Step1.Discussion

What do you think of this theory: “英语语法题就是今天考小狗，明天考小猫”？

After the students have given some idea, give them the following sentence to help:

1.         The dog that Tom has seen is a pet of John.

2.         The cat that Tom has seen is a pet of John.

3.         The dog that Tom has beaten is a pet of John.

4.         The cat that Tom has killed is a pet of John.

5.         The dog that Mike has beaten is a pet of Mary.

6.         The cat that Jack has killed is a pet of Jenny.

Step2.Presentation1

Find the 小狗and 小猫 in the following sentence

1.         Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.

2.         Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful.

3.         Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city beautiful.

4.         Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the town beautiful.

Answer:

小狗=see(seen,seeing)

小猫=city/town

Then ask the students to find the relationship between the 小狗and 小猫:

Answer:

1.         Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.被动/动宾 the city is seen/see the city

2.         Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful. 被动/动宾 the town is seen/see the town

3.         Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city beautiful.主动/主谓 we see

4.         Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the town beautiful. 主动/主谓 we see

Ask the students to discuss and to find the usage of V-ing and V-ed as adverbial.

Conclusion: 分词作状语

1.       作状语的分词必须和主句的主语有逻辑上的主动/主谓或被动/动宾关系。

2.       被动/动宾关系用V-ed，主动/主谓关系用V-ing。

Step3. Drill

Ask the students to make some sentences of this kind.

Step4.Presentation2

Ask the students to think about the following sentence:

1.       Reading the letter, she cried.

2.       Reading the letter, tears came down her cheeks.

3.       Beaten, I cried,

4.       Killed, I cried.

When the students find that sentences 2 and 4 are wrong,ask them why and explain(tears can’t read or be read.That means the 小狗has nothing to do with the 小猫). Then correct them.

She reading the letter, tears came down her cheeks.

Tom killed, I cried.

Then complete the conclusion:

1.       作状语的分词必须和主句的主语有逻辑上的主动/主谓或被动/动宾关系。

2.       被动/动宾关系用V-ed，主动/主谓关系用V-ing。

3.       当主句的主语和作状语的分词不是逻辑上的主动/主谓或被动/动宾关系，要根据相应的主动/主谓或被动/动宾关系，给作状语的分词加上相应的逻辑主语。

Step5. Consolidition.

Give the students some exercises for practice.