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TPO12-1解析Which Hand Did They Use?

(2013-05-27 16:24:51)
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分类: TPO解析

TPO12-1   Which Hand Did They Use?

1. The phrase assisted in(帮助……) in the passage is closest in meaning to

A initiated 发起;开始

B dominated 支配

C helped with 帮助……

D setup 设置

解析:词汇题。动词词组。原句说惯用手怎么样了操作,AD语意不符,B与“dominant”语意重复,不合逻辑,选C,帮助操作。

 

2. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that even when paint was sprayed by mouth to make a hand stencil

能从第1段中推断出来,即使在油漆通过嘴被喷射来制作一个手的模板的时候

A there was no way to tell which hand was stenciled没有办法判断哪只手被作为模板

B the stenciled hand was the weaker hand 被制作为模板的手是不惯用的那只手

C the stenciled hand was the dominant hand 被制作为模板的手是惯用的那只手(惯用手起辅助作用)

D artists stenciled more images of the dominant hand than they did of the weak 艺术家对惯用手制作了比他们对不惯用的手所做的更多蜡版图像(根据第3句,艺术家制作的都是其不惯用的手的模板)

解析:推断题。以“sprayed by mouth”为关键词,定位出题句为第4句,即惯用手在用嘴喷射的绘画中起帮助作用,第3句说当左手制作成模板的时候,意味着这个艺术家是右撇子,根据这两句话可以推断出,当用嘴喷射来制作手的模板时,惯用手起辅助作用,被制成模板的手是不常用的那只手,选B

 

3. The phrase depicted(描画;描述) in the passage is closest in meaning to

A identified 确定;识别

B revealed 泄露;显示

C pictured 画;描写

D imagined 想像;猜想

解析:词汇题。动词。 原句说在一些情况中,冰河时代的人物被怎么样举着某物,不可能是ADreveal一般与不定式to do连用,B 不对,选C,在这里有刻画之意。

 

4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A Right-handed artists could more easily have avoided casting shadows on their work, because engravings in prehistoric caves were lit from the left. 惯用右手的艺术家能更容易避免在他们的作品上留下阴影,因为史前洞穴中的雕刻品从左边被照亮。(不是在作品上留下阴影而是在手的影子对工具顶端产生干扰)

B The tips of engraving tools and brushes indicate that these instruments were used by right-handed artists whose work was lit from the left. 雕刻工具和刷子的顶端表明这些工具被惯用右手的艺术家所使用,这些艺术家的作品从左边被照亮。(不是工具的tips而是光源表明的)

C The best lighting for most engravings suggests that they were made by right-handed people trying to avoid the shadow of their hands interfering with their work. 对大多数雕刻品而言的最好的光线表明它们由惯用右手的、设法避免干扰他们的作品的手的阴影的人们所制作。

D Right-handed artists try to avoid having the brush they are using interfere with the light source. 惯用右手的艺术家设法避免使他们正在使用的刷子干扰光源。(不是避免刷子干扰光源,而是避免手的阴影干扰工具)

解析:句子转换题。原句有两个逻辑关系:for example, 表举例说明;so that, 表目的。句子有3层意思:1,大多数雕刻作品从左边被照亮;2,这对惯用右手的艺术家有益;3,这些艺术家为了不让手的阴影干扰工具而在左侧设置光源。只有C符合这3点信息及其逻辑关系。

A的因果关系原文没有,所以错 B将原句的主干变成了从句 ,错。 D完全改变原文结果,错。

5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT

以下所有都在第1段和第2段中作为艺术和艺术家中惯用右手的证据被提到,除了

A the ideal source of lighting for most engravings 对大多数雕刻品而言的理想光源(第2段第1句)

B the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand 一只手掌向上被制成模板的左手可能看起来像一只右手这一事实(第一段倒数第2句,不是事实,而是推测)

C the prevalence of outlines of left hands左手轮廓的普遍性(第一段最后一句)

D figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand

在史前艺术作品中用右手举着物体的人物(第2段最后一句)

解析:排除题。出题句在12两段,只能在答案中找关键词代入原文,A的关键词为source of lighting,定位出题句为第二段第2句,B的关键词为stenciled palm,定位出题句为第一段倒数第2句,C的关键词为prevalence of outlines,定位出题句为第一段最后一句,D的关键词为figures,定位出题句为第二段最后一句。ABD都符合原文,只有C说法错误,出题句说的是assumption,而不是fact

