介词复习方法例谈
                       

【考点综述】
     单独介词并不能作句子成分，只有介词短语才能作句子成分。通常高考对介词的考查除了一道单选题之外，还会在短文改错等题目中涉及。例如，NMET2002短文改错第85行：
…I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my (head touched the pillow.)
该行正确改法为去掉介词at ，名词短语the moment 作连词，引导时间状语从句。
所以说，介词虽然是小品词，但是小品词不小。
    【关于介词的复习】
    一、 重难点
     单纯考介词填空的题目很少见，重难点是考查介词与其他各类词搭配而成的固定短语。既有考查如何搭配的题目，也有考查搭配而成的短语的含义和用法的题目。关键是平时学习时不断积累，熟记结构及其意思。
例1  We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to _____ it. It might be valuable. （NMET2002，31）
    A. hold on to             B. keep up with
    C. turn to                D. look after
     简析：如果不懂得短语 hold on to 的意思，显然就选不出正确项 A来。
例2 Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century. (NMET’99)
A. the; /        B. the; the       C. /; the      D. /; /
       简析：be in use 为固定短语，意思是“在使用中”。序数词前面要用冠词 the ，故该题选C。类似的高考以考查的短语有：put into practice ('92); in the habit of ('93); keep in touch ('94); be of great value ('98) 等等。
      二、 介词复习的方法
      可以用三种方法复习介词：
      （一） 按具体用途分类归纳。
这种方法可以归纳和比较出一些介词的基本用法和某些特定用法，还可以看出它们各自的区别。例如：
（1） 时间
“点”时间    at 4:30   at daybreak (在拂晓)   at noon  on a rainy night
on Sunday    on Oct., 1    on a spring morning
           “段”时间     in ten minutes      during the trip  during my stay here
            某时间后    after 5 o'clock  in ten days
            持续时间    for 3 years
            到某时间为止   by then      till/ until 4 o'clock
            时间前不用介词的情况    this / that/ next/ last/ one/ Friday, morning，year…                     
    （2） 空间
横穿、横过          across the desert  through the forest
越过                over the city
小地方at 大地方in   at 403 Taipei Road   in Beijing
方向                to Beijing   for Wuhan   (shoot) at…
      （3） 方式
用具      with a knife       over the radio  through a telescope
                      in a plane        by boat
    （4） 原因、结果     die of   die from   be surprised at
                    suffer from   be punished for
              
       （5） 对象   
satisfied    with sb.      be strict     with sb.
       be    pleased     at sth.                    at sth.
                        angry
               be familiar      with sth.        have some difficulty   in doing sth.
                              to sb.                              with sth.
         spend…   (in) doing sth.
        on sth.
（二） 以某一介词为基准发散式复习。
这种方法可以以某一介词为基地，从各个不同的方向进行扩散，把与之相关的短语揽括在内。也可以通过归纳，比较它们的异同。
例如(特别说明：①各个例子并不完备;②本文也不计某些动词短语后的介词作副词的情况)：
   in  固定短语有:  in honor of  in time of   in case of 
                   in charge of   in front of   in need of
                   in search of     in course of
与名词搭配:  (have/show) interest in      in future  in doubt 
in the end  in fact
与形容词搭配:  be weak in   be strict in  be rich in
be interested in  be successful in
                 与动词搭配:   hand in    join in    lie in    take pride in
              share in   take in     do well in
           believe in   succeed in
            to   固定短语有:say hello/goodbye/ sorry to   pay attention to  help oneself to
   devote to  pay a visit to   look forward to   prefer…to
与名词搭配：key to   answer to   introduction to   apology to
与形容词搭配：next to  good to   rude to  polite to  kind to
             close to   near to   cruel to   married to
与动词搭配 ： come to    listen to    get to   happen to  talk to
            apologize to    belong to    add to   reply to  stick to
            on   固定搭配有: fix one’s eyes on   on the way  on the condition
                             on the contrary
       与名词搭配: on earth  on duty    on sale    on  business
与动词搭配: depend on   insist on   call on   keep on   feed on
        move on   hold on   get on    put on    live on
                            operate on
            out  固定短语有: out of control  out of date  out of order  out of breath
                           out of work    out of reach  out of sight
与动词搭配： carry out  find out   take out     put out    keep out  go out    wear out  break out  speak out
            for   固定短语有:  take a message for   be anxious for  for one thing…for another  for a moment
                 与动词搭配 ：call for  ask for  look for   pay for   send for
            wait for 
（三） 以其它词为中心发散不同的介词搭配方式复习(注：本处同样不计介词作副词用)。
   这种方法有助于系统复习相似、相关短语的不同意思以及它们的区别。既可以对比，以加强记忆效果，又可以防止遗漏。
例如：
  1, take on   take out   take up    take in
  2, break out     break into    break down     break off
3, turn up    turn down   turn to…for help    turn off  turn out
4, put on  put up  put down  put off  put away 
5,for sale  on sale 
6,day by day（逐日）   day after day （日复一日）
7，be angry at sth.  be angry with sb.
8, be pleased at sth.(因做……而高兴)   be pleased with sb./sth.(对……满意)
  be pleased by （被……使得满意）
这种结构多用来编成单选题或完形填空题的选择项，需要考生区别各自不同的含义和用法，因此要求学生熟记！

