2011年12月英语四级答案解析完整版(新东方))(转）--2

 

短对话答案：

　　11.

　　B) Go and ask the staff.

　　12.

　　A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.

　　13.

　　B) She is worried about missing her flight.

　　14.

　　A) In a restaurant

　　15.

　　A) He is being interviewed for a job.

　　16.

　　B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.

　　17.

　　D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.

　　18.

　　Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?

　　长对话：

　　19. B)He prefershot weather to cold weather。

　　20. B)The coldhouses。

　　21. C)Depressing。

　　22. B)They work hard and play hard。

　　23. B)French

　　24. C)Careersguidance。

　　25. A)Itspleasant environment。

　　Passage 1

　　26. C) The art of Japanese brush painting

　　27. B) To enhance concentration。

　　28. A) How listeners in different cultures showrespect

　　Passage 2

　　29. B) Buying and maintain equipment。

　　30. D) Two of his employees committed theft。

　　31. B) Advancement to a higher position。

　　32. D) She is competing with Chris for the newjob。

　　Passage 3

　　33.　A)They helpus see the important values of a culture。

　　34 　B) The values they reflect may change。

　　35. What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world?

　　Section C

　　Compound Dictation

　　Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own（36）company, I no longer imagine I can get through a （37）single day much less all my life，（38）completely on my own. Even if I am on（39） vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has（40） sewn from cloth woven by others, using （41）electricity someone else is distributing to my house. （42）Evidence of interdependence is everywhere; we are on this （43）journey together.

　　As I was growing up,（44） I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything. “Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.

　　Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imagine that （45）what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.

　　（47）I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.

　　选词填空

　　With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure and jobs. Underlying all this (47) will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

　　Finding the resources to meet this demand in a (48), sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major (49) of the 21^st century. Alternative forms of energy – bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few – are (50) being funded and developed, and will play a growing (51) in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that even when ()52, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s needs by 2050.

　　For example, even with (53) investments, such as $93 million for wind energy development (54) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels (55) only about 1% of the market today.

　　Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of (56) – both traditional and alternative.

首先将15个备选词标上词性：

A. stable (a.) I. exactly (ad.)

B. solutions (n.) J. consist (v.)

C. significant (a.) K. comprise (v.)

D. role (n.) L. competitions (n.)

E. progress (n.) M. combined (v.)

F. marvelous (a.) N. challenges (n.)

G. included (v.) O. certainly (a.)

H. growth (n.)

 

47、根据this确定此空必然填一单数名词，15词中D/E/H备选，E/H相似，其中必有一个答案，前文所说人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增长”来指代，而不能说是进步；故选择H.growth，根据相似原则，E和H可以一起划去。

48、本空与后面的sustainable并列，于是需要填一个形容词，与“可持续”的意象相近的选项为A.stable（稳定的）。

49、本空前面为形容词major, 于是这里需要填入名词，之前还有one of，于是填入复数名词，在N与B中选。本句主语是“找寻”某资源，所以这被概括为一种挑战更为恰当，因此选择N.challenges。

50、本空所在句不缺任何成分，并且其还出现在被动语态be动词和实义动词之间，所以必然填入副词，I和O中O.certainly更为符合。

51、空前a growing表明此处填名词，再往前看有个动词play，因此填入D.role构成习语play a role

52、所在半句中除了when只有一个空，所以这空必然是非谓语动词作状语，选择M.combined，表示“即使当所有资源结合被使用时，这些替代资源也只能解决人类在2050年对能源需求的30%。”

53、空后Investments为名词，此处填入形容词，剩下形容词中只有C.significant可表示可观的、大量的，形容投资非常多。F项与其含义接近，根据相似原则，也可以一并划除。

54、本空出现在名词development之后，整句在such as所引导的例子里，本应为一整个名词性结构，而其后又有专有名词ARRA，于是此处应填入非谓语动词作development的后置定语，剩下词中只有G.included这一个。

55、空后有明显语言标志1%，因此这里应该选择表示组成、构成、占有的K.comprise, 根据相似原则，J也可以排除。

56、此处在a lot of之后，因此填入复数名词，整句意为“能源与可持续专家认为，日后能源需求的解决可能将来自于许多传统和替代的_______。”还剩下“解决方式”和“竞争”两个选项；B.solutions更符合语义。

　　仔细阅读

　　Passage One

　　来自英国卫报(The Guardian): single-sex schools help boys to enjoy arts, says study

　　57.Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.

　　Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereo*type, the US study says.

　　57.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

　　The report, presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools, goes against 58.received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

　　The headmaster of Eton, Tony Little, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because 59.it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls, despite the fact that girls "turn on the waterworks".

　　The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading, because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls. They also felt they had to be "cool" rather than studious.

　　 60.But in single sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, education expert Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

　　Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Boys in boys' schools "loved" to pen verse because they enjoyed the "inherent structure in poems", James said. Because, the researchers say, boys generally have better spatial skills, more acute vision, learn best through touch, are more impulsive and more physically active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around, with this natural impulse not seen as disruptive. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

　　61.Single sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mixed schools, boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the report said.

解析：

　　57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____.

　　A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”

　　B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

　　C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

　　D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

　　选择 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
　　题目问男生学校可以怎样，原文前三段基本都在叙述男校对男生艺术情操方面的发展有着更好的促进作用。

　　58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____.

