2012年军校考试英语阅读理解真题(2)

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　　二、阅读理解(共40分，每小题2分)

　　Passage 1

　　Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings.

　　Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.

　　It is easy to show that intelligence is something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will possibly be as intelligent as each other. Relatives like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

　　Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also proved by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.

　　16. Which of these statements best describes the writer’s view in Para. 1?

　　A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.

　　B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.

　　C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.

　　D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.

　　17. In Para. 1, the underlined word “surroundings” means _________.

　　A. intelligence B. life C. environments D. housing

　　18. It is suggested in this passage that _________.

　　A. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence

　　B. close relatives usually have similar intelligence

　　C. the closer the blood relationship between people is, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence

　　D. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence

　　19. People who live in close contact ________.

　　A. will have the same character B. won’t get along well with each other

　　C. are hardly to be influenced D. may have similar intelligence

　　20. The best title for this passage would be __________.

　　A. On Intelligence B. What Intelligence Means

　　C. We Are Born With Intelligence D. Environment In Developing Intelligence

　　Passage 2

　　Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, especially their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can sometimes go to their friends for advice. It is very important for teenagers to have at least one good friend. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking with them on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up because they can discuss with their friends the problems that are difficult to say to their family members.

　　However, parents often try to choose friends for their children. Some parents may even prevent their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is very interesting. Have you ever thought of the following questions?

　　· Who choose your friends?

　　· Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?

　　· Have you got a good friend your parents don’t like?

　　21. Many teenagers think their _________ know them more than their parents do.

　　A. friends B. teachers C. brothers and sisters D. classmates

　　22. When teenagers stay alone, the usual way of communication is to ________.

　　A. go to their fiends B. talk with their parents

　　C. have a discussion with their family D. talk with their friends on the phone

　　23. Which of the following statements is DIFFERENT in meaning from the sentence “Some parents may even prevent their children from meeting their good friends.”?

　　A. Some parents may even not allow their children to meet their good friends.

　　B. Some parents may even ask their children to stay away from their good friends.

　　C. Some parents may even not let their children meet their good friends.

　　D. Some parents may want their children to stop to meet their good friends.

　　24. What is implied in the passage?

　　A. Parents should like everything their children enjoy.

　　B. In all families, children can choose everything they like.

　　C. Parents should try their best to understand their children better.

　　D. Teenagers can only go to their friends for advice.

　　25. The main idea of this passage is that ________.

　　A. teenagers attach much importance to their friends

　　B. friends can give good advice

　　C. parents often choose their children’s friends for them

　　D. good friends can communicate with each other

　　Passage 3

　　Thousands of years ago people guessed the time of a day by watching the sun. Later, they found it was easier to tell the exact time by looking at the shadows. Thus, the sundial (日晷) was invented.

　　The sundial proved a useful timepiece in sunny weather. However, another type of timepiece was necessary for cloudy weather and nigh time. A sand glass was another common measure of time. Two glass bottles were connected by a very small opening. The top bottle was filled with sand, which dropped slowly into the bottom one in a certain period of time. Hour glasses were widely used then. Three-minute sand glasses are still used in many homes to time the boiling of eggs.

　　The real ancestor of modem clocks was the water clock. In China, an early water clock was made up of several bowls. Water trickled from one bowl to another to keep the clock going. Visitors to the Beijing Palace Museum can still see the old water clocks showing the time there.

　　In the Middle Ages a waterless clock was invented which worked by means of weight. To keep the weight falling at the same speed, a system of wheels was invented. The pendulum (钟摆) was soon developed to control the speed of the wheels. Thus the modem form of clock came into being.

　　26. Ancient people could guess the day time by________.

　　A. the sun B. the star C. the weather D. the water

　　27. Three-minute sand glasses are still used in many homes _________.

　　A. to boil eggs B. to measure the time of boiling eggs

　　C. to hold the boiled eggs D. to have eggs boiled

　　28. If you visit Beijing Palace Museum, you _________

　　A. will see the old water clocks broken

　　B. will find the time shown by the old water clocks is wrong

　　C. can find the old water clocks still telling the time there

　　D. will find the old water clocks have gone

　　29. In the Middle Ages the falling speed of a weight was kept by _________

　　A. several bowls B. a system of wheels

　　C. a system of pendulum D. several springs

　　30. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. The sundial could tell time in any weather.

