自然拼读法（一）http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db099ac0100lj4h.html

自然拼读法（二）http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db099ac0100lj4j.html

自然拼读法（三）http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db099ac0100lj4k.html

 

少儿英语Phonics教学

               ———— Serena

English Pronunciation Teaching

 

Now we have two ways to teach English pronunciation.

      1) Phonetic symbols 

      2) Phonics

 

What’s for?

      1) Students can have a beautiful pronunciation.

      2) Students may read and remember words easily.

 

    * What’s the difference between Phonics and I.P.A (International Phonetic Alphabet) ？

 

    国际音标是另外形成的一种辅助系统，是为母语不是英语的学习者所服务的，对非母语系学习者确实相当有帮助。学习者需要学习一套全新的符号及其发音规则。整个系统完整但规则相对抽象。

 

    *  What is Phonics？

    It’s an approach of teaching children to read.

     Phonics，即字母拼读法，又被译为自然拼音，是一种自然形成的发音规则。

 

   *  Why teach Phonics？

    Phonics教学在美国，至少已经有百年以上的历史了，是美国、加拿大本土孩子的必修课程。适当的Phonics教学，一直被认为是最有效、最直接教授母语阅读的方法。

 

    English has 84% phonetically regular words.

    美国学者Adams（1990）在Phonics Instruction for the Nineties 里指出，出现在初级阅读材料中的词汇，其语音和字母间的对应关系相当稳定。孩子通常能从出现频率最高的37个音组中，拼出大约500个最常使用的词汇。

 

    Read words kids know and look up words they do not know.

    一旦掌握了这种发音规则，孩子就不必去翻查字典而能够顺利地将单词读出。通过这种不用音标的发音规律可以很快学会拼读不认识的单词，提前进入阅读领域，使英语学习变得简单、快乐、有趣。

 

    Phonics is a method of teaching beginning readers to read and pronounce words by learning the sound of letters, letter groups and syllables. Children are taught the sounds of letters and how those letters combine to form words.

 

    Phonics gives children the key to read words they know, and the skills to look up words they do not know.

 

  * Sounds of the 26 letters:

     Short vowels: a  e  i  o  u

 

   A is for apple. E is for egg. I is for ink. O is for octopus. U is for umbrella.

 

      Consonants:  b   c   d   f   g   h   j 

                     k   l   m   n   p   q   r

                     s   t   v   w   x   y   z

 

  * Sounds of the letter clusters:

      字母组合音 letter combination

  For example:  ch   sh   wh   th   oo/u

                   bl    pl    cl   fl    sl    gl

                   sc/sk (scr/squ)     sm/sn      

                   sp/st (spr/str)       sw   

                   dr   tr    fr   cr   gr   pr  

                   ph/gh     tw   qu 

                   a_e   i_e   o_e   u_e

     *Plurals               *past tense  

     *Silent letters       *Using a & an       

 

   1. Greeting

   2. Roll call

   3. Warming-up

   ( 形式丰富多样，能有效的活跃课堂气氛，内容最好与语音课程相关 )

 

     * Chants and songs

     T: If you’re happy and you know it give me an “A”!   SS: æ, æ, æ

 

     * Games  Numbers and letters （提前板书）

Together: A  B  C  D  E  F  G  (clap your hands)

            1  2  3  4   5  6  7  (stamp your feet)

T: I say “one”! (stamp)    SS: I say “A”! (clap)

 

  4. Revision  

     快速再现已学知识，复习巩固，并为新知识的学习做好铺垫

  内容：字母音、字母组合音或因素发音

  形式：闪卡练音，以词练音，以句练音

  巧妙设计板书: a e i o u;  a_e  ai  ay  eigh;  i_e  igh;

                            o_e  oa  ow;  u_e  ew  ue;  e…e; u+…  

 

  5. Lead in & Presentation 

      引入新知识，快速简洁

  * 呈现标准发音（口形），建立字母与字母音间的关系

   *呈现标准发音（口形），建立字母组合与字母组合音之间的关系

 

   方法：

      1. 形在前，音在后 (Show the letter first)

exp：Look, what letter is it? It’s the letter “A”! It

        can make a sound like “æ” / It’s not very happy.

        Now it is crying. “æ, æ, æ” …

 

     2.音在前，形在后

         ( Listen to the sound and find out the letter)

exp：food, room, zoo, cool, pool

        Where is the sound? 

 

   6.Drilling 

   通过塑造标准口型练习发音

    通过多层次的操练使学生领会并能熟练应用发音规则辅助认读.

