大纲要求：语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生需灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等，判断各空白处应填写的内容。其目的是考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法知识的能力。

一、语篇型语法填空的测试点

主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和it的用法等。

给 提 示 词	词性 转换	以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀；也有加前缀的情况
	动词	时态、语态、语气、情态动词、不定式、-ing形式、过去分词
	名词	数、格
	形容词	比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变
	副词	比较级、最高级、形容词副词词性互变
不 给 提 示 词	连词	从属连词、并列连词
	代词	人称、非人称 (it)、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、关系、连接、不定
	介词	简单、合成、短语
	冠词	定冠词、不定冠词
	副词	疑问、连接、关系、时间、地点、方式、程度、句子、承接

近三年的考点分布：

	考察 内容	词法							句法		合计
		动词 时态 语态	冠 词	非谓 语动 词	代词	名词	介词	adj adv		连词
2013		1	1	1	1		2	2		3
2012		1	1	2	2		1	1		2
2011		1	1	1	3		1	2		1

 

三、语篇型语法填空题对高中英语教学的启示 

语篇型语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。

首先，要转变态度，改变中学英语教学中存在的过分强调语法规则而忽视其语用功能，过分重视接受性技能的学习而忽视产出性语言技能培养的现象。要敦促学生加强听、说、读、写综合能力的发展，多给学生创造进行语言产出和交际的机会，将学生学习英语的关注点转移到语言的社会功能和实际运用上来。

其次，要加强对学生语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。可以通过精读教学、课外阅读、写作练习等方式，促进学生的语篇分析能力和对语言的理解力和控制力的发展。

再次，应该继续重视语言的准确性。语法和词汇知识是综合语言运用能力的基础，因此巩固学生对语言基本知识的掌握依然重要。但语法和词汇不是孤立的语言项目，语法和词汇知识的学习要和真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合起来。

最后，进行恰当的适应性训练有助于增强考生应对此题型的能力。语篇型语法填空题取代单句型语言知识运用题之后，基于语篇的针对性练习势必比句子层次的语言知识练习更能满足考生的需求和测试的要求。 

 

	考察 内容	词法							句法		合计
		动词 时态 语态	冠 词	非谓 语动 词	代词	名词	介词	adj adv		连词
2013		1	1	1	1		2	2		3
2012		1	1	2	2		1	1		2
2011		1	1	1	3		1	2		1

四：解题步骤：

1.           通读全文，把握大意。

快速浏览全文，把握大意，为下一步填空做准备。

2.           结合语境，试填空格。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，在根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。

3.           重读全文，验证复查。

将所有的答案填进短文并进行通读，纠正之前的错误，确定最后的答案。

附1：考纲样题：

（1）短文体

One of my father's favorite   1  (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like something,   2  it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years I've come to realize how much of my success I owe to my   3  (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (职业).   4  (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get   5  (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn't   6  more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that   7  (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into   8  (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I'll try it;   9  I don't like it I can always go back to my   10  (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.

短文中设有10个空，其中7个给出了提示词，考生需要根据句意使用恰当的词填空，且词性和词形要正确；另外3个空没有给出任何提示，考生需要根据语篇逻辑填空；填入的单词数量不得多于3个。各题答案如下：

（2）对话体

Mum: (putting on her coat) I'm going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.

Alan: Why?

Mum: I'm not sure what   1  (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table   2  I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they're   3  (go).

Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I'm sure he was in the kitchen   4  (early).

Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished   5  (make) them, so he couldn't have done it.   6 , he couldn't carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I'm sure   7  wasn't him.

Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn't me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of   8  fridge?

Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I  9  (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my   10 . Now, why did I put on my coat?

对话中设有10个空，其中5个给出了提示词，考生需要根据句意使用恰当的词填空；另外5个没有给出任何提示，考生需要根据语篇逻辑填空；填入的单词数量不得多于3个。各题答案如下：   

1. happened    2 when   3. gone        4. earlier      5. making     6. Anyway      7. it         8. the    9. must have put         10. mind/memory

附2：广东省近7年考题：

语法填空专练

2013广东高考真题

One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he    1    ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much    2     too little.”

His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less,    3      not save a bit of money?”

“That would be a very    4    ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.

Nick’s guests,     5      had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt   6     a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect    7    the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”

“But such a small thing couldn’t      8     ( possible ) destroy a village.”

“In the beginning, there was only    9     very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always    10    ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”

2012广东高考真题

Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day,__1_____( wear ) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2____(buy) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3___ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __4___last row.

___5_____ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little __6____( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_ 7____made her feel like a star .

“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher __8____ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __9____ the boy would do .Then he took __10____ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool."

2011广东高考真题

    One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1__(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me__2__the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man__3__(sit) at the front. He__4__(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__(mental) disabled.

    Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him__8__his own either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made__10__of us feel good.

2010广东高考真题  

A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. __1__water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder__2__had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man__3__ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __4__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home__5__a happy heart.

