https://r/large/article/c453eac7c433d5d998d5f2fd556a8459

53茶迷贵妇人

Ladies are addicted to tea

荷兰是最早将茶叶从中国转贩欧洲的国家，其历史从17世纪初年的1605年就开始了，这也是中国与欧洲茶叶贸易的开始。荷兰商人用来自殖民地的胡椒、香料等土产到中国交换陶瓷、丝绸、茶叶等物品。从中国装运绿茶至爪哇，再辗转运至欧洲。荷兰人向中国商人购买了大量的中国茶叶，茶叶的主要品种有武夷茶、松萝茶和珠茶等等。

The Netherlands was the first country to transfer tea from China to Europe. Its history began in 1605 in the early 17th century, which was the beginning of tea trade between China and Europe. Dutch merchants exchanged porcelain, silk, tea and other goods with pepper and spices to China. Shipment of green tea from China to Java, and then to Europe. The Dutch bought large quantities of Chinese tea from Chinese merchants. The main varieties of tea were Wuyi tea, Sunglo tea and gunpowder tea...

https://r/large/article/3140da081aa4c318c3aa2dc040c4ba93

茶叶在欧洲的初始形态是药，荷兰人将其放在药店里销售。1666年，阿姆斯特丹的每磅茶叶售价是3先令4便土，而在伦敦则高达2英镑18先令4便士。所以一般人是消费不起的。

The original form of tea in Europe was medicine, which the Dutch sold in pharmacies. In 1666, Amsterdam sold tea for 3 shillings,4 pence per pound and £ 2,18 shillings,4 pence in London. So the average person cannot afford to consume.

https://r/large/article/d84f34a3fdd6efee03fbf328c03c5047

作为药物的中国茶，一度在荷兰成为万灵之水， 有一位被人们称为庞德尔博士的荷兰医生，建议人们每天喝茶，说:“我建议我们国家所有的人都饮茶!每个男人、每个女人每天都喝茶，如果有条件最好每小时都喝，最初可以喝十杯，然后逐渐增加，以胃的承受力为限。有人病了，建议喝五十杯到两百杯。”这几乎已到迷信的地步了。

Chinese tea, as a medicine, once became the water of all spirits in the Netherlands. One Dutch doctor, known as Dr. Pandl, advised people to drink tea every day and said, "I suggest that all people in our country drink tea!" Every man, every woman drinks tea every day. If you can drink it every hour, you can drink ten glasses at first, and then gradually increase it to limit the stomach tolerance. Someone is ill suggested a drink of fifty to two hundred. " This is almost superstitious.

https://r/large/article/d456d20bfe3b4ec46ad93c6edfe5f2d1

最初，茶仅仅是作为宫廷和豪富社交礼仪和养生健身的奢侈品。以后，逐渐风行于上层社会，人们以茶为贵，以茶为荣，以茶为阔，以茶为雅。进而逐渐普及到民众。饮茶的大众化，不仅促使社会上茶室林立，以茶为生的商业性茶座应运而生，家庭中的早茶、午茶，晚茶风起云涌，而且十分讲究以茶献客的礼仪，从迎客、入座、敬茶、品茶、寒暄到辞别等仪程均甚为严谨，既寓有东方人的传统美德，又含有西方人放纵的生活风情，茶、茶仪、茶的文化，凝聚了东西方社交文明精神。一些富有的家庭主妇，以家有别致的茶室、珍贵的茶叶和精美的茶具而自豪。随着人们对茶的追求和享受欲望的不断增长，荷兰对饮茶几乎达到狂热的程度，尤其是一些贵妇人，她们嗜茶如命，躬身烹茶，弃家聚会，终日陶醉于饮茶活动，以致受到社会的抨击。