 

6. According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be identified as right-handed because

根据第3段,La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal骨架能被确定是惯用右手的,因为

A other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

其他在附近被发现的Neanderthal骨架也是惯用右手的(第3句话提到其他发现,但没说是否是惯用右手的)

B the right arm bone is stronger than the left 右胳膊的骨头比左边的更强壮

C it is similar to skeletons of La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal

它类似La Ferrassie INeanderthal的骨架(第3句提到类似的发现,但没说它们的骨架类似)

D the right side of the skeleton shows less evidence of fractures

骨架的右边显示更少破裂的证据(没提到破裂的证据)

解析:细节题。以La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal为关键词,定位出题句为第2句话,惯用右手者的右手比较强壮,而La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal的右手骨头比其左手强壮得多,因此其是惯用右手的,选B

 

7. Which of the following statements about fractures and cut marks can be inferred from paragraph 4?

以下哪一个关于破裂和切割的痕迹的陈述能从第4段中被推断出来?

A Fractures and cut marks caused by right-handed soldiers tend to occur on the right side of the injured party's body. 由惯用右手的战士导致的破裂和切割的痕迹趋向于出现在受伤的当事人的身体的右边。

B The right arm sustains more injuries because, as the dominant arm, it is used more actively. 右手承受更多的伤害,因为作为惯用的手,它被使用得更为活跃。(根据第2句,不惯用的手的那一边受伤比较多)

C In most people, the left side of the body is more vulnerable to injury since it is not defended effectively by the dominant arm.在大多数人们中,身体的左边对于伤害更脆弱,因为它没有有效地受到惯用胳膊保护。

D Fractures and cut marks on fossil humans probably occurred after death. 在人类化石上破裂和切割的痕迹可能在死后出现。(没提到什么时候出现)

解析:推断题。以“fractures and cuts”为关键词,定位出题句为第1句话,说它们也是证据,第3句也提到fractures,说一个战士的骨架在右边的胳膊和肋骨上有很多痊愈了的伤痕,第2句说惯用右手的士兵容易在左侧受伤,根据23两句可以推断,惯用右手的人们左边受伤比较多,AB说法错误,D无中生有,C比较合理。AD 没说,B说反。

 

8. According to paragraph 5, what characteristic of a Neolithic spoon would imply that the spoon's owner was right-handed? 根据第5段,一只新石器时代的勺子的什么特性会暗示这只勺子的主人是惯用右手的?

A The direction of the fibers纤维的方向(第3句提到,但说的是绳子)

B Its long handle它的长柄(2句提到,但没说有证明作用

C The yew wood it is carved from雕刻它的紫杉木(同B

D Wear on its left side 在它左边的磨损

解析:细节题。以“spoon”为关键词,定位出题句为第2句,答案在其后半句,即勺子左侧的摩擦表明它们的使用者是右撇子,选Dwear对应rubbing。注意wear有一个意思是摩擦。

9. In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux? 在第5段中,作者为什么提到在法国Lascaux洞穴被发现的冰河时代的绳索?

A As an example of an item on which the marks of wear imply that it was used by a right-handed person 作为一件物品的例子,这个物品上,磨损痕迹暗示它被一个惯用右手的人使用(第2句提到磨损的痕迹,但说的是勺子)

B Because tressing is an activity that is easier for a right-handed person than for a left-handed person 因为编绳是一项对于惯用右手的人而言比惯用左手的人而言更容易的活动(没提到)

C Because the cave of Lascaux is the site where researchers have found several prehistoric tools made for right-handed people 因为Lascaux洞穴是研究者已经发现几个为惯用右手的人制作的史前工具的地点(没提到)

D As an example of an item whose construction shows that it was made by a right- handed person

作为一件物品的例子,这个物品的构成显示它由惯用右手者制作而成。

解析:目的题。以“rope”为关键词,定位出题句为最后一句,即这条绳索由朝右螺旋的纤维构成,因此它是由右撇子编成的。选DBC无中生有,A细节错误。

 

10. The word criteria(标准) in the passage is closest in meaning to

A standards标准

B findings 发现

C ideas 想法

D techniques 技巧

解析:词汇题。名词。原句说Toth将这些什么运用到鹅卵石工具中,根据these可知criteria在上文中应提到过,指pattern(模式)之类的,BCD都不合适,只有A比较接近,且与criteria语意相符。

 

