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容克87型（Junkers Ju 87）俯冲轰炸机，为纳萃德国于第二次世界大战投入使用的一种俯冲轰炸机。这种机型通称斯图卡（Stuka），为俯冲轰炸机的德文写法 “Sturzkampfflugzeug”的简略。这种机型为德国空军广泛的使用，由1935年开始投入使用，直至第二次世界大战结束。

Ju 87俯冲轰炸机最容易辨认的地方就是它那如海鸥般双弯曲的机翼、固定的起落架及其独有低沉的尖啸声。它于德国在开战初期发动的闪击战取得非常大的战果。在1940年以后，德国在非洲战场及东部战线大量投入这种轰炸机，尤其在东线战场，它更发挥出其强大的对地攻击能力。这种轰炸机不但为地面目标给予大力的打击，其独有的发声装置所发出的尖啸声，亦为地面的士兵给予心理上的恫吓，加强打击的效果。

在1933年希特勒掌权后，德国便开始大力发展军备，以抵抗《凡尔赛条约》施加于德国身上的军事限制，而空军就是德国首先发展的一环。在政府的大力推动下，各家飞机制造商也开始加入军用飞机的研发行列。其中，容克公司研发的Ju 87型俯冲轰炸机，其陡斜的俯冲角度、精准的投弹以及简易的操作，皆受到飞行员及德国空军部的青睐。

而1936年西班牙的佛朗哥将军发动叛乱，对抗西班牙共和政府，引发了西班牙内战。希特勒和墨索里尼对佛朗哥进行军事援助，这给了Ju 87俯冲轰炸机以及其他新式武器进行试验及发挥实力的机会。在西班牙内战中，德国的Ju 87俯冲轰炸机成功对西班牙共和政府给予沉重的打击，亦证实了其威力之大。因此，德国开始大量生产Ju 87俯冲轰炸机。

使用Ju87最成功的飞行员是汉斯.乌里希.鲁德尔，他是二战中德国最著名的飞行员。他的战绩包括摧毁了足以组成5个苏联坦克军的519辆坦克，还有150个炮兵阵地，近1000辆其他车辆，70艘舰艇，2架La-3战斗机，1架IL-2强击机，击沉了苏联战列舰“马拉”号，击伤了“红色十月”战列舰，还击沉了另外2艘巡洋舰和1艘驱逐舰。同时他还被击落过32次，拥有2530架次的战斗出动记录（6年中平均每天出动一次以上，没有休假、没有休息！）。是唯一一位被授予钻石金双剑金橡叶骑士勋章的德军军官！

空军大战略：斯图卡俯冲轰炸机Ju87

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