　　B. Sand glasses are not used today.

　　C. The ancestor of modern clocks was the pendulum.

　　D. The modem form of clock came into being after the pendulum was developed.

　　Passage 4

　　When Chato’s barking didn’t stir Jerrica Seals, the recently adopted dog tried biting on the teenager’s leg to get the girl out of her burning house.

　　No one was hurt. Fort Myers firefighters responded at about 7: 00 a. m.

　　Five people lived in the Garcia’s home. That was neighbor Janice Hamilton’s main concern when she looked out of her window Friday and saw the flames. “I just threw my pants on to run outside to make sure they know how many people lived there.” Halmiton said. “It was scary.”

　　“Seals called me screaming,” said Leticia Vega, 36, the sister of Seals’ boyfriend, Javier Garcia, 23, who owns the home. “She said the dog woke her up barking, jumped on the bed and bit her on the leg.”

　　It is said that Garcia’s brother Gabrief brought Chato home several weeks ago after the animal wandered onto a Lehigh Acres construction site. Since then, Vega said, Chato had been mostly quiet until it mattered. “He doesn’t usually bark,” Vega said. “He’s really friendly.”

　　According to deputy fire chief Steve Clyatt, possibly the fire started because of an inadequate extension cord used on a window air conditioner. More than half of the home was burned down. There was extensive smoke and water damage in the remainder of the structure.

　　Estimates for repair costs were unavailable. “I’d say it’s unlikely they will recover this, but I’ve been surprised before.” Clyatt said.

　　31. Who brought Chato home’?

　　A. Jerrica Seals. B. Janice Hamilton. C. Javier Garcia. D. Gabrief.

　　32. We know from the report EXCEPT ________.

　　A. the relationship between Seals and Garcia

　　B. the person who called the firefighters

　　C. the possible cause of the accident

　　D. the owner of the house

　　33. The underlined word “they” in Para 3 probably refers to ________.

　　A. the firefighters B. Hamilton’s family members

　　C. other neighbors D. Vega and her brother Garcia

　　34. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. Fort Myers firefighters responded at about 8:00 a.m.

　　B. Less than half of the home was burned down.

　　C. Five people lived in the Garcia’s home.

　　D. Garcia’s brother Gabrief brought Chato home several months ago.

　　35. What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A. Janice Hamilton Helps Save Neighbors

　　B. Dog Saves Teen Girl from House Fire

　　C. Family Needs Help Due To House Fire

　　D. Firefighters Put Out House Fire

　　答案：

　　二、阅读理解

　　Passage 1

　　16. D。主旨大意题。第一段中“o some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, ... On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings.”为本段的主题句，说的是“在某种程度上说，我们的智力是在我们出生时赋予的，另一方面受环境的影响”，所以D项符合主旨。张为臻博客

　　17. C。词义猜测题。根据第一段中less than前后的比较，可知in a boring environment和in rich and varied surroundings是对等关系，所以surroundings和environment同义。

　　18. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的线索“Relatives like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence”，可知“像兄弟姐妹，父母和子女这样的亲属总是有相似的智力”，因此可以推断出近亲有相似的智力，所以选B。

　　19. D。事实细节题。根据最后一段“people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence”，可知那些有紧密联系的人，尽管不是亲属，很有可能有相同程度的智力，所以选D。

　　20. A。主旨大意题。本文的第一段是全文的主题段，主要讲述了智力，所以A项符合主旨。

　　Passage 2

　　21. A。事实细节题。根据第一段“They believe that their family members, especially their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do.” 可知“年轻人认为他们的家庭成员，特别是他们的父母，不如他们的朋友了解自己”，所以他们的朋友比他们的父母对他们了解的多。

