虚拟语气 

虚拟语气有三种

 

① 从句谓语 动词原形型：建议，命令，坚持，要求（suggest，order，advise, insist, require, demand 后的宾语从句中）   It is necessary that 主 should V原 +其他 ②  从句谓语一般过去式型:It’s time that +主+DID+其他                 Would you mind if I sat beside you? ③   从句谓语时态前推型（用DID/were或had done）：if，wish后的宾从，as if/as though, if only, would rather 后的宾从

一从句谓语动词原形型   （should）V原 或      (should) be done

1 从句谓语动词原形型虚拟语气用在表示“建议，要求，坚持，命令”等有强制性意味的动词后面的宾语从句中，表示必须做某事。这些动词有  suggest，order，advise, insist, require, demand, ask, prefer, propose，request，

decide等。主句即使是过去式，宾从谓语动词保持不变，仍用动词原形。

2 这些词的被动句中的主语从句也要用动词原形。

 

 

we put off the party. they not go swimming tomorrow. he finish the homework by Saturday.

 It’s suggested that {

 

 

 

3 这类动词转化成的名词作主语时，其表语从句需要用V原 作谓语。

4 这类动词转化成的名词（suggestion，advice，order，decision，recommendation，proposal）的同位语从句中也用V原 作谓语。

  My suggestion is that he go there at once.

  What do you think of his proposal that we (should )put on a play at the English evening?

二从句谓语一般过去式型:It’s time that we _________ to bed.(go)

               It’s time that we ____________ our meeting.(start)

It’s time that he __________ home. (drive)

Would you mind if I __________ in the office next door? (smoke)

三从句谓语时态前推型

1 带有if条件从句的虚拟语气（113）“后退一步法”

 

 

	if 条件从句	主句
与过去事实相反	If+主+had done…	主+would have done+…    （should/could/might）
与现在事实相反	If+主+were（是）/DID(一般过去式)	主+would V 原 （should/could/might）
与将来事实相反	①    if…were/DID…(一般过去式) ②    if…should V原… ③    if…were to V原

 2  I wish ↗I were a bird.  /I had one billion yuan (DID/were)

          →I hadn’t made such a mistake yesterday.(had done)

         ↘I would meet you tomorrow.(would/could + V原)

3 If only +句子 译为“要是。。。。。。就好了！”

 If only I were a bird!/ I had one billion yuan ! (DID/were)

If only I hadn’t made such a mistake yesterday!(had done)

If only the holiday would be longer!  If only I could fly! (would/could + V原)

4 as if 好像，仿佛，似乎

She closed her eyes as if →she was very tired.(有可能真累)

                      ↘she were very tired.（其实不累）

  She looks at me as if I _______ a stranger.(be)

  He did it as if he ________ an expert.（be）

  He talked about America as if he ______ _____ to it.（be）

 

 

主+DID/were…(与现在，将来事实相反) 。。。had done….(与过去事实相反)

  主句+as if {

 

 

主+DID/were…(与现在，将来事实相反) 。。。had done….(与过去事实相反)

5 主 would rather 主+{

 

 （宁愿）

      I would rather he ______ tomorrow.(come)

      I would rather you ______ _______ yesterday.(come)

 附注：1 虚拟语气的倒装省略：if条件从句中如果含有were，should，had这三个词中的任何一个，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到句首，实行倒装。

①    Were I you, I would act differently.

(=______ ______ ______ ______, I would act differently.)

②    Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go out.

(=____ ____ ____ ____ ____,we would not go out.)

③    Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not go out.

(=___ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____, I would not go out.)

④    Had I known your number, I would have telephoned you .

  (=______ ______ ________ _________ your number, I would have telephoned you.)

⑤ If I were in your position, I wouldn’t throw away the opportunity.

 (=______ ______ ________ your position, I wouldn’t throw away the opportunity.)

2   混合条件句，也叫错综时间条件句，即主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间。

 If you _______ _________ (ask) him yesterday, you ______ ______(know) what to do.

3 介词短语代替if条件从句，常用的介词有with， without（如果没有），but for sth（要不是。。。，如果没有。。。），if it had not been for his teacher(如果没有)，if it were not for sb. (=without) 

What would you do with a million dollars? (= if you had a million dollars)

Without air, there _________ _________ no life on the earth.

Without your help, we _________ _________ ___________ (not finish) the work ahead of time.

Without electricity, we ________ ___________ ___________quite different today. (be)

But for the train, we ________ _________ _________ (come) here on time.

But for your help, he ___________ ___________ ____________ (fail) the interview.

Without (But for ) air, we couldn’t live.

 （介词短语，主+would+V原 或 would have done sth。）

4        真实句. Otherwise, 主+would → V 原

                          ↘would have done sth.

I’m busy now. Otherwise, I would help you.

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.

I ran all the way to school. Otherwise I _________ _________ _________ late.(be)

5 should have done sth. 本该做某事而没做  shouldn’t have don sth(含责备之意)

 ought to have done sth.         →        oughtn’t have done sth.

 needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事而作了（做了不必做的事）

 would rather have done sth. 宁愿已做了某事 →would rather not have done sth

 might have done sth. 本有可能做某事的（而没做）

 could have done sth. 本能够做某事的（而没做） 

练习：

1 _Are you feeling sick?

  ---Yes, I wish my mum ______ _______me to eat so much.(force)

2 If only I ________ a brother like you. (have)

3 If only I _________ how to operate a computer as you do! (know)

4 Jill would rather we _______ ______ now, but we must go to work. (not leave)

5 It is necessary that you _______ (be)present at the discussion.

6 Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___________ ill, and her parents suggest that she ___________ (have) a medical examination.

7 I wish I ______ _______ you yesterday. (see)

8 The judge ordered that the thief ____________ punished. (被惩罚)

9 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________ broken.(be)

10 If she ______ ______ (have ) medicine earlier, she _______ ______ ill now.(not be)

11 I got stuck in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I _______ ______ ______ (come) here earlier.

12 The boy insisted that he _______ _______ (not steal) the money and he ________ ________(set) free at once.

13 What would have happened if Bob _______ ______ (walk) as far as  the river bank?

14 Convinced that computers are the keys to success, parents are insisting that children ________ _______(teach) ---as early as possible.

15 Some of the members made a suggestion that a meeting __________ ______(hold) to solve all the problems we had in the experiment.

16 The headmaster suggested that the disabled boy _________ _____ _____ _____ (被送去上学) next term. (send)

17 Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school, otherwise he ________ _______a student of Beijing University.

18 .If I _______ _______ (我没有喝)alcohol last night. I could have driven my car home.(drink)

19 I feel so sick. I wish Mum_______ _______ _______(没有逼我)to eat so much.(force)
20 After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _________ ________(它着陆)as scheduled the next day.(land)    

21 Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ______ _______（讨论）at the meeting.(discuss)