【巩固练习】
1. ____ the days went on, the weather got worse.
A. With          B. Since   C. While          D. As
2. ____Production up ____60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As; to           B. For; by     
  C.  With; by        D. Through; to
3. My uncle lives_____105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____the fifth floor.
A. at; on     B. to; at      C. on; in       D. of; to
4. He is running ____the wind towards the east of the station ____Tom running ____the right.
A. down; and; on             B. against; with; on
C. for; with; in             D. with; while; to
5.In Hangzhou Mr. Green was so struck____ the beauty of nature  that he stayed ____another night.
A. at; on         B. with; at        C. for; in        D. by; for
6. Many people are still ____the habit of writing silly things  _____ public places.
A. at; at     B. in; in      C. into; of       D. during; at
7.I made the coat ___my own hands. It was made ___hand, not with a machine.
A.  in; in        B. in; with         C. with; by       D. with; with
8.The word ”write,” has the same pronunciation ____the word
“right”.
A. of       B. as         C. to        D. form
9.The train leaves____6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station___5:40 p.m. at the latest.
A. at; until     B. for; after
C. at; by      D. before; around
10.Go____the gate and you'll find the entrance ___the park ____the other side.
A. through; to ;on      B. along; of; on
C. down; to; at          D .up; of; by
11.One___five will have the chance to join in the game.
A. within      B. among     C. in      D. from  
12.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ___family was poor.
A. of whom     B. whom     C. of whose    D. whose
13.The policeman went up to see what the group of boys were ____at the street corner.
A. up          B. up to         C. working out      D. on
14.People in our county live_ ___peace and they are often seen   dancing  ____music in the city square in the morning.
A. in; to     B. on; with     C. with; to    D. in; on
15.After you finish the test, go over it with care to ___the mistakes you may have made.
A. look at   B. look up     C. look for    D. look after
16.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ___an inch.
A. by    B. at     C. to    D. from
17.The sunlight came in ____windows in the roof and lit up the  whole room.
A. through     B. across      C .on     D. over
18.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ___she could turn for help.
A. to whom    B .who      C. from whom     D. that
19.Washington, a state in the United States, was named ___one of the greatest American presidents.
  A. in honor of     B. instead of
C. in favor of    D. by means of
20. ---What do you want____ those old boxes?
---To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by     B. for     C. of        D. with
Keys:
 1-5 DCABD 6-10 BCBCA   11-15 CDBAA   16-20AAAAD

又说明：本文前半部分（即不含练习）发表在《英语画刊》2003年第10期，标题《例谈介词的复习方法》。