高中英语语法---代词易错点分析
(2009-11-24 17:53:40)
标签:
代词易错点分析教育 |
分类: 高中英语试题,语法,高三 |
易错点在哪里?
答:针对这一考点,考生易犯的错有:
① 反身代词和某些动词或介词连用构成的短语。
② 某些代词在句型结构中的固定使用。
③ it, that, one作替代词的用法区别。
④ 限定词的顺序,此类考题出现不多,是考生较难把握的一个知识点。
⑤全否定和半否定的用法
例1. (08山东卷)Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave.
A.
something
【答案】A 。
【题源探究】
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】
Anything是指没有一个固定范围的任何东西,可以用在肯定句和疑问句中以及否定句中。You can take anything you like.
Everything是指固定范围内的一切东西。
【同类预测】对该组词的考查会集中在对anything和everything的考查,与这一用法类似的结构有anyone和everyone。
He cares so little about his meals that _____ will do so long as it fills his stomach.
答案:A
解析:根据上句“他基本上不在乎吃什么饭”可以推断“任何能填饱肚子的东西都成”,因此用anything“任何东西”。
例2:(08福建卷)21. –How do you find your new classmates?
– Most of them are kind, but ____ is so good to me as Bruce.
A. none
【答案】A 。
【题源探究】
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】no one 只用于指人,而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人(物)之中一个也不”,用“none of”,后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。如:
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have(或has)arrived yet.(不用no one)
None of the money is mine.
另外none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。
【同类预测】none和no one;everyone和 every one的区别是一样的,都是非常重要的知识点和易考点。
(1)Some people would rather ride bikes as bike ridding
has
A. nothing
答案:B
解析:nothing是不定代词,不能放在介词of的前面:neither(两者)都不;some与句子的意思不符,都不能作为答案。None of the trouble of taking buses没有乘公共汽车的麻烦。
(2)It’s raining outside. I just need an umbrella, so _____ will do.
答案:D
解析:本题考查不定代词的用法。one是非特指,相当于an umbrella,而it是特指就是上文提到过的那个事物,本题中没有任何特定所指事物,故也不合适。anyone = anybody只代人,也因排除。any one = any umbrella,“任何一把伞”。
例3:(08全国I卷)30. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like ______.
A. both of
them
【题源探究】 考查全否定和半否定的用法
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】部分否定与全部否定:
当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时,一般只表示部分否定,如果表示全部否定,应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.
All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。
(现代英语中常写成:Not all the students were late for the class.)
None of the students were late for the
class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。
- Which of the two books do you want?
- I want_____. Please show me
A. none; another
答案:D
解析:答语意为:“两本我都不要,请给我另外一本。”其他三个选项不定代词表达的数上或意思上与问候语相矛盾。
例4.(云南省2008届高三英语第二次统测试题34) He is so addicted to smoking that ____ seems to be no chance of talking him into quitting.
A.
this
【答案】D。
【题源探究】 考查there be 句型的用法。
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】
There
1.There
There
He
There
There
There
2.There
英语中有些动词或短语具有一定的情态含义,我们称之为半助动词。There
There
There
There
Is
There
3.There
There
I
I
It
What’s
There
There
4.由there
由there
There
There
There
There
There
例如:
There
There
Is
There
There
There
Once
5.there与其它动词连用
除动词be外,其它一些动词也可以与there连用。这些动词有两类:一类是表示存在概念的状态动词,如:exist,remain,live,lie,stand等;一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词,如:come,enter,arise,occur,follow,appear等。例如:
There
Then
At
There
【同类预测】
(1)He is getting better. _____ is no need to send for a doctor.
答案:A
解析:本题考查it和there be句型易混淆的情况。本题是个there be结构,There is no need to do … = It is not necessary to do…,没有it is no need句型,但有It is no good/use doing…句型,相当于there is no good/use doing…句型。
(2)---- Did everyone pass the examination?
答案:B
解析:先排除A,因此主谓不一致,在排除C,表示“这是三个通过考试的”应该用表示特指these are the three of them,D中用that就更不对了。所以本题只能选B,是个强调句,“通过考试的就他们中的三个人”
五、如何应对?
