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弗罗斯特的诗(5首)

(2017-04-19 10:39:02)

弗罗斯特的诗(5首)

远洋 译

http://s6/mw690/472f4b36td9ee2b6f3a25&690



常重复的梦

黑暗使她说不出话来

因为这松树一直阴郁

总是试着将他们的卧室

那窗户的插销拔去。

 

那手乐此不疲白费劲儿

每次拂动都是徒劳的

使得大树看起来像鸟儿

隔着玻璃的神秘!

 

它从来没进房间里,

只有俩人中的一个

害怕在那常重复的梦里

那树会做出什么。

 

The Oft-repeated Dream

She had no saying dark enough
For the dark pine that kept
Forever trying the window latch
Of the room where they slept.

 

The tireless but ineffectual hands
That with every futile pass
Made the great tree seem as a little bird
Before the mystery of glass!

It had never been inside the room,
And only one of the two
Was afraid in an oft-repeated dream
Of what the tree might do.

 

暮雪林边逗留

我想我知晓这是谁的树林,

他家就住在附近的乡村;

他不会看见我逗留这儿,

观赏他白雪皑皑的树林。

 

我的小马必定觉得疑难

驻足的地方杳无人烟,

在树林与冰湖之间,

一年中最黑的傍晚。

 

它摇了一下挽套上的马铃,

对有没有弄错表示询问。

除此之外唯一的声音,

是微风和雪片掠过头顶。

 

树林是可爱的,深邃而幽暗。

而我要遵守我的诺言,

在睡觉之前还有几里路要赶,

在睡觉之前还有几里路要赶。

 

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village though;

He will not see me stopping here

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

 

My little horse must think it queer

To stop without a farmhouse near

Between the woods and frozen lake

The darkest evening of the year.

 

He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound’s the sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

 

The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

 

补墙

有某种东西不喜欢墙,

使墙下土地冻得鼓起,

光天化日之下摔下掉上面的卵石,

弄开俩人能并肩通过的缺口。

猎人干的是另一码事儿,

我一直跟在他们身后修理,

他们丢下一块又一块石头在那儿,

他们要把野兔轰出隐藏之处,

迎合那些欢叫的狗。我说的缺口,

怎么搞的,无人看见,也无人听说,

但到春天修补时我们发现在这儿。

我让山那边的邻居知晓;

一天我们会合去走这地界,

再次把我们之间的隔墙修好。

我们并排走时,墙一直在中间,

石头落哪边,哪边就捡。

有些像面包,有些近似球,

要用符咒才能把它们放稳当:

“呆在那儿!等我们转过身去!”

我们搬弄它们,手指磨得粗糙。

噢,不过是另一种户外游戏,

一人一边。我又想了想:

在墙那儿,我们不需要有墙:

他全是松树,我是苹果园。

我的苹果树决不会越界,

吃他的松树果,我告诉他。

他只是说,“好篱笆出好邻居。”

春天让我恶作剧,我想知道

能否把一个念头放进他的脑子里:

为什么好篱笆出好邻居?是不是

指有牛的地儿?可这儿没牛。

砌墙之前,我得弄明白

把什么围进来,把什么隔出去,

而我像是因此冒犯了谁。

有某种东西不喜欢墙,

要它垮掉。我可以对他说是“小精灵”,

但恰恰不是它们,我宁愿

他自己这么说。我看见他在那儿,

拿着一块石头,牢牢抓住石头尖

一手一块,像旧石器时代野人带着武器。

在我看来他摸索在黑暗里,

黑暗的不只是树荫和林木。

他不会深究父亲的谚语,

他想了又想,如此喜欢,

又说一遍:“好篱笆出好邻居。”

 

(译者注:此诗翻译参照了梁实秋先生的译本)

 

