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不定式进行时

(2015-05-26 09:03:00)

不定式进行式的两种用法

 

一、表示同时

表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如:

He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。

He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人们认为他躲在林子里。

It’s nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在这儿真好。

Why’s she so late?—She can’t still be working. 她怎么这么晚还不来?——她不可能还在工作吧。

 

二、表示将来

正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样,不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如:

He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。

The old man seems to be dying. 这老人似乎要死了。

 一、动词不定式的完成式:
  动词不定式的完成式形式是:to have done; 完成式的用法是:其表示的动作发生在主要动词(常常是谓语动词)所表示的动作之前。如:I consider it a pity for you not to have seen the film last night.我认为昨晚你没看那部影片真是件遗憾事。He appears to have waited for a long time.(=It appears that he has waited for a long time.)他好像已经等了很长一段时间。
  对于动词不定式的完成式的用法,考生要重点把握以下几点:
  1.常用的后接不定式完成式的动词有:seem,appear,happen,prove,pretend等。如:The beggar seems not to have eaten anything.这乞丐似乎没吃过东西。She seemed not to have grasped what he really meant.她看来没有明白他真正的意思。2.不定式的完成式常用于:be said to,be reported to,be thought to,be supposed to,be expected to,be believed to; be considered to,be known to等后面。如:Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.普遍认为查理斯·巴别基是发明电脑的人。She was said to have met afairy one day.据说有一天她碰到了一位仙女。
  3.常用的后面可接不定式完成的形容词有:
  glad, happy, sad,disappointed, satisfied, likely,sorry,surprised等。如:She is not likely to have got our letter.(=It is not likely that she has got our letter.)她可能还没收到我们的信。
  4.在would like,would love,would rather等后面用不定式完成式,表示“想做而未做的事情”。如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish areport.我原本打算昨晚去参加聚会,然而我不得不抽空写一份报告。I’d like to have seen his face when he opened the letter.我真想看见他拆信时的脸色。
  (注意)这类表示“意图、打算”之意的动词,还有:hope,wish, expect, think, suppose,want,plan,agree,mean,try等。这几个动词的过去式形式,后接不定式完成式作宾语,也可以表示“想做而未做的事情”。如:We hoped to have caught the early bus,but found it had left.我们本来希望赶早班车,却发现车子已经开走了。I planned to have attended the meeting last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.我昨晚本来计划去开会的,但有人找,脱不开身。
  二、动词不定式的完成被动式:
  动词不定式的完成被动式通常表示:发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作。也就是:当不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作,并且不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,用不定式的完成被动式,即:to have been done.如:The book is said to have been translated into many languages already.据说这本书已经被翻译成了许多种语言。The work seemed to have been finished before the dead-line.这个工作好像在最后期限前已经被完成了。
  三、动词不定式的进行式:
  动词不定式的进行式的形式是:to be doing; 其基本用法是:强调不定式所表示的动作正在进行。如:They seem to be getting along quite well.他们似乎相处得很好。You don’t need to be worrying about her.She is safe at home.你这样为她着急完全多余,她好好地在家里。
  动词不定式的进行式常与下面的词组或句式连用:be believed to ; be reported to;be said to; be known to ; be thought to; be considered to等。如:They are reported to be building another bridge across the river.据报道他们在这条河上正在修筑另一座大桥。
  They’re said to be collecting folk songs in Yunnan.据说,他们正在云南搜集民歌。

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