纽约的私人博物馆——Frick Collection

 

《谋略大师》第20章。出于对母亲干涉自己私事的厌恶，托尼偏偏喜欢上了霍夫曼伯爵的女儿玛丽安。他听说玛丽安在纽约，便也赶往那里。

原文：

Since Marianne was a tourist in New York, Tony took her everywhere. They climbed the Statue of Liberty and rode the ferry to Staten Island, went to the top of the Empire State Building, and ate in Chinatown. They spent an entire day at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and an afternoon at the Frick Collection.

译文：

既然玛丽安在纽约的身份是个游客，托尼便带着她到处玩。他们登上了自由女神像，乘轮渡去斯塔滕岛，又来到帝国大厦的顶层，还去唐人街吃饭。他们花了整整一天时间参观大都会博物馆，又用了一个下午参观弗里克收藏馆。

 

弗里克收藏馆

（The Frick Collection）

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Henry Clay Frick

 

The Frick Collection是美国纽约曼哈顿的一座私人艺术博物馆，位于纽约曼哈顿第五大道70街原亨利·克莱·弗里克住宅（ Henry Clay Frick House）内。该馆于1935年12月16日对外开放。

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The Frick Collection的位置

 

大多数人盖房买房，用来都是自住传家。但是对有些人——艺术家，大文豪，或是富豪，他们的家产有一天会成为博物馆。这种例子真不鲜见，从故宫到远在新疆的王洛宾博物馆都是如此。在美国更为普遍，马克-吐温和海明威的住处最后都成了博物馆。

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在曼哈顿的第五大道70街，长长的一条街巨大的豪宅属于一个叫Frick的家族。房子建于1910年，当时的花费为500万（相当于今天的1亿1千万美元）。当年的房主是Henry Clay Frick，他是19世纪末20世纪初美国工业化时代最具影响力的钢铁大王之一。1919年12月Frick死于匹兹堡，根据遗嘱，他把匹兹堡的150英亩私家土地连同2百万交给匹兹堡市政府建立公园。

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在纽约Frick先生有着丰厚的艺术收藏，他的女儿Helen Frick继续扩大了收藏，1935年他们在曼哈顿第五大道70街的豪宅Frick Collection对外开放，那里有着Frick家最值钱的收藏，时间上跨越前文艺复兴到后印象主义几百年。

1984年Helen在匹兹堡去世，尘归尘，土归土，她生前的故居在1990年改建成为Frick Art History Center（Frick艺术历史中心）。

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这是整个豪宅一楼的平面图。

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Frick博物馆规定不可以拍照，不接纳10岁以下的儿童。周日上午可以根据个人的意愿缴费（也可以不买门票）。

 

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有趣的是Frick后人依旧住在同一栋楼上，但是走不同的大门。

 

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焦炭大王弗里克曾与钢铁大王卡内基水火不容，两人曾争相吹嘘自己的别墅是纽约最富丽堂皇的。卡内基的豪宅现在已经成为古伯惠特国家设计博物馆（Cooper–Hewitt, National Design Museum）；弗里克的豪宅现在则成为了弗里克收藏馆（The Frick Collection)，这个地方也常常出租给一些社交活动作场地。

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弗里克收藏馆的装潢和家具值得一看。基本上房间还是走洛可可风格，以浅色为主，无论是墙壁还是家具商，细节部分都有很多抽火焰、树叶或者贝壳形状的花纹，椅子上的花纹也多是孩童玩耍图。

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既然是个收藏馆，馆内自然还有很多除大师级的作品，比如放置于主客厅内提香的《戴红帽的男人肖像》（Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap）和西厢美术馆内伦勃朗的自画像——《一名年轻画家的肖像》（Portrait of a Young Artist）等。近段时间该馆还在特别展出意大利画家乔凡尼·贝里尼的名画《狂喜中的圣弗朗西斯》（St. Francis in the Desert，1480年)。

据圣经的记载，圣法兰西斯在拉宛那山靜修，看到一個有六个翅膀的天使。不过在这幅画中，画家似乎是引用圣经典故，但是画面确实自己的想象。画家想象意大利圣者圣法兰西斯从简朴的静修小屋当中走出，站在布满石头的荒郊，对着阳光，从他的姿势來看，似乎在向神祷告，或许他得到神的启谕，因而狂喜。画中还有许多充满象征意义的符号，比如所有动物——鹤、驴、松鼠都来到圣法兰西斯周围，似乎也是在倾听神的启谕。而且在圣法兰西斯身后还有十字架，作为宗教的符号。

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有学生证的话门票是10刀，不过可能仅限美国的学生证。星期天上午11点到中午1点之间去的话，可以按照自己的意愿爱付多少付多少。另外，纽约像摩根、高盛、彭博等许多公司都赞助了各大博物馆（包括这个馆、还有MOMA、大都会、古根汉姆等其他大型博物馆），所以如果有朋友在这些公司工作的话，不妨请他们陪同，那样去纽约很多博物馆就都是免费的！

 

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 维基百科中的弗里克收藏馆

 Frick Collection

The Frick Collection is an art museum located in the Henry Clay Frick House on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, New York City at 1 East 70th Street, at the northeast corner with Fifth Avenue. It houses the collection of industrialist Henry Clay Frick (1849–1919).

History

Henry Frick started his substantial art collection as soon as he started amassing his fortunes. A considerable amount of his art collection is located in his former residence "Clayton" in Pittsburgh, which is today a part of the Frick Art & Historical Center. Another part was given by his daughter and heiress Helen to the Frick Fine Arts Building, which is on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh.