    * 发音练习(先）：以多层次重复基本音为核心，需要丰富多样的活动

 

   exp：1) 带读T: a, a, a, æ, æ, æ 固定手势

           2) one by one

           3) 导入词汇：cat, cap, catch 板书

           4) 带读: æ, æ, : cat; æ, æ, : cap …

           5) T:TPR手势及动作       SS：说字母音和词 

 

     * 发音规则练习（后）：用字母和字母音先组合、后拆分单词 （从ABA结构开始学习辨别首音、尾音、由浅入深）（自制字母卡片）

 

   exp： cat, bat, pat, hat （老师帮助拆分要求学生组合）

          1) 教授字母a读音

          2) 先给出尾字母音 t (也可先给首字母音)

          3) æ, æ, æ: æt

          4) 再复习首字母辅音 c, b, p, h

          5) æt, æt, k, k: cæt ; b, b: bæt; p, p: pæt;  h, h: hæt （加入操练活动：左手c，右手æt，越来越近，碰到一起就读cat!）

          6) 学生听老师发音,选拼字母卡片（成词）

 

        7.  Production

    Materials for phonics class:

       应该充分应用Chants, Songs或 Tongue Twisters,  巩固并体现教学成果。

 

  * Rhymes:

     Hickory, Dickory, Dock; Hickory, Dickory, Dock;

     The mouse ran up the clock. The clock struck one.

     The mouse ran down. Hickory, Dickory, Dock.

 

  *  Chant:    Peter had a paper cup,

               Paper cup, paper cup,

               Peter had a paper cup,

               Clap for Peter. / poor Peter!

 

    * Songs:            A Big Pig

                    A big pig digging,

                    A big pig digging,

               A big pig dinging in mud.

                    A big pig digging,

                    A big pig digging,

               A big pig digging in mud.

 

           Ride My Bike

          Ride my bike 

     Up the side of a hill,

          Ride my bike

     Up the side of a hill.

          Ride my bike

     All over the place.

     Please ride with me.

 

   A a, alligator;  b b, bird.

                                    c c, cat;  d d, dog.

     e e, elephant and f f, fish; 

                                    g g, gorilla; h h, hamster.

       

   Two little black birds sitting on the hill,

                         one name Jack, and one name Jill.*

   Fly away Jack, fly away Jill,

                         come back Jack, and come back Jill.

   * Repeat            

 

Teaching steps

* Stories: Whenever the students are ready. We should introduce them to storybooks.

 

 A bat.  A bat sat.  A rat.  A rat sat. 

                               A fat cat.  A fat cat sat.  Fat cat!

     

Today is a big day. We will go to a lake. The lake is far away. We will take a train to the lake. We will play games on the train. We can swim in the lake. We can sail in the lake. Oh, I cannot wait. It is going to be a great day!

        

         Where is the white knight? Did he ride out of sight?

         Will he come out tonight? Where is the white knight?

 

         Where is the white bride? Did she come outside?

         Where did she hide? Where is the white bride?

 

         Where is the white rice? Did you serve it up twice?

         Did you eat it with spice? Where is the white rice

  

         Where us the white bike? Did it go on a hike?

         Did you give it to Mike? Where is the white bike?

* Tongue Twister:

              She sells seashells on the seashore.

              The shells she sells are seashells.

              Can you can a can as a canner can a can?

      How many cans can a canner can if a canner can can cans? 

* Tic-tac-toe:       tic      tac      toe

                           1)   b       u         g

                           2)   f        o         x

                           3)   y        e         s

                           4)   b        o         x

                           5)   s        i         x

                           6)   a        n         t

                           7)   l         e         g

* Some games:

    1） 画两个房子，把易混的字母或字母组合音，如:p和b; ch, sh, wh;写在里面，老师读词，学生拍相应的房子；

    2） 用学生自制字母卡片，分成两或几组，每组组员坐在一起，老师读词，学生举首字母音相应的字母，只有队员动作反应都快的加组分；

    3） Call no.    __an │ __an 上来听词写首字母；

    4） Bingo,老师读词，大家一起写自己的，如果和老师的词在同一个格中位置，得分；

    5）Call no. Listen and erase the words.

    6） j        x       y     │    x        j        y 

        ____   _____    _____      _____    _____   _____

        ____   _____    _____      _____    _____   _____

    7） Within one breath! ( once, twice, three times)

          sheep     meet     sleep     deep     bee     free

    8）Review some consonants: give the cards to the SS, pass the cards, T: stop SS: say the sound of the letter, from A to …

    9）Making words:

          Can you give me a word with the sound “a”?

     10）Passing: 传一个口型

    11）Read my lips: (as quickly / slowly as me)

     I am going to just move my lips. Now you are my voice.  

    Three gray geese in green fields grazing.

    12） Who is the spy? 三人同时读，一个不出声，猜是谁

    13）Monster or Serena:

          T: show cards     SS: the sound of the letters

          T: I’m the monster!     SS: shoot

              I’m Serena!                    kiss          

    14）找朋友：学生拿字母卡，根据老师的发音站队组词，之后全体认读拼写（组合）

    15）Write it in turn: 分组列队，根据听到的声音拼写单词，按顺序一人写一字母（拆分）

    16）Big wind blows: 大家站成圈拿着字母卡片，边走边对话

           T: Big wind blows, big wind blows.

         SS: Blows what?

           T: Blows the letter “A”.

(The student with A stands in the center and say “a, a, a, æ, æ, æ, apple, apple, æ, æ, æ…” and the other students squat on their heels…)

(Passing, passing, passing the letters…)               

8．Closure

    总结所学知识，布置课后任务

    *  笔头作业：抄写字母及相关单词，制作字母卡片

    *  听读作业：听读字母音及相关单词、句子、故事(录音作业)

 

www.starfall.com            “Ready Readers”

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