   After the student left, the teacher let__6__student taste the water. He spit it out, __7__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like__8__?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be__9__ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best__10__we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.

2009广东高考真题   

Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __1__was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy__2__(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not__3__pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or__4__(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter__5__some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her__6__ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes__7__sale. She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please__8__. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already__9__table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane__10__ (inform).

2008广东高考真题

     Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life.__1__these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop__2__(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short—tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help__3__rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about__4__day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.

    One day, he came up with an idea__5__he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired__6__doing this for a whole day, __7__he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”__8__ (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.

This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their__9__(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often__10__(result) in the contrary to our intention.

2007广东高考真题

     I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car __1__(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to__2__should have the honor of receiving me__3__a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me__4__(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__5__small town some 20 kilometers away__6__there was a garage.

I had noticed three hens running freely in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.__7__villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked__8__(merry) till far into the night.

When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman__9__the trouble I had caused__10__.

2007广东高考样题

Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play__1__game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition,__2__team will get the most points and all the__3__eleven teams will get__4__points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face.__5__that team and that school must do is to admit that it__6__(lose). The only intelligent reaction__7__defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team will devote__8__to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
　　Lessons__9__(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more__10__(value) are the lessons learned in extra—curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.

参考答案

2013广东高考真题

1. found      2. nor       3. why       4. reasonable     5. who

6. at                7. for           8. possibly    9. a                10. thinking

2012广东高考真题

wearing      2.had bought 3.pleased            4.the        5.Although/Though 

6.harder      7.which              8.for              9.what           10.the

2011广东高考真题

1. later     2. until/till      3. sitting     4. was pretending   5. mentally

6. whom    7. they        8. on         9.  an           10. both

2010广东高考真题  

1. The      2. who       3. presented     4. warmly        5. with

6. another   7. saying     8. it            9. sweeter       10. when

2009广东高考真题   

1. it      2. to please     3. a            4. pushed        5. where

6. choice   7. on         8. him          9. at         10. was informed

2008广东高考真题

1. In         2. to help     3. his         4. it/that        5. that

6. after/from  7. but        8. higher        9. natural      10. results

2007广东高考真题

1. broke       2.who         3. as         4. settled        5.a

6. where      7. Other/Some   8. merrily     9. for          10. her

2007广东高考样题

1. a          2.one         3. other         4. fewer        5.What

6. is lost      7. to          8. itself         9. learned     10. valuable

 

附3：练习：

                                (1)

   The Internet has become part of young people’s life. ____1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _____2____ (use) information on the Internet ____3____ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it _____4____ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites ____5____ shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen ____6___ students spend too much time on the Internet.

   _____7____ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _____8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.

   Some students also make ____9____ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face ____10_____ (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.

 

                                    (2)

   Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the world’s great _____1____ are located on rivers, and almost ____2_____ country has at least one river flowing through it that plays _____3_____ important part in the lives of its people.

   Since the beginning of history, people _____4_____ (use) rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi, and the lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. _____5_____ transportation, rivers give water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation for the people _____6___ live along their banks.

   However, large cities and industries that are located on rivers often make problems. As the cities grow ____7_____ size and industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes _____8_____ (pollute) with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the _____9_____ (important) of doing more to keep their rivers clean ____10______ they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource.

 

                                    (3)

   Liu Xiang was the first Asian ______1_____ (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. ______2____ that he became an idol(偶像) to the young people.

   “I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic ____3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese ____4____ for Asia. My race went ______5_____ (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is _____6_____ amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for _____7____their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we ____8_____ run as fast as anybody else.”

  Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. ____9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s ____10____ I love.”

 

(4)

   Will _____1____ matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test _____2_____ (give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different _____3_____ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got ______4______ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see ______5_____ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten _______6_____ certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect _____7______ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be ______8______ (especial) true if a person works _____9____ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with _____10____ (much) attention in class.

 

(5)

   Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep needed _____1_____ on the age of the person and the conditions in ______2____ sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than _____3_____ old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with _____4_____ than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. _____5_____ is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need. Sleep _____6_____ always be enough to make one bring back his ______7____ (strong) and get ready for a day’s work.

   Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So it is not ______8_____ reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. A bath at bedtime, _____9_____ hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleepproducing drug(帮助睡眠的药物) should never be taken except when _______10_____ (suggest) by a doctor.

 

                               (6)

    Snake dishes have become popular _____1___ recent years. Snake meat in various flavors (风味) is often seen in restaurant ads. Eating snake seems to be now in vogue(盛行), and if you haven’t eaten snake yet, you ____2___(consider) “out of date”. But I wonder______3___ all the trends are worth following.

Some people may defend themselves ____4_____ saying that snake meat is nutritious. But these people don’t realize that many parasites(寄生虫)，____5_____ do harm to our health, are found inside snakes.