The family did not permanently move from Pittsburgh to New York until 1905. Henry Frick initially leased the Vanderbilt house at 640 Fifth Avenue, to which he moved a substantial amount of his collection. He had his permanent residence built between 1912 and 1914 by Thomas Hastings of Carrère and Hastings. He stayed in the house until his death in 1919. He willed the house and all of its contents, including art, furniture, and decorative objects, as a public museum. His widow Adelaide Howard Childs Frick, however, retained the right of residence and continued living in the mansion with her daughter Helen. After Adelaide Frick died in 1931, the conversion of the house into a public museum started.

John Russell Pope altered and enlarged the building in the early 1930s to adapt it to use as a public institution. It opened to the public on December 16, 1935. Various additions to the architecture and landscape architecture of the museum site have been considered over the years including the placement of a prominent magnolia garden from the 1930s. As stated by the museum announcements: "As a result of a decision of the Board of Trustees in 1939, three magnolias were selected for the Fifth Avenue garden. The two trees on the lower tier are Saucer Magnolias (Magnolia soulangeana) and the species on the upper tier by the flagpole is a Star Magnolia (Magnolia stellata)."

Further expansions of the museum took place in 1977 and in 2011.  In 2014, the museum announced further expansion p-lans,  but came up against community opposition because it would result in the loss of a garden. The Frick ultimately dropped those p-lans and is said to be considering other options.
 

Collection

The Frick is one of the pre-eminent small art museums in the United States, with a high-quality collection of old master paintings and fine furniture housed in nineteen galleries of varying size within the former residence. Frick had intended the mansion to become a museum eventually, and a few of the paintings are still arranged according to Frick's design. Besides its permanent collection, the Frick has always organized small, focused temporary exhibitions.

The collection features some of the best-known paintings by major European artists as well as numerous works of sculpture and porcelain. It also has 18th-century French furniture, Limogesenamel, and Oriental rugs. After Frick's death, his daughter, Helen Clay Frick, and the Board of Trustees expanded the collection: nearly half of the collection's artworks have been acquired since 1919. Although the museum cannot lend the works of art that belonged to Frick, as stipulated in his will, The Frick Collection does lend artworks and objects acquired since his death.

Included in the collection are Jean-Honoré Fragonard's masterpiece The Progress of Love, three paintings by Johannes Vermeer including Mistress and Maid, two paintings by Jacob van Ruisdael including Quay at Amsterdam, and Piero della Francesca's St. John the Evangelist.

 

Temporary Exhibits

The Frick is known to have extraordinary temporary exhibits. When the Mauritshuis was under reconstruction, key and rare works like Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring and Fabritius’s The Goldfinch toured the United States, and was exhibited at the Frick in 2013 as opposed to other venues available in New York City.

 

Frick Art Reference Library

The Frick Collection oversees the nearby Frick Art Reference Library. The collections held at the library focus on art of the Western tradition from the fourth century to the mid-twentieth century, and chiefly include information about paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints, and illuminated manuscripts. Archival materials augment its research collections. Opened in 1920, the library quickly became a prime resource for students.

 

Management

 

Attendance

According to The Art Newspaper, the Frick Collection has a typical annual attendance of 275,000 to 300,000. About 35 percent of the visitors are non-English speaking.

 

Governance

In 2011, Ian Wardropper succeeded Anne Poulet, who had run the Frick Collection as director since 2003. Poulet took the position after Samuel Sachs II stepped down after running the institution for six years. Poulet was the first female director of the Frick. During her time at the Frick Collection, Poulet increased the museum’s small board of trustees, adding 10 new members. She also introduced the Director’s Circle, a group of 44 members who each give a minimum of $25,000 a year to the Frick Collection, although many have made significantly larger contributions.

 

Funding

By 1997, the Frick Collection had an operating budget of $10 million and an endowment of $170 million. Despite its large endowment, the institution still needs money to preserve the building.

 

Artworks

Featured artists include:

Giovanni Bellini (St. Francis in Ecstasy)

François Boucher

Cimabue

John Constable

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

Aelbert Cuyp

Jacques-Louis David

Gentile da Fabriano

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

El Greco

Thomas Gainsborough

Francisco Goya

Frans Hals

Malvina Hoffman

Hans Holbein the Younger

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

Rembrandt

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Andrea Riccio

Jacob van Ruisdael

Barna da Siena

Titian

J. M. W. Turner

Diego Velázquez

Anthony van Dyck

Jan van Eyck

James McNeill Whistler

 

 

Selected highlights

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Giovanni Bellini, St. Francis in Ecstasy, 1478

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Titian, Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap, c. 1516

 

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Hans Holbein the Younger, Portrait of Thomas More, 1527

 

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Hans Holbein the Younger, Thomas Cromwell, 1532 or 1533

 

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Agnolo di Cosimo, Portrait of Ludovico Cappon, 1551

 

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Three Soldiers, 1568

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El Greco, Saint Jerome, c. 1590–1600

 

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Diego Velázquez, King Philip IV of Spain, 1644

 

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Rembrandt, The Polish Rider, 1655

 

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Rembrandt, Self-Portrait, 1658

 

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Jan Vermeer, Officer and Laughing Girl, 1657

 

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Jan Vermeer, Girl Interrupted at Her Music, 1658–1661

 

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Jan Vermeer, Mistress and Maid, 1667

 

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François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Spring), 1755

 

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François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Summer), 

 

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François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Autumn), 1755

 

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François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Winter), 1755

 

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Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Secret Meeting, 1771

 

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Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Progress of Love - Love Letters, 1771-1772

 

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Francisco Goya, The Forge, 1817

 

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J.M.W. Turner, The Harbor of Dieppe, 1826

 

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Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres,Louise de Broglie, Countess d'Haussonville, 1845

 

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mother and Children (La Promenade), 1875–76

 

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James McNeill Whistler, Harmony in Pink and Grey (Portrait of Lady Meux), 1881