11. What was the purpose of Toth's tool making experiment described in paragraph 6? 6段中描述的Toth的工具制作试验的目的是什么?

A To shape tools that could be used by either hand 为了塑造能够被任意一只手使用的工具(没有提到任意一只手都能使用的工具)

B To produce replicas of early tools for display in museums 为了生产在博物馆中展示的早期工具的复制品(倒数第2句提到仿制,但只是手段不是目的)

C To imitate the production of pebble tools from early sites 为了模仿来自早期遗址的鹅卵石工具的成果(同B

D To determine which hand made the early tools 为了确定哪只手制作了早期工具

解析:细节题。以“Toth”和“experiment”为关键词,定位到第2句,整句话都是个例子,题目问目的,因此答案应该在第1句,是一个观点,即人们能够确定石器是用于左手还是右手,甚至可以追溯这一特征的起源。Toth的这个试验是为了证明这一观点,因此选D

 

12. What is the author's primary purpose in paragraph 7?

7段中,作者的主要目的是什么?

A To illustrate the importance of studying the brain 为了阐明研究大脑的重要性(重点不是研究大脑,而是大脑对人用手倾向的影响)

B To demonstrate that human beings are the only mammal to desire fine control of movement为了证明人类是唯一想要对活动的良好控制的哺乳动物(第1句提到人类是唯一有用一只手的倾向而不是想要控制活动的哺乳动物)

C To contrast the functions of the two hemispheres of the brain

为了对比大脑两个半球的功能(第2句客观陈述了功能的不同,但没有对比)

D To demonstrate that right-hand preference has existed for a long time

为了证明惯用右手的倾向已经存在很长时间了

解析:作者目的题。这段主要说了3个意思:1、现代人都是右撇子,2、人脑左半球负责制和活动,人脑不对称在200万年前后不久形成,3、在7万至3.5万年前由证据表明人脑左半球比右半球稍微大一点。AC都比较片面,B细节错误。这段话是对第6段话的进一步展开,第6段首句说了两种可能,即确定使用倾向和确定倾向的起源,通过Toth的实验只确定了倾向,第7段是在追溯起源。因此选D

 

13. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

The stencils of hands found in these shelters and caves allow us to draw conclusions about which hand was dominant.

在这些庇护所和洞穴中发现的手的模板允许我们得出哪只手惯用的结论

Where would the sentence best fit?

解析:句子插入题。以“stencils”和“shelters”为关键词,定位到第2句,根据shelters”前的“these”可知,插入的句子应在它后面,选B

 

14Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

 

Several categories of evidence indicate that people have always been predominantly right-handed

几类证据表明人们一直主要是惯用右手的。

 

      

Answer Choices

答案选项

A Stencils of right-handed figures are characteristic of cave art in France, Spain, and Tasmania. 惯用右手的人物模板是法国、西班牙和塔斯马尼亚岛的洞穴壁画的特征。(根据第一段第3句话,这些洞穴中的stencil是手而非人物的模板)

B Signs on the skeletal remains of prehistoric figures, including arm-bone size and injury marks, imply that these are the remains of right-handed people. 史前人物的骨骸残留上的迹象,包括臂骨的尺寸和受伤的痕迹,暗示这些是惯用右手的人的遗骸。(第34段主旨)

C Instruments such as spoons, ropes, and pebble tools show signs that indicate they were used or constructed by right-handed people. 工具,比如勺子、绳索和鹅卵石工具,显示了表明它们由惯用右手的人使用或者制作的迹象。(第56段主旨)

D The amount of prehistoric art created by right-handed artists indicates that left-handed people were in the minority.  由惯用右手的艺术家创作的史前艺术的数量表明惯用左手的人是少数。(第1段主旨)

E Neanderthal skeletons often have longer finger bones in the right hand, which is evidence that the right hand was stronger. Neanderthal骨架右手常常有更长的手指骨头,这是右手更强壮的证据。(根据第3段第2句,Neanderthal骨架的右臂骨更强壮,没提到手指骨头)

F Nick Toth, a modern right-handed toolmaker, has shown that prehistoric tools were knapped to fit the right hand. Nick Toth,一个现代的惯用右手的工具匠,已经指出史前工具被敲击以配合右手。(6段提到,Toth的敲击只是为了做实验去证明工具是被哪只手使用的)

解析:文章总结题,DBC分别为文章13456的主旨,AE细节错误。F无中生有。

 

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