答:1.根据知识网络将代词的基本用法记牢,这是你做好试题的前提。
2.不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而,在复习中要注意总结、归纳,特别应熟记一批有特点的例句,以加深印象,更加准确地把握其用法。
3. 多做练习,能够提高熟悉语境的能力,很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的,这方面一定要重视。
例1. (08重庆卷)24.—Could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon?
【答案】C 。
【题源探究】
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】
I don't like this hat ,please show me another.
(2)the other可作代词或形容词用,指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”,或另一方中的“全
I have two sisters. One is a student and the other is a worker.
I can see only two teachers in the office. Where are the other
teachers ?
(3)others泛指其他的人或物;the
others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。
—Excuse me,Pro. Lee.Could you please spare me some time?I want to talk with you
答案:B
解析:别的某个时候some other time=another time。
例2:(北京市宣武区2007—2008学年度第二学期第一次质量检测30) —When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?
【答案】D。
【题源探究】
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】
【同类预测】
---- Which do you like better, a CD player or a walk-man?
答案:D
解析:根据本题的意思是要求在CD player和walkman两者之间作出选择,因此先排除A、C两选项,因为no one = nobody,用来指代人,而none用来指代三者或以上的人或物中的“没有一个”。neither表示两者都不,是全否定,而either表示两者中的任何一个,与否定词连用也表示全否定“任何一方都不”。两个词都表示单数,在句中作主语、宾语和定语,如:Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。
I don’t like either of the pictures. 我不喜欢这两幅画中的任何一幅。
例3:(2007 四川卷) Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising
ending when you read stories.
【答案】A 。
【题源探究】
【广角思维】
【易误警示】
【悟彻高考】
一. one和it
代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词,但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物(复数用ones,主格和宾格相同);而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品(复数用they(主格)和them(宾格)。如:
.Mary needs a new dictionary. She is going to buy ones.
The new designs are much better than the old ones.
I want this computer, but I can't pay for it.
二. one(ones)和that(those)
这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词,但使用时应注意以下几点:1.替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词,或者重复那个名词,但不可用one来代替。
If you haven't got fresh milk, I'll take some tinned (milk).
I prefer green tea to black (tea).
The water in that well is cleaner than that in this well.
2.替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可,但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词);特指时用that(相当于the+名词)。
I haven't got a computer, and I've decided to buy one.(表泛指,one=a computer)
The computer is different from the one we are using.(表特指,the one或that=the computer)
3. one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语,也可以有后置修饰语(of短语除外);而that(those)不能有前置修饰语,它(们)的修饰语只能后置。
I don't want these green apples; I want the red ones.
A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.
Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.
This machine is better than that we bought last year.
4.后跟of短语时,一般只能用that(those)
The light of the sun is much greater than that of the moon.
【同类预测】替代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法是代词知识中最难掌握的一个知识点,很多试卷对代词进行测试时都选择这一知识点进行命题。
(1)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly
than ____ in the newspaper.
A.
it
答案:D
解析:考查代词的用法。此考点是高考常考知识点,要求学生掌握 that, those, it, one 及the ones 的用法。句意:网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播的要快得多。根据句意。前后比较的内容都是“information”,但指代不同的内容,A 选项it 指代同类同物。B,C,D 三个选项所指代的是同类不同事物,但“information”时不可数名词,故B,C排除;因此选D。
(2)The best job
is
A.
something
答案:C
解析:该句中缺少一个先行词,A,B项也可做先行词,但引导词应用that,因此正确选项为C。
(3)Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do.
答案:B
解析:本题考查的是不定代词的用法。根据题意“汽车确实给我们带来一些健康问题 — 实际上比手机带来的问题严重得多”,可见比较对象是problems,用ones指代上文提到的事物中的“某些”,than mobile phones do是than those problems mobile phones cause的省略。
巩固·应用测试
1.——How much vinegar did you put in the soup?
答案:D
2. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing
them when they turn to him.
A. if never
答案:B
3. ____ children tend to prefer sweets to meat.
A. The most
答案:B
4. Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well
while I’m away?
A. them
答案:C
5. I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike. The work was
____ simple.
A. nothing but
答案:B
6. ——Who is making so much noise in the garden?
A. There are
答案:D
7. ——Do you have anything in mind ____ you’d like for
supper?
A. that;
anything
C. what;
whatever
答案:A
8. ——What is the man over there?
A. anybody
答案:B
9.
答案:B
10. ---- Do you worship “The Grassland” and “The Space Dreams” by James?