and the illiteracy problem?

84.  What can community colleges do to preserve Native American culture?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

第II卷（共45分）

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.       非常感激老师给我们提供了这么多的好书。（appreciate）

2.    你在校园里参加的活动越多，你的朋友就越多。（the more... the more...）

3.       碰巧我看过这本书了，因此知道这个故事将如何发展下去。（happen）

4.       使我们吃惊的是，这些教师和专家们致力于教育改革，却仍然默默无闻。（devote）

5.       人们逐渐意识到没有长期有效的措施，就难以应对突如其来的灾难。（come to）

 

II. Guided Writing:

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 ― 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

现在，有些学生认为和老师之间存在代沟，很难和老师沟通，你认为师生之间的人际关系该如何处理，谈谈你的看法。

（此试卷谢绝转载！）