英语词汇在篇章中的引申含义举例说明

（下）

适合高一、高二学生

O

105. observe(熟义：v. 观察)

    Do they observe Christmas in this country? (v. 庆祝)

106. open(熟义：v．开adj．开着，打开的)

They left the matter open．

(adj．(问题，议事等)未解决的)

107. operate(熟义：Vi．机器运转工作；做手术)

The medicine operated quickly．

(vi．起作用) 

108. otherwise(熟义：adv．否则；要不然)

I could hear the distant noise of traffic. Otherwise all was still.

(adv．在其他方面)

P

109. part(熟义：n．部分；零件，角色)

In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions．

(v.分手；放弃；卖掉)  

110. position(熟义：n．位置；职位)．   

What’s your position on the problem?

(n．立场；观点)

111. promise(熟义：v．＆n．许诺)

The dark clouds promise rain．

(v．有…的希望；使…有可能)

A timely snow promises a good harvest.  

（v. 预示）

112. pronounce(熟义：v．发音)

The judge pronounced against her appeal．

(v．宣称；宣布；判决)

113. put up(熟义：建设；张贴)

Could you put me up for the night?

(留某人住宿)

114. possess(熟义：拥有)

A violent anger possessed him．

(vt．(感情，情绪等)支配；控制)

R

115. rate(熟义：n．比率，速度) 

These potatoes rate among the best．

(v．对……作出评价；被认为，被评价为)

116. read(熟义：v．阅读)

I didn't read mother's thoughts at that time．

(v．理解；领会)

117. reflect(熟义：v．映出；反射；表现) 

I need time to reflect on your offer．

(v．沉思；思考(on／upon))

118. round(熟义：prep．＆adv．环绕，围着adj．圆形的)

    We are losing the game in the last round due to our complacency．

(n．回合；局；轮)

119. recover(熟义：v．恢复健康；痊愈)

He almost fell, but succeeded in recovering himself．

(v．恢复；重新控制)

120. refresh(熟义：vt．使恢复精力)

Her words refreshed my memory．

(vt．提醒；提示；使想起；重新斟满；刷新)

121. relate(熟义：v．与一有关；相关) 

I related my adventure to my family．

(v．讲述)

122. remote(熟义：ad.j偏远的；偏僻的)

He is a remote relative of mine．

(adj．关系较远的；远亲的)

123. repair(熟义v．／n．修理)   

How can I repair the damage I have caused?

(v．补救；弥补)

124. respect(熟义：vt.／n尊敬；敬意)

He has no respect for the feelings of others．

(n. 重视；尊重；维护)

125. review(熟义：vt．复习)

She reviewed what had happened．

(vt．回顾)

126. run (熟义：v. 奔跑)

The T-shirt run and made all my other clothes red.

(v. 褪色，掉色)

S

127. safe(熟义：adj．安全的)

He is a safe man. You can count on him．

(adj．谨慎的；不冒险的)

128. say(熟义：vt．说)

Say that war breaks out，what will you do?

(vt．假定，显示，表明)

129. see(熟义：v看到)   

This century has seen two world wars．

(vt．经历，体验)

130. shoulder(熟义：n．肩膀)

Young people should learn to shoulder the duty．

(v．承担)

131. sound(熟义：n．声音)

It is important to have a sound body．

(adj．健全的)

My wife is a sound sleeper．

(adj．酣睡的)

Your idea is very sound.

(adj. 中肯的，合理的)

132. spare(熟义：adj.多余的；备用的；空余的v：吝惜；拨出，抽出)

He spared the thief．

(v．饶恕；放过)   

133. spring(熟义：n．春天；泉水)   

Fast food restaurants are spring up all over the city.

(v．猛然跳起；涌出)

134. steal(熟义：v．偷)

He stole a glance of her in the mirror．

(v．快速或偷偷地取得)

135. strength(熟义：n．力气)

Math is not my strength．

(n．强项,优点,优势)   

136. succeed(熟义：v．成功)

Frank will succeed Henry as Speaker of the House.

(v．继承，继任)  

137. surprise(熟义： Vt. 使惊讶，惊奇)

Our troops surprised the enemy in the midnight．

(v．出奇不意地袭击或发现)

138. sympathy(熟义：n.同情)

Annie's sympathies lie firmly with the workers．

(n．(p1．)赞同，支持)

139. satisfy(熟义：v．使满意；使满足)

She satisfied her hunger with an apple．

(v．满足要求或需要等)

140. subject(熟义：n．话题)

The child is subjected to colds．(adj．易遭受…的)

subject sb to sth=expose sb to sth 使遭受，使经历

T

141. take （熟义：拿走，带走）

 The college did not take colored people.

 The school doesn’t take boys.

 The dentist can’t take any new patients.

   （v. 接纳、接待（客人、患者等）       

142. tie(熟义：vt．栓，系)

They tied with the visiting team in the game．

(vi．打成平手)

143. twist(熟义：v．使弯曲变形)

The road twisted between spectacular mountains.

(v．(道路，河流等)曲折；蜿蜒)

144. travel(熟义：v．／n／旅行)

The news traveled fast.

(v．以某速度传播)

 

U

145. undertake(熟义：v．承担；从事)   

I can't undertake that you will make a profit．

(v．承诺；允诺；答应)

V

146. vote(熟义：n．&v．投票，表决)

I vote that we go home．

(V．(口语)建议)

147. vain(熟义：adj．徒然的；徒劳的；无结果的)

She is vain of her beauty．

(adj．自负的；自视过高的)

W

148. walk(熟义：v．&n．行走；步行)

This society welcomes people from all walks of life．

(n．行业(walk of life))

He is walking his dog.