　　A. perform relatively better

　　B. grow up more healthily

　　C. behave more responsibly

　　D. receive a better education

　　选择 perform relatively better
　　本题较难，题干问通常大家都认为在男女同校的学校中男生都怎样。
　　原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常识或者被多数人所接受的观点，于是后面的部分是本题的出题点。

　　59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

　　A. It fails more boys than girls academically.

　　B. It focuses more on mixed school education.

　　C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.

　　D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

　　选择 it fails to give boys the attention they need
　　原文红字处说这些体制都更关心女生，取反之后意为这些体制都没那么关心男生，于是与此选项对应。

　　60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _____.

　　A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

　　B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

　　C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

　　D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

　　选择 teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
　　原文红字说在男校里，老师可以"根据男生的学习风格量身定制(tailor)课程"

　　61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

　　A. They enjoy being in charge.

　　B. They conform to stereotypes.

　　C. They have sharper vision.

　　D. They are violent and sexist.

　　选择 they conform to stereotype
　　文章最后两段都是在总结人们对男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些问题的出现，James的实验提及许多男生都正遵循着老套的路线发展，即本选项的同义改写；其余选项均是例举中的具体内容，包含于此答案。

 

Passage Two

　　来自英国卫报（The Guradian）: Are money problems driving you apart?

It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won't go.

　　Since money is reputed to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people in May this year found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent report shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples – even more so to their children. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.

"The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

 

　　62. What does the author say about vacationing?

　　A. People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

　　B. Few people can afford it without working hard.

　　C. It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

　　D. It is the chief cause of family disputes.

　　选择 It makes all the hard work worthwhile.
　　对应原文首段中作者评论句:"I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday."

　　63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known…to bring a relationship to its knees”?

　　A. Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

　　B. Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

　　C. Few people can resist the temptation of money.

　　D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

　　选择 Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
　　对应原文的句子字面意思为"金钱是最有可能让一段关系下跪的东西之一"，全段又在说关于金钱的讨论对两人间关系的影响，可见应该选择此答案。

　　64. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession _____.

　　A. conflicts between couples tend to rise

　　B. it is more expensive for couples to split up

　　C. couples show more concern for each other

　　D. divorce and separation rates increase

　　选择 Conflicts between couples tend to rise.
　　对应原文二段中实验结果:"...found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners..."

　　65. What dose Kim Stephenson believe?

　　A. Money is often a symbol of a person’s status.

　　B. Money means a great deal to both men and women.

　　C. Men and women spend money on different things.

　　D. Men and women view money in different ways.

　　选择 Men andwomen view money in different ways.
　　对应四段首句:'KS, ..., believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which make be different things to men and women."

　　66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _____.

　　A. put their money together instead of keeping it separately

　　B. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

　　C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

　　D. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

　　选择 discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship
　　对应原文最后一句:'In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

　　完形部分真题

Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67.reveals.

Nearly half of organisations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68.staff with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), 69.while even more companies expect to experience 70.shortages of employees with Stem skills in the next three years.

The Confederation of British Industry and the vocational qualifications body EDI71.surveyed 694 organisations across the public and 72.private sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.

Half are 73.concerned they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74.recruit enough employees with the right A-level skills.

"75.As we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76.for growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77.intensify," said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI.

"In the future, people with qualifications in science and maths will be particularly sought after, and firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78.technical or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top 79.priorityto encourage more young people to study science-related 80.subjects."

The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81.if they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers 82.rate least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a 83.particular degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a Stem-related subject.

The research 84.highlighted worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85.workforce. Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86.where two-thirds reported concerns.

翻译

87.Charity groups organized various activities to (为地震幸存者筹款)

答案：raise money for (people who survived the earthquake/ the survivors in the earthquake )

解析：

考点一：organize sth / sb to do sth 这里的to是连接不定式做宾语补足语因此应该注意动词要用原形 很多学生会误以为to 是介词而在此处误用了动名词形式。

考点二：筹集善款一词此处最好用raise money ；raise 一词为常考高频词汇除了募捐善款外还曾考过这几个含义：抚养 ； 举起

考点三：“幸免者”即可用survivors in the earthquake，也可用定语从句people who survived （from）the earthquake

注意：这里的survive 可接from也可以不接

88．Linda (不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied.

答案：couldn’t have received my e-mail

解析：

常考考点：虚拟语气中的一种固定考法：

对于过去事情作出的推断的表达方式：

1若是十分肯定的用must have done

2若是一般肯定的用might have done

3若是否定的推断用couldn’t have done

此处是属于第三种 而题干中“不可能收到”是关键解题点

89.It's my mother (一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies.

答案：who always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay

解析：

常见考点一：强调句 it is 。。。。that /who

检验句子是否正确的方法：将it is 。。。。that /who 去掉后便是原始的陈述句：

以该句为例

强调句：It's my mother who always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay when I have difficulties in my studies.

原始句：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay when I have difficulties in my studies.

考点二鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb to do sth 否定心态为encourage sb not to do sth

考点三 灰心 dismay / give up / lose heart

90.The publishing house has to (考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度).

答案：take the popularity of the fiction / novel into consideration /account

考点：固定搭配 考虑。。 take 。。into consideration / account

91.It is absolutely wrong to (仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).

答案：

1 define one’s happiness only by how much money he has /money

2 measure one’s happiness only by money / how much money one has .

考点：定义。。 define 当然如果根据其句子含义翻译其 “定义”一词也可译成衡量measures 此处显示了翻译的灵活性 ，在考场上若记不起定义 define 一词 最好要灵活的使用熟悉的measure A by B 这个短语来替换