第三章 Shaping of the Nation （练习题上）

　　I.Choose the right answer

1. Under William's rule， the—— were at the bottom of the feudal system.

　　A. barons B. freemen C. villains D. lawyers

　　

2. William replaced the Witan， the council of the Anglo-Saxon king， with——

　　A. the Grand Council B. the House of Lords C. the House of Corranons D. Parliament

　　

3. William II was known as William—— because of his red complexion.

　　A. Rufus B. the Conqueror C. the Confessor D. the Unready

　　

4. Henry II was the first king of the ——dynasty.

　　A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet

　　

5. In Henry II ' s reign， a—— law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.

　　A. local B. private C. civil D. common

　　

6. The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of—— in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.

　　A. Labourers B. Clarendon C. Oxford D. Cambridge

　　

7. The Great Charter was signed in and had—— clauses.

　　A.1251， 63 B.1251， 73 C.1215， 63 D.1215， 73

　　

8. In 1265—— summoned the Great Council， which has been seen as the earliest parliament.

　　A. Henry B.the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort

　　

9. The Hundred Years' war started in—— and was ended in ， in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of—— ，

　　A .1337 ， 1453， Flanders B .1337 ， 1453， Calais

　　C.1346， 1453， Argencourt D.1346， 1453， Brest

　　

10. In 1351， the English government issued a Statute of—— ， which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .

　　A. Oxford B. Clarendon C. Labourers D. Magna Carta

　　II Fill in the blanks

　　1. Under William， the      system in England was completely established.

　　2. william replaced the       ， the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings， with the     of his new tenants-in-chief.

　　3. The property record in William's time is known as     ， which was compiled in

　　4.      was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.

　　5. In Henry II ' s day， the country was divided into       circuits， and the     system replaced old      ordeals by fire and water and old trials by battle.

　　6.      ' s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer' s time after he was murdered.

　　7. In 1215， the baron's charter， known as       or       was approved， which contained        clauses.

　　8. In the Hundred Years' war， the French heroine        led the French to drive the English out of their country. By 1453， was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.

　　9.        was the deadly bubonic plague， which reduced England's

　　population from four million to       million by the end of the 14th

　　century.

　　10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of        farmers.

　　

 

Answers：

　　1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C

　　II

　　1. feudal 2. Witan， Grand Council

　　3 . Domesday Book， 1086 4. Henry II

　　5. six， jury， English， Norman 6. Thomas Becket

　　7. Mangna Carta， the Great Charter， 63

　　8. Joan of Arc， Calais 9. Black Death， two

　　10. yeomen

　　III

　　1.Domesday Book

　　It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent， value， state of cultivation， and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today， it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.

　　2.lollards：罗拉德派

　　they were poor priests and traveling preachers who were john wyclif's followers.they played an important role in the mental preparations for the peasant uprising of 1381.they preaching the equality of men before god.

　　3.Joan of arc：圣女贞德

　　she was a national heroine of France during the hundred year's war，she successfully led the france to drive the English out of France.

　　4.The Black Death

　　It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague， an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning， and without any cue. In England， it killed almost half of the total population， causing far-reaching economic consequences.

　　

简答

  1.What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror？

　　Under the rule of William the Conqueror， the feudal system in England was completely established. According to this system， the king owned all the land personally. William gave his barons large estates in return for military services and a proportion of the land's produce. These estates were scattered all over the king. Then， the barons parceled out land to the lesser nobles， knights and freemen， also in return for goods and services. At the bottom of the feudal scale were the serfs. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance not only to their immediate lord， but also to the king.

　　2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great charter？

　　Contents： no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council； no freeman should be arrested， imprisoned， or deprived of his property except by the law of the land； the Church should possess all its rights， together with freedom of elections； London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges， and there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. It was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons， a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power of the king.

　　3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being？

　　Henry III's many measures was brought matters between he and barons to a head. And the barons force the king to swear and accept the Provisions of Oxford. Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster， together with two knights from each country and two burgesses from each town， a metting which has been seen as that the earliest parliament.

　　4. What do you know about Wat Tyler's Uprising？

　　The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. Tyler led the mared villagers to occupy London. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home， while Tyler and other leader stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king， who suppressed the Uprising brutally. Although the Uprising failed， it had great importance in English history. It directed against the rich clergy， the lawyers and the landowners. It effectively blew the serfdom， and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged， paving the way for the development of capitalism.