(vt.溜)

149. wander(熟义：v．漫游；游荡；漫步)

Don't wander from the point．

(v．离开原处或正道)

Her thoughts wandered back to her youth．

(v．走神；神志恍惚；思想开小差)

150. wear(熟义：vt．穿戴)

The girl always wears a happy smile．

(vt．表露，流露，面带等)

151. weigh(熟义：v．称……的重量；重达)

Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this.

(v：权衡；斟酌)

152. weight(熟义：n．重量)

How much weight will be attached to his decision?

(n．分量，重要性)

153. will(熟义：modal v．表将来或意愿)

    He showed great strength of will．(n．意志力；意愿)

    Where there is a will, there is a way. (n．意志力；意愿)

What did it say in the will? (n．遗嘱)

 

 

 

 

增补：

1.agree with 与……一致，协调，适合 （熟义：同意）

Your story agrees with what I heard．你讲的与我所听到的一致。

Green pepper doesn’t agree with me. 我吃青椒会不舒服。

Long plane trips don't agree with me．我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。

2.back  vt．支持 （熟义：n．背）

Many of his friends backed his plan．他的许多朋友支持他的计划。

3.cost  vt．使失去（生命、健康等） （熟义：花费；值……）

His careless driving cost him his life. (粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价)

The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night．

病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。

4.for good 永远（勿望文生义）

She'll soon leave London for good．她将永远离开伦敦。

5.given（＝considering） prep．考虑到 （熟义：被给予）

Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation．

从他的总体健康状况来看，可能手术后要一段时间才会恢复。

6. word  n. 消息，情报（熟义：词）

Word comes that there will be a film this evening.

有消息说，今晚将有一场电影。

7. study  n.书房 （熟义：学习）

He likes to meet his friends in his study. 他喜欢在书房里会见朋友。

8. thirsty  adj. 渴望的 （熟义：adj.口渴的）

The youth are thirsty for knowledge.  年轻人渴望知识。

9. trouble n.辛劳,辛苦    (熟义：n. 麻烦)

He took the trouble to gather the materials for us.

他不辞辛劳为我们搜集材料。

10. born   adj. 天生的     (熟义：v.出生)  

He is a born artist. 他是一个天生的艺术家。

真题再现：

1.They had been such a happy distraction ( 调剂 ) that I have saved all the postcards and still bring them out to read whenever I need a lift.  （高考全国卷II）

save 此处是“保留，保存”的意思 （keep sth to use or enjoy in the future），不是“节省，节约；挽救；储蓄”的意思。     

例如: Save me some food.    给我留点吃的。

 

2. Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures. （高考山东卷）

新型塑料能承受很高和很低的温度。

stand 最基本的意思是“站、立”。在此是“承受、忍受”的意思。 

3.After planting the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. （高考辽宁卷）

plant 的基本意思是“种植、栽种”。在此是“竖立、安放”的意思（place sth firmly in a particular place or position）。

又如：They planted a flag on the summit.    他们在山顶上插了一面旗子。

 

4. They see you as something of a worrier, seeing problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. (高考重庆卷)

see的基本意思是“看见”。 在此是“设想、想象”（imagine）;“把…看作”的意思。他们把你看作爱担忧的人，总设想并不存在的问题，真是杞人忧天。此处cross bridges before you come to them 的意思是waste time think about difficulties which may never happen.

 

5. ----- Will $ 200 do ? 

-----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.  (高考湖北卷)

do的基本意思是“做”。在此是“行、可以、足够”(used for saying that sth is enough or is suitable for a particular purpose )的意思。例如：

----- Can you lend me some money ?

----- Yes, will $100 do?

 

6. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have turned twenty-one already!  (高考天津卷)

turn的基本意思是“转动”。在此是“达到（一定年龄或时间）”（become a particular age or a particular time）的意思。又如：

She turned 21 in June.   她六月份就二十一岁了。

 

7. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would help.  (高考浙江卷)

help的基本意思是“帮助、帮忙”。在此是“好转、有助于”（make a situation better）的意思。又如：More police officers on the street would help.

 

8. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits.    (高考湖北卷)

此处develop 的意思是“形成…习惯”。develop不再是“发展”的意思。此处有“患上（病）”的意思，请看：She will one day develop AIDS. 她会在某一天患上爱滋病。

 

9. A good idea struck me. (高考天津卷)

一个好注意突然掠过我的脑海。

strike此处是“突然想起（到）、一下子想起”（a thought or an idea come into sb’s mind suddenly）的意思。不是“打、敲击”的意思。还可以用下面句型表示：

It strike sb that…  等于 It occurs to sb that… 某人突然想起… 。例如：

It struck me that you might like some coffee, so I’ve bought some up.

 10. There is a sign reading ( saying ) “No parking”. （高考湖北卷）

有一个告示牌上面写着“禁止停车”。

read此处是“上面的文字内容是，上面写着”的意思。不是“读”的意思。

再看2006年浙江高考卷：----What should I do first?

----The instructions say that you should mix flour with water carefully first.

11.We should meet the needs of all the different group.（高考陕西卷）

我们应该满足不同人群的需求。

meet此处是“满足（愿望、要求、需求等）”（satisfy）的意思。不是“会见”的意思。

 

12.When he got off the bus, he found his pocket picked. （高考江西卷）

他下车是发现他口袋中的东西被扒窃了。

pick此处是“扒窃、从某人的口袋里偷东西”（quietly steal something from someone’s pocket）的意思。不是“摘；挑选”的意思。

 13. The building work has been held up by bad weather. （高考福建卷）

由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来了。

这里hold up 不是“举起”的意思，而是“推迟、（被）耽搁”（delay someone or something）的意思。