MENDING WALL

Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,
And spills the upper boulders in the sun,
And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.
The work of hunters is another thing:
I have come after them and made repair
Where they have left not one stone on a stone,
But they would have the rabbit out of hiding,
To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean,
No one has seen them made or heard them made,
But at spring mending-time we find them there.
I let my neighbor know beyond the hill;
And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again.
We keep the wall between us as we go.
To each the boulders that have fallen to each.
And some are loaves and some so nearly balls
We have to use a spell to make them balance:
'Stay where you are until our backs are turned!'
We wear our fingers rough with handling them.
Oh, just another kind of out-door game,
One on a side. It comes to little more:
There where it is we do not need the wall:
He is all pine and I am apple orchard.
My apple trees will never get across
And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.
He only says, 'Good fences make good neighbors'.
Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder
If I could put a notion in his head:
'Why do they make good neighbors? Isn't it
Where there are cows?
But here there are no cows.
Before I built a wall I'd ask to know
What I was walling in or walling out,
And to whom I was like to give offence.
Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
That wants it down.' I could say 'Elves' to him,
But it's not elves exactly, and I'd rather
He said it for himself. I see him there
Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top
In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed.
He moves in darkness as it seems to me~
Not of woods only and the shade of trees.
He will not go behind his father's saying,
And he likes having thought of it so well
He says again, "Good fences make good neighbors."

 

 

逃避

一次,当岁末的雪开始降落的时候

我们站在山上的草地边,说:“谁的小马?”

小摩根*有一条脚在墙上

另一条蜷曲在胸前,他低垂着头

对我们喷鼻息。然后逃走了

在他逃去的地方我们听到轻微的雷声

我们看见他,或者说我们以为看见他,渐渐

    模糊,消失,

像一个影子在正降落的帷幕后面。

我以为这小家伙害怕雪。

他不是冬天的对手。不是闹着玩的

对这小家伙根本不是。他正在跑开。

我猜测他的妈妈能否告诉他,‘这只是

天气的缘故。’他会以为她不懂!

他的妈妈在哪儿?他不能独自在野外。

现在他随着石头的咔嗒声回来,

带着变白的眼睫毛再次爬上墙

他整个尾巴不似毛发般直竖

他像抖掉苍蝇一样抖着他的毛发。

“无论谁丢下他在野外那么晚,

当别的动物走向畜栏和棚屋的时候,

应当唤他来让他进去。”

 

[译者注]*摩根(Morgan):即摩根马,美国佛蒙特州一种轻型马

 

The Runaway

Once when the snow of the year was beginning to fall,

We stopped by a mountain pasture to say 'Whose colt?'

A little Morgan had one forefoot on the wall,

The other curled at his breast. He dipped his head

And snorted at us. And then he had to bolt.

We heard the miniature thunder where he fled,

And we saw him, or thought we saw him, dim and grey,

Like a shadow against the curtain of falling flakes.

'I think the little fellow's afraid of the snow.

He isn't winter-broken. It isn't play

With the little fellow at all. He's running away.

I doubt if even his mother could tell him, "Sakes,

It's only weather". He'd think she didn't know !

Where is his mother? He can't be out alone.'

And now he comes again with a clatter of stone

And mounts the wall again with whited eyes

And all his tail that isn't hair up straight.

He shudders his coat as if to throw off flies.

'Whoever it is that leaves him out so late,

When other creatures have gone to stall and bin,

Ought to be told to come and take him in.'

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

 

 

树林的声音

我很奇怪那些树

为何我们愿意去忍受

它无休止的喧响

而远远多于我们

住所附近别的噪音?

我们白天容忍它们

直到我们大乱方寸

屹立在我们的欢乐中

并获得一片倾听的天空

它们在说要走

但从来没有离去

那说法绝非无见识

它已变得更老更智慧

此刻它打算逗留

我的脚在地面拖曳,

我的头在肩膀摇摆,

有时当我从窗户和门口

看着树摇晃的时候,

我将置身于前边的任何地方,

我将作出义无反顾的抉择,

有一天当它们发出声音

抖动着仿佛恐吓

它们头顶的白云

我将无话可说,

而我会离去。

 

 

The Sound of Trees

I wonder about the trees.

Why do we wish to bear

Forever the noise of these

More than another noise

So close to our dwelling place?

We suffer them by the day

Till we lose all measure of pace,

And fixity in our joys,

And acquire a listening air.

They are that that talks of going

But never gets away;

And that talks no less for knowing,

As it grows wiser and older,

That now it means to stay.

My feet tug at the floor

And my head sways to my shoulder

Sometimes when I watch trees sway,

From the window or the door.

I shall set forth for somewhere,

I shall make the reckless choice

Some day when they are in voice

And tossing so as to scare

The white clouds over them on.

I shall have less to say,

But I shall be gone.