　　22. D。事实细节题。根据第一段“Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking with them on the phone.”可知“即使当他们不和朋友在一起的时候，他们通常花很多的时间和他们的朋友在电话上聊天。”所以答案为D。

　　23. D。句意理解题。原句使用了prevent sb from doing sth的结构，表示“阻止某人做某事”。A、B、C三项都符合此意，只有D项stop to do sth表示“停下来去做某事”和原句表意不同。

　　24. C。推理判断题。根据第一段的线索“They believe that their family members, especially their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do.”可知“年轻人认为他们的家庭成员，特别是他们的父母，不如他们的朋友了解自己”，所以可以推断出父母应该更好地去了解他们的孩子。

　　25. A。主旨大意题。文章第一段的首句“Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends”为文章的主题句，说的是“很多年轻人认为在他们的生活中最重要的人是他们的朋友”，所以A项“年轻人很重视他们的朋友”符合主旨。

　　Passage 3

　　26. A。事实细节题。根据第一段“Thousands of years ago people guessed the time of a day by watching the sun.”可知“几千年前，人们通过观察太阳来猜测白天的时间”，所以选A。

　　27. B。事实细节题。根据第二段“Three-minute sand glasses are still used in many homes to time the boiling of eggs.”可知“三分钟的沙杯现在仍然在很多家里被用来测定煮鸡蛋的时间”，所以选B。

　　28. C。事实细节题。根据第三段“Visitors to the Beijing Palace Museum can still see the old water clocks showing the time there.”可知“到北京故宫博物院的游客还仍然能看到古老的水钟在那里展示时间”，所以选C。

　　29. B。事实细节题。根据最后一段“To keep the weight falling at the same speed, a system of wheels was invented.”可知“为了使重量匀速下降，发明了一个轮子系统”，所以选B。

　　30. D。事实细节题。根据最后一段“The pendulum (钟摆) was soon developed to control the speed of the wheels. Thus the modem form of clock came into being.”可知“不久钟摆被发明了来控制轮子的速度。如是现代的形式的钟表就产生了”。D项The modem form of clock came into being after the pendulum was developed.表意和原文一致，所以答案为D。

　　Passage 4

　　31. D。事实细节题。根据文章第五段“It is said that Garcia’s brother Gabrief brought Chato home several weeks ago after the animal wandered onto a Lehigh Acres construction site.”可知是Gabrief把这条狗带回家的，所本题答案为D。

　　32. B。事实细节题。我们从文章第四段““Seals called me screaming,” said Leticia Vega, 36, the sister of Seals’ boyfriend, Javier Garcia, 23, who owns the home.”可知Seals 和Garcia的关系，排除A;根据倒数第二段“possibly the fire started because of an inadequate extension cord used on a window air conditioner.”可知起火的原因，排除C;根据第四段“Javier Garcia, 23, who owns the home”可知房主，排除D，所以只有B项“是谁报的警”没有提到，本题答案为B。

　　33. A。指代猜测题。人称代词they指代前面提到的名词，结合当时的语境，可知加西亚家中住着5个人，这是当她的邻居向窗外看，看到火光时最担心的，所以她很快穿上裤子跑到外面让消防员知道有多少人住那儿，所以本题答案为A。

　　34. C。事实细节题。本题的题干并没有提供什么信息，我们需要结合四个选项，分别从原文中查找，并甄别判断：根据第二段“Fort Myers firefighters responded at about 7: 00 a. m.”可知A错误;根据倒数第二段“More than half of the home was burned down.”可知B错误;根据第三段“Five people lived in the Garcia’s home.”可知C正确;根据第五段“It is said that Garcia’s brother Gabrief brought Chato home several weeks ago after the animal wandered onto a Lehigh Acres construction site.”可知D错误，所以本题答案为C。

　　35. B。文章大意题。根据本文的主题段 —— 第一段，可知本文围绕关键词dog tried biting on the teenager’s leg to get the girl out of her burning house展开，所以B项符合主旨。

张为臻老师推荐阅读——http://blog.sina.com.cn/ray2010

 

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