冠词

易错点回顾：

大家除了掌握使用冠词的基本规则外，还应不拘泥于规则，注意冠词的活用：

1．表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the; 但如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词a,an。
the world, a peaceful world
the moon, a bright moon

2. 表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a, an。
Have you had supper?
We had a wonderful supper.

3. 表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the, 但前面如果出现定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a, an。
He starts his day by playing the violin.
He is playing a borrowed violin.

4. 介词与表示交通工具的名词连用表示笼统的方式，前面一般不用冠词，但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语，前面需加冠词。
He went to the station by car.
He went to the station in a black car.

5. 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。
English=the English language French=the French language

6. turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。
He turned writer many years later.(=He became a writer many years later.)

典例调研

［例1］Do you know who invented the computer?

computer前加the。冠词缺失错误。发明物的前面需加定冠词。

［例2］ The old naturalist was devoted to bringing out the secret of nature all his life .
去掉nature前的定冠词the。冠词多余错误。nature当"大自然"讲时，是整体概念，前面一般不用冠词。

［例3］ I had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts, I decided to try a third time.
去掉第一个定冠词the，第二个定冠词改为a。冠词使用错误。on second thoughts 为固定用法，意为"又一想"，后面third前用不定冠词a表示"再一、又一"之意。

［例4］The news is spreading from mouth to mouth and has become the talk of the town.
town前加定冠词the。冠词缺失错误。这里the town指的是全镇的"人们"。

［例5］ Do you think it is all right to buy him that DVD player as a birthday gift?
the→a。冠词使用错误。DVD作为礼物，显然是多种选择中的一种，故前面用不定冠词a。

［例6］I know how you feel, because I had a similar problem two years ago.
the→a。冠词使用错误。similar前应用不定冠词a,一个

【指导·借鉴】

　　冠词的使用比较灵活，大家应从分析语境入手，首先搞清一个名词在句中是特指还是泛指，注意一个名词有无修饰语，如果有修饰语（如一个名词的后面出现of介词短语或定语从句），这个名词很可能就是特指概念，前面需加定冠词，如the secret of nature；另外要注意，一些名词在一般的用法中不用冠词，但到了另外一种语境中，前面可能需加冠词，如：go to town(到城里)， The whole town went out to meet him.（全城的人都出来迎接他）。

强化闯关

1. The rich used to look down upon the poor.

1．a→the。冠词使用错误。指一类人，应用the+形容词。

2. Doctors and nurses should care for their patients.
2．去掉句子开头的定冠词。本题属冠词多余，此处泛指所有的医生和护士。

                              
3. February is the second month of the year.
3．a→the。冠词使用错误。序数词前用定冠词the，表示第……。

4. Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
4．most前加the。冠词缺少错误。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词。

5. June 1st is Children’s Day.
5．去掉the。冠词多余错误。Children’s Day 是专有名词，前面无需用冠词。

6. We elected him   monitor of the class.
6．去掉第一个the。冠词多余错误。在表示独一无二的事物、职务等的名词作表语、

补语、同位语时，前面不用冠词。

7. He felt that somebody patted him on the shoulder.
7．his→the。句型中词汇使用错误。"动词(hit, pat, strike, catch, seize, take)+ sb.+the+身体某一部位"是特殊句型。

8. She finished school at the age of eighteen.
8．去掉第一个the。 finish school是"毕业"之意，前面不用冠词。

9. You must take the medicine three times a day.
9． the→a。冠词使用错误。表示频率，应用three times a day。

10. Helen has tried twice, and she is asked to have a third try.
10．the→a。冠词使用错误。"a+序数词"表示"又一"之意。

 

 

时态的误用

易错点回顾：

 

1．用一般现在时表将来时

用于某些时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如when, before, after, once, until,till, as soon as(the moment)等引导的时间状语从句，if,unless, even if等引导的条件状语从句。

［误］ Tell him the news as soon as he will come.

［正］ Tell him the news as soon as he comes.

［析］ as soon as 引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时表将来。

 

2.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，过去时仅仅说明过去发生的动作，与现在没有关系

［误］Did you see my pen?

［正］Have you seen my pen?

［析］现在完成时说明还在找钢笔。

 

3. 固定句式里面的时态要求

(1) This is the first time I have done sth..

(2) It has been two years since he went abroad.

(3) I was about to go out when the telephone rang.

(4) Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.

(5) No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.

(6) It won’t be long before he comes back.

(7) I didn’t manage to understand it until he had explained it again.

 

典例调研

 

［例1］ We were playing basketball while they are playing football.

are→were/were→are。时态不一致错误。while引导时间状语从句，前后动作应是同时发生。

 

［例2］ Hardly had the doctor gone to bed when there was a knock on the door.

did→had, go→gone。时态误用。Hardly后应用过去完成时，表示过

去的过去。

 

［例3］ Where have you been? I have been waiting for you for nearly two hours.

had→have。时态误用。说话时某人已回来，应用"Where have you been?"。

 

［例4］ He has forgotten to turn off the light. Look, it’s still on.

forgot前加has。时态使用错误。现在完成时强调对现在仍有影响，从后面"Look, it’s still on."可以看出。

 

［例5］ This is the first time that I’ve come to a big city.

come前加have。固定句式时态错误。在"This is the first/(second...)time+从句"结构中，从句用现在完成时。

 

【指导·借鉴】

 

对于短文改错中的动词时态错误，大家可根据以下思路去改正：

（1）根据时态环境（2）根据时间状语（3）根据句意及逻辑关系 （4）根据连词的对称原则

 

强化闯关

 

1. Jane was dancing , but when she saw me she stopped.

1. stops→stopped。时态不一致错误。我见到Jane时，她"正在跳舞"，然后"停"下了。前面用过去进行时，后面用一般过去时。

 

2. Tom told me that he had just been asked what he was doing during the holidays.

2. has→had。时态不一致错误。由 told 与宾语从句的关系判断，应用过去完成时的被动语态形式。

 

3. I am sorry, I have forgotten your birthday, When is it?

到目前为止仍没有记起

I almost forgot:差点忘记，已经想起来了

3. forgot→have forgotten。时态不一致错误。现在完成时have forgotten 含有"到目前为止仍没有记起"之意；过去时forgot暗示"刚才忘了，但现在已经记起来了"。由后面"When is it?" 判断，说话时讲话人依然不记得对方生日的具体时间。

 

4. We would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we haven’t found find out his address yet .

4. didn’t find→haven’t found。时态使用错误。 现在完成时强调对现在的影响，表示我们"现在还不知道"他的地址。

 

5. Beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch what you said .

5. don’t→didn’t。时态不一致错误。 这里指的是刚才没有听清楚，故用过去时。

 

6. He did go to meet us at the station, but he didn’t see us.

6. does→did。时态不一致错误。 由转折连词but 判断，"他去了"。助动词do可用来强调谓语动词。如：He does like English。

 

7. Where have you been all this time? The train is about to leave.

7. was→is。时态不一致错误。由语境可知，应用一般将来时，be about to do表示将来。

 

8. Hello, this is Dr Grey’s office. We arecalling to remind you of your 4∶15 appointment tomorrow afternoon.

8. were→are。时态使用错误。 由语境判断是"正在打电话"，故应用现在进行时。

 

9. Through my efforts, this part of the park is cleaner.

9. was→is。时态使用错误。 由语境可知，表示通过以往的努力，公园现在已整洁起来。

 

10. Last Sunday, he went to the library, borrowed two books and then left.

10. borrowing→borrowed。时态不一致错误。这里and连接三个并列的动作，故都用过去时。