【已发表】when (ever)和where (ver)引导的从句
(2008-09-28 10:36:23)
标签:
教育 |
分类: 英语教学 |
when (ever)和where (ver)引导的从句
一、引导时间或地点状语从句。
When he left school at fourteen ,he began to train as an engineer.(94 ,上海)
他14岁离开学校后,开始接受工程师的培训。(when引导时间状语从句)
After the war,a new school building was set up where there had once been a theatre. (NMET 97,20 )
战后,一所新的学校在剧院的旧址上建立了起来。(where引导地点状语从句)
They had to bow before the hat when (ever) they passed .
不管何时他们经过,都被迫向这顶帽子鞠躬。[when(ever)引导时间状语从句]
Sit where(ver) you like .
你爱坐哪里旧坐哪里。[where(ver)引导地点状语从句]
二、引导条件状语从句,多表示抽象条件。翻译时一般不简单机械地将其译为时间或地点状语从句,而采用常意译的方法。例如:
When this soil is destroyed ,the forest land will become sand again .(SEFC SBI,A L15)
这层土壤一旦被破坏,林地就又会变成沙地。
When there is a will ,there is a
有志者,事竟成。
Where(ver) there is plenty of sun and rain ,the fields are green .
只要光照好,雨水充足,田野就会一片碧绿。
注意:上面这些例句中,when(ever)/ where(ver)在意义上都相当于 If
。只是前者侧重表示“有可能发生的条件”;后者侧重表示“假设的条件”。句中的
三、引导让步状语从句。例如:
Why do you want a new job
既然你已有这么一份好工作,为什么还想换新的工作呢?
Where(ver) you go ,we'll find you .
不管你去哪里,我们都会找到你。
四、引导定语从句。when/where 作为关系副词,既起连接作用,又作定语从句的状语。例如:
I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers ,which has a great effect on my life. (Shanghai 94,19)
我将永远不会忘记我在农村和农民住在一起的那些年月,它对我的人生产生了重大的影响。
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city . [SEFC SBI(A) P159]
他父亲工作的工厂在这个城市的西边。
You should make it a rule to leave things at the place where you can find them again .
你应该养成一个习惯,把东西放在你能再找到的地方。
比较:
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again . (NMET99,18)
这两句虽然意思一样,但后一句中where引导的是地点状语从句。
五、引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。when/where 在从句中仍作状语。例如:
何时何地开会还未决定。 (when and where 引导主语从句)
I remember when this used to be a quiet village. ( MET93,28)
我记得这里何时是个静谧的村庄。(when引导宾语从句)
Where you are from is not important.
你从那里来并不重要。(where引导主语从句)
The problem is where he lived .
问题是过去他住在哪里。
六、引导同位语从句。例如:
Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed .
这是就产生了这样一个问题:我们到哪里去找所需要的机器。
I have no idea where we can find the lost child.
我不知道哪儿去找丢失的孩子。