According _____6____ a survey, about 1000 tons of snakes are eaten every year in China and sometimes as ______7____ as 10 tons of snakes are served on dinner tables in Shenzhen in a single day!

These figures warns us that if no action is taken, _____8____ number of snakes will drop and make an increase in mice and worms population, which will ____9_____ in a decrease(减产) of crop output. Who will see such tragedy happen?  

    So let’s start not to eat snakes any more because “to protect the snake is to protect _____10_____.”

                              (7)

A few years ago, SARS ____1____ out in the mainland of China, causing some people _____2_____ (kill) or nearly got close to death. The situation was so severe that there was_____3___ time to debate who is to blame. The most important thing for the government to do is to find out the ______4____ of this deadly disease. They invited all the most _____5______ (experience) experts in this field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward. Some of the top experts then tested them to see _____6____ they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one patient who was seriously ill and had little hope_____7____ picking up and had the new medicine tested on him. _____8_____ his great joy, this patient recovered! He made his way to his office and telephoned the top official, _____9____ (tell) him this exciting news. For convenience, he moved to live in his office. His method did make sense. Not soon after that, the ____10____ hospitals also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.

 

(8)

I asked my uncle, who plays ____1_____ piano well, _____2____ he would assess (评定) the tone of a second hand piano I was hoping to buy. We arrived _____3____ the house and Uncle Frank looked the piano over, then _____4____ (sit) down and played a mixture of honky-tonk numbers and classical pieces. When he finished, we told the family that we would call _____5_____ in 15 minutes.

Outside, Uncle Frank said that ______6_____ the wood was battered (坏掉的)，the sound was good and we should buy it.

When I phoned the woman back, she sounded as if she was crying. ______7____ (concern), I asked, “What’s the matter?”

“We didn’t know the piano _____8______ play like that,” she replied. The piano wasn’t _____9_____ sale, and her daughter had to resume(重新开始) taking piano _____10_____.

                            (9)

In North America people are always in ____1____ hurry. Children have special lessons or sports activities _____2_____ school. Parents often work late and ______3_____ get home until 7 or 8 o’clock at night. Most North American families don’t have time to prepare a meal. That is ______4_____ fast food is so popular in North America. People _____5_____ about 40% of their dollars on fast food.

People usually buy fast food from restaurant chains such as Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, or KFC,_____6____ they can enjoy pizza, sandwiches, fried chicken, and so on. Fast food saves work and time, but it is not ______7_____ (nutrition).

Fast food is popular in many countries. American fast-food companies now have restaurants all over the world. But not _____8_____ is happy about the spread(扩展) of North American fast food. A group of people in Italy want to fight _____9____ the spread of American fast food. They don’t like the idea of more fast food chains ______10______(open) restaurants in their country.

 

 

(10)

 

   Many people keep small fish ____1____ pets. They keep them in a tank of water. The tank is made of glass. People can _____2____ through it. They can see inside the tank and watch the fish.

   The fish need room. They mustn’t be crowded. They need ____3____ to breathe.

______4____ must be enough water for all fish. So the size of the tank is very important.

   In the tank people put small plants _____5_____ are good for fish. They give oxygen to the water. Plants help in other ways, too. They can hide _____6____ the plants and sleep, lay eggs there.

   The fish ____7____ be kept in water all the time. Some can jump high. So the tank should be covered. This keeps the fish _____8_____ (jump) out.

   The fish need food and should be fed every day. But ______9____ you give them too much food, it is very bad, for the extra food will fall to the bottom and make the water dirty. So the fish should get just enough food and finish _____10____ in ten minutes. Nothing should be left.

参考答案

(1) 1 A  2 useful  3 and  4 in  5 they  6 if  7 It  8 which  9 friends 

10 meeting

(2) 1 cities  2 every/each  3 an  4 have used  5 Besides  6 who  7 in 

8 polluted  9 importance  10 if

(3) 1 to win  2 After  3 record  4 but (also)  5 wonderfully  6 an  7 all 

8 can  9 But  10 what

(4) 1 it  2 was given  3 ages  4 no  5 how  6 a  7 than  8 especially 

9 with  10 more

(5) 1 depends  2 which  3 the  4 less  5 It  6 should  7 strength  8 without 

9 neither  10 suggested

(6) 1 in  2 are considered  3 if/whether  4 by  5 which  6 to  7 many 

8 the  9 result  10 ourselves

(7) 1 broke  2 to be killed  3 no  4 cause  5 experienced  6 whether/if  7 of 

8 To  9 telling  10 other

(8) 1 the  2 whether/if  3 at  4 sat  5 them  6 though/although  7 Concerned  8 could/should  9 for  10 lessons

(9) 1 a  2 after  3 don’t  4 why  5 spend  6 where  7 nutritious 

8 everyone/everybody  9 against  10 opening

(10) 1 as  2 look  3 oxygen  4 There  5 that/which  6 among  7 must/should 

8 jumping  9 if  10 it