Robert Frost

 

 

 罗伯特·弗罗斯特(出生于加利佛尼亚州的旧金山,1875)

 

    尽管罗伯特·弗罗斯特是新英格兰人的第九代,他实际上出生在旧金山,他的父亲在政界。他的父亲是一个同情南部的新英格兰人,用李将军的名字给儿子取名。

    弗罗斯特先生的母亲,一个学校教师,在丈夫死后搬回新英格兰。经由一个马萨诸塞州的劳伦斯在维吉尔的田园诗里的一个途径,高中使他的儿子懂得什么是诗歌,于是他开始写作。他离开对他似乎太学术化的达特茅斯,开始在一家劳伦斯工厂工作做一个“梭仔”。他20岁结婚,接着花费两年时间在哈佛大学,然后教书。在他做鞋以后,编辑劳伦斯的《前哨》,并成为一个农民。当农场失败时,弗罗斯特夫妇航行到英国,他们住在比肯斯菲尔德的一间茅草小屋里,而弗罗斯特继续写诗。不久他第一次就出版了两本书,《男孩的志向》和《波士顿以北》,先后在英国和美国获得极大成功。

    当1915年诗人返回美国的时候,他发现自己出名了。自从他成为诗人那时起居住在艾摩斯特市,密西根大学和哈佛大学,在这儿他现在是查尔斯、艾略特、诺顿的诗歌教授。

    他关于新英格兰的优秀诗篇赢得很多荣誉,包括因《新汉普郡》、《诗集》和《又一片牧场》获得1924年和1937年的普利策奖,从十三所学院获得荣誉学位。他的朋友说他作为一个安静、和蔼、敏锐和友善的人,散步很久,差不多总是随身携带一本书,当他感觉到像一个审慎的哲学家时他写作——通常在深夜。

    他的书是:《男孩的志向》(1913),《波士顿以北》(1914),《间歇泉》(1916),《新汉普郡》(1923),《西去的溪流》(1928),《诗集》(1930),《一个独闯者》(1933),《又一片牧场》(1936),和《从雪到雪》(1936)。

罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌定义:

    一首诗如哽在喉不吐不快;一种乡愁或者一种相思病。它是朝向表达的一种抵达;一种发现成就的努力。一首完整的诗歌是一个人找到他思想的一种动人之处和这思想里找到的词语。

对罗伯特·弗罗斯特的评价:

    诗人表达的是对日常生活的感觉 ……在罗伯特·弗罗斯特的作品里如此简单而又那么丰富。补墙,汇集了蓝莓,一片古老的雪,一条结苹果时的奶牛,一条干涸的小溪,两个搬进新居的人,一对夫妻回家看一个老人——这些惯常的事情无须装饰或作为说教粉饰的主题,或者事件被提升到一个“诗意”的水平,而像画面和事件内在的美,不是由于它们的可能性而是因为它们自身被欣赏。……

    他赋予如此民族风味的情感、思想和词语以及新鲜感,在他的地方色彩里,自从惠特曼以来没有诗人比他更美国化,更有普遍性。

——路易斯·昂特梅耶

在它的所有辛辣里没有其他的地方我们能找到那种尖刻,那一些芳香的辛辣爽利是在新英格兰。

——T·K·惠普尔

弗罗斯特先生精确地写下他看见的东西。但是,成为一个真正的诗人,他说这个过程是生动的而且带着一种吸引力——即转变自己进入一种优美而朴素的表达。他是一个突出的触景生情的诗人。他先以他温和的通情达理,和他的令人信服、不动声色的情感力量来诱导;稍后,我们被他的力量征服,并且感佩于他几乎无与伦比的技巧。但是,他的想象力被他的生活所局限,他受限于他的经验的范围内(或至少是他的亲身经历),而暴风中的所有弯曲像新英格兰山边风吹的树。总之,艺术生根于土壤里,也只有一个最最伟大的人能做到既是世界性的又是伟大的。弗罗斯特先生作为新英格兰人像苏格兰的伯恩斯,爱尔兰的辛格,或普罗旺斯的米斯特拉尔,也许无须说的太多,他是与这些诗人同等的诗人,将流传后世。

——艾米·洛威尔

 

(远洋2012年2月译自《普利策奖诗集》,该书由马乔里·巴罗斯编辑,纽约兰登书屋出版)

 

以上除英文原作外,刊登于《中西诗歌》2013年第2期

 

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