At first, tea was simply a luxury for palace and luxury social etiquette and fitness. Later, gradually popular in the upper-class society, people take tea as expensive,pride,rich, and elegant. And then gradually spread to the public. The popularity of tea drinking not only promoted the emergence of tea houses, the commercial teahouses that depended on tea for a living, the morning tea, afternoon tea, and the late tea in the family, but also paid great attention to the etiquette of offering tea to guests, from welcoming, sitting down, and serving tea, tea tasting, greeting, farewell and so on are very strict, both the traditional virtues of the East, but also the Western indulgence of life style, tea,tea ceremony, tea culture ,the spirit of social civilization between East and West was condensed. Some wealthy housewives pride themselves on their unique teahouses, precious tea leaves and exquisite tea sets. With the growing desire for tea and enjoyment, the Netherlands was almost fanatical in drinking tea, especially among the ladies, who were fond of tea, cooking tea by themselves, giving up their homes, and enjoyed drinking tea all day long so being attacked by society.

https://r/large/article/33cb43924ed0062c6bdefb5c9eb4dea4

18世纪上演的喜剧《茶迷贵妇人》就是对茶在当时社会引起轩然大波的最生动的写照。《茶迷贵妇人》对推动西方饮茶风俗的影响也是深远的。这出戏至今仍在上演。

The comedy of the 18th century, "Ladies are addicted to tea", is the most vivid portrayal of tea causing a great uproar in the society at that time, and the influence of "Ladies are addicted to tea" on the promotion of western tea drinking customs is also far-reaching. The play is still on.

https://r/large/article/8f8250392583d741daf77bf8277fbc38

荷兰人意识到茶叶对国民生活的重要性，他们开始自己试验生产茶叶。1728年，荷属东印度公司在其殖民地印尼植茶，没有成功。成功的却是他们参与了茶在品饮方面的创新。据说奶茶品饮法的发明与荷兰人有关。1655年，中国清廷官吏在广州宴请荷兰使节之时，发现了茶与牛奶混饮的奶茶饮法，从此风靡欧美世界。

Aware of the importance of tea to national life, the Dutch began experimenting with tea production on their own. In 1728, the Dutch East India Company planted tea in its colony, Indonesia, without success. The success is that they participate in the innovation of tea in the taste and drink. It is said that the invention of the milk tea drinking method was related to the Dutch. In 1655, when the Chinese government officials in the Qing Dynasty entertained Dutch envoys in Guangzhou, they discovered the milk tea drinking method of mixing tea with milk, and became popular in Europe and the United States.

https://r/large/article/ad09bb4834fb199b0534104e8dd8a4e7

目前，荷兰本地人爱饮佐以糖、牛奶或柠檬的浓郁、柔和的红茶；旅居的阿拉伯人则爱饮甘冽、浓重的薄荷绿茶。

At present, Dutch people like to drink rich, soft black tea with sugar, milk or lemon, while living Arabs prefer sweet, heavy peppermint green tea.

作者介绍

    　潘城，浙江嘉兴人。汉语国际推广茶文化传播基地副秘书长，浙江农林大学茶文化学院系副主任，杭州中国茶都品牌促进会副秘书长，茶空间设计师、茶艺术策展人、作家。师承茶文化学者、第五届茅盾文学奖得主王旭烽教授，致力于茶文学艺术研究、茶文化艺术呈现以及茶文化国际传播。曾主创大型茶文化舞台艺术呈现《中国茶谣》，执行导演大型茶文化话剧《六羡歌》等。赴意大利、塞尔维亚、俄罗斯等多国进行茶文化讲学与交流。

https://r/large/article/af12877190d01db7e3e65cf8eed7fff4

About author

　　PAN Cheng, from Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Deputy secretary general of Chinese International Promotion of Tea Culture Transmission Base, deputy director of Faculty of Tea Culture in Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, deputy secretary general of Hangzhou Tea Brand Promotion Association, tea space designer, tea art curator and writer. His master is professor WANG Xufeng, tea culture scholar and winner of The 5th Mao Dun Literature Award, who devotes to research on tea literature and tea, artistic presentation of tea culture and international spread of tea culture. He once created large-scale artistic presentation of tea culture on stage Chinese Tea Ballad and acted as director of large-scale drama of tea culture Song with Six Admirations, etc. Besides, he has gone to many countries to give lectures and make communication about tea culture, including Italy, Serbia and Russia, etc. 

编辑：潘一涵、欧志杰

Edit：PAN yihan、OU zhijie 

https://r/large/article/27a4f1d7dc3bdf0